top - download
⟦154d2b7c6⟧ Wang Wps File
Length: 16950 (0x4236)
Types: Wang Wps File
Notes: Air Canada Proposal
Names: »2043A «
Derivation
└─⟦729cc255f⟧ Bits:30006258 8" Wang WCS floppy, CR 0158A
└─ ⟦this⟧ »2043A «
WangText
…09……00……00……00……00……0b……02……00……00……0b… …0a……09……0a……86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
APPENDIX B
Page #
Apr. 29, 1982
M̲a̲j̲o̲r̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲a̲c̲t̲ ̲A̲w̲a̲r̲d̲s̲
Four major contracts, NICS-TARE, FIKS, CAMPS, and LME-NET,
are described below in some detail. Each of these
major computer system contracts are based on the Christian
Rovsing CR80 computer. Air Canada is invited to contact
the respective company or organisation.
o Project: NICS-TARE
Communications Front-end Processors
for
Message Switching Network
Customer: NATO Integrated Communications System
Management Agency, Brussels,Belgium
Prime Con- Litton Data Systems Inc.
tractor: Van Nuys,California.
CRA Sub
-contract
value: Approx. $6 Mio
Programme
Duration: 36 months (1976-1979)
o Project: FIKS
Defence Integrated Communications
System
Customer: Danish Ministry of Defense
Prime Con
-tractror: Christian Rovsing
Contract
Value: Approx. $ 7 Mio.
Programme
Duration: 48 months (1978-81)
o Project: CAMPS
Computer-aided Message Processing
System
Customer: NATO-SHAPE,Brussels,Belgium.…86…1
…02… …02… …02… …02… …02…
Prime Con-
tractor: Christian
Rovsing
Contract
Value: Approx.
$30
Mio.
Programme
Duration: 46
months
(1980-1983)
o Project: LME-NET
Customer: L.M.Ericsson,Stockholm,Sweden.
Prime Con
-tractor: Christian
Rovsing
Contract
Value: Approx.
$
4.5
Mio.
Programme
Duration: 48
months
(1979-1983)…86…1
…02…
…02…
…02…
…02…
…02…
o N̲I̲C̲S̲-̲T̲A̲R̲E̲ ̲N̲A̲T̲O̲ ̲T̲e̲l̲e̲g̲r̲a̲p̲h̲ ̲A̲u̲t̲o̲m̲a̲t̲e̲d̲ ̲R̲e̲l̲a̲y̲ ̲E̲q̲u̲i̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲
A rigorous and competitive evaluation of various
front-end communication processors was conducted
by Litton's Data Systems Division to satisfy NICSMA's
stringent operational and realiability requirements
for TARE. A CR80-based configuration was chosen
based on the criteria of traffic handling, expandability,
reliability and cost.
The dualised configuration consists of dual "CR
COMPROCESSORS", two groups of line termination
units, and dual data-channel interfaces to the
TARE Message Processors. The modularity and distributed
processing aspects are apparent in the use of repetitive
functional units around a multi-level data transfer
bus structure. (see figure I B-1).
Christian Rovsing has developed a customised configuration
to NICSMA specifications and is currently in production
for 20 dual-processors and associated line termination
sub-systems each of them capable of up to 163 line
connections. Several prototype systems have been
delivered and successfully tested.
In addition to supplying the complete front-end
configuration, Christian Rovsing also assumed responsibility
for the definition, system design, and implementation
of the NICS-TARE line coordination protocols, buffering
and other communication preprocessing functions.
Our U.S. subsidiary, Christian Rovsing Corp., assumed
a major coordination role in supporting Litton
NICS-TARE effort.
A brief description of the TARE COMPROCESSOR subsystem
and its major functional role now follows.
Fig. B-1…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
The TARE Communication Processor Subsystem is a
fully-redundant front-end serving as concentrator
and pre-processor for a maximum of 163 lines.
It interfaces the network to the Litton L3050 Message
Processors. A line-splitter assembly routes the
lines to two CP's. Both synchronous (2400 baud)
and asynchronous (600 baud) channels are accomodated.
Synchronous lines are controlled through an EDC
protocol (LITSYNC).
Message pre-processing is performed by a Multiplexer
Processor and a Communications Processors; both
are duplicated in the redundant configuration.
The Multiplexer performs the line polling. The
Comprocessor does the message processing and manages
the interface to the Message Processor; message
processing functions include character sequence
recognition, alphabet translation, channel, error
recognition and EDC protocol management, security
checking, and message sector assembly and distribution.
The CR80 Communication Processor is a distributed
minicomputer system specifically designed as a
communications line concentrator and pre-processor.
Of recent design and employing a modular architecture,
it provides TARE with a flexible front-end for
individual line terminations, multiplexing and
character-orientated data processing, communication
line characteristics such as speed, synchronisation,
distortion, timeout, bit sampling, character and
block assembly are completely divorced from the
L3050 Message Processors.
Extensive use of LSI contributes to the versatility
of the microprocessor controlled line termination
units. These form an integral part of the front-end
system and provide an interface to a variety of
line types for the interchange of data, control,
and timing signals.
The impact of LSI on weight, size and power is
clearly demonstrated by the compact hardware packaging.
(See Fig. I B-2)
Of particular significance is the cost reduction
realisable by LSI.
Fig. B-2…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
Of particular significance is the cost reduction realisable
by LSI. By way of illustration, note that it was economically
feasible to duplicate entire line termination units
to route traffice to both the active and hot stand-by
processors thus allowing on-line switchover without
loss of data.…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
o F̲I̲K̲S̲ ̲D̲e̲f̲e̲n̲c̲e̲ ̲I̲n̲t̲e̲g̲r̲a̲t̲e̲d̲ ̲C̲o̲m̲m̲u̲n̲i̲c̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲
FIKS is Denmark's tri-service defence communications
network. Its objective is to integrate, automate
and upgrade teletype command networks and data
communications systems previously operated by the
army, navy, and the air force.
Christian Rovsing and the Danish Air Material Command
jointly developed the top-level system specification
and a contract was awarded early in 1978. The
specification covers design, development, installation
and cut-over of a common nodal network for message
and data traffic. When completed, FIKS will provide
higher survivability, improved security, greater
efficiency, simpler operation and easier expansion
through computerisation.
FIKS integrates and fully automates the message
switching and data transfer functions. It consists
of a multi-node network geographically distributed
throughout Denmark. As initially structured, 8
nodes are arranged in a grid configuration and
interconnected via 15 full-duplex trunks operating
at 9.6 kilobaud per line.
Message and data traffic are interchanged between
military users under control of computerised nodal
switching centres. Message users at remote terminals
are served through COMCENTERs some of which are
co-located at the nodes.
Message traffic rates range from low-speed 50 baud
to medium-speed 2400 baud. FIKS is sized to handle
a throughput of 25,000 messages per busy hour including
messages entering the network, multiple distribution
of messages, retrievals, service messages and a
25% allowance for growth.
Data users, continuous or discontinuous, exchange
information through the FIKS network. Typical
data users are military data systems which relate
to air defence, air traffic control, intelligence
and command nets such as LINK-1, LOW-LEVEL RADAR,
TVT EXTRACTORS, ACBA-CCIS, TOSCA, FLY-PEP, CHODDEN,
and INTEL.
The FIKS network interfaces to NICS-TARE through
compatible circuits and protocols. Also, access
to the Nordic Public Data Network, NPDN, is provided
using CCITT X.21 for circuit-switched calls and
conversion to X.25 for virtual calls, this interface
is consistent with expansion to higher level X.25
packet switching.
To accomodate the navy's unique requirements, ship-to-shore
secure communications channels are provided through
the appropriate ground-based comcenters.
The generic elements of the Nodal Switching Center,
one of several in the FIKS network, are depicted
in figure B-3. Though physically separate, the
Nodal Switch is shown co-located with the System
Control Center and the Message Entry and Distribution
Equipment.
An abbreviated list of functions performed by the
system includes:
- Message Preparation and Distribution
- Simplified and ACP127 Format Handling
- Message Storage and Retrieval
- Network Supervision and Control
- Automatic Switchover and Recovery
- Alternate Routing
- Traffic and Operational Security.
A FIKS Site under factory integration and test
is shown in figure B-4.
Fig. B-3…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
Fig. B-4…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
o C̲A̲M̲P̲S̲
Christian Rovsing has contracted with NATO (SHAPE)
to deliver CAMPS, the Computer Aided Message Processing
System, on a turn-key basis to a number of sites
within the NATO theatre.
CAMPS has two essential functions:
CAMPS assists the user in message handling, i.e.
preparation, dispatch and receival of messages,
and
CAMPS communicates with data networks, and other
systems such as SCARS II (Strategic Command and
Alert Reporting System) and ACE CCIS (Command Control
Information System).
There are naturally high demands for reliability
and security in a system like CAMPS. These demands
are met by the hardware and software as an entity.
The hardware system is based upon the company's
CR80 computer. In designing this computer new
proven technology has been employed. Reliability
is further secured by using MIL quality components
and by subjecting all electronic modules to a burn-in
cycle (see figure B-5).
The CAMPS software consists of system programmes
and application programmes. The software engineering
profits from the many experiences the company has
obtained through the participation in other complex
message processing and communication systems.
CAMPS will exchange data with other computer-associated
handling and communicatio systems. Interface systems
which exist or are being developed include NATO-TARE
and Tape Relay Centres plus SCARS II and ACE CCIS.
The interface design is structured to permit the
accomadation of newly evolved systems as they are
introduced.
The primary format for messages will conform to
ACP-127 NATO SUPP-3 for all interfaces.
CCIS and SCARS II will utilise the X-25 data communication
protocol (CCITT) when interfacing with CAMPS.
Extensive use of up-to-date technology is required
to meet the strigent requirements set forth by SHAPE.
The hardware configuration features distributed autonomous
processing subsystems made economically feasible by
LSI (RAM's, PROM's, CPU's, USART's, FIFO's, ALU's,
etc.). The dualised configuration is partitioned into
Central Processors, File Management Processors, Main
Memories, Terminal Data Exchanges, and pre-processor-controlled
Line Termination Units.
CAMPS is characterised quantitively by (a) a connectivity
of 256 full-duplex lines or an equivalent 153, 600
bytes/second; (b) a 240-megabyte mass storage with
40-msec access, providing immediate retrieval of 24-hour
traffic; (c) a peak processing throughput of 30,000
messages/hour; (d) a cross-office processing time of
400 msec; (e) a system response time of less than 3
seconds; and (f), a predicted systems availability
of 0.999996.
CAMPS functional requirements deal with message handling,
message preparation, coordination, and release, message
distribution, format translation, storage and retrieval,
supervision control, statistics and reports, protocols,
and recovery and back-up-techniques. Three aspects
of CAMPS are depicted by the simplified software description
shown overleaf. (Figure B-6).
Of particular significance are: (1) the cost, weight,
and size reduction achieved by CAMPS, the 6-rack, 12
KW Hardware represents a drastic reduction compared
to similar equipment, and (2) the unique security features
to prevent unauthorized access such as privileged instructions,
memory bounds, and separate SYSTEM USER states.
A typical CAMPS installation (see figure B-7) consists
of the following elements:
- Processors and Mass Storage (3-bay Rack)
- Line Interface Equipment (4-bay Rack)
- Supervisory Console (varying from site to site)
- Software Maintenance Equipment
- Spares/Tools Cabinet.
Above equipment complement, which does not include
the terminal option for remote locations will be installed
in a secure area dedicated CAMPS.
The two racks are enclosed by a COMSEC approved cage,
sufficiently large to allow normal maintanance of the
central equipment. The cage will be located within
the secure area so that periodic inspection of the
cage will furthermore take into consideration the normal
security requirements of the site in question.…86…1
…02… …02… …02… …02…
Fig. B-5…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
Fig. B-6…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
Fig. B-7…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
L̲M̲E̲N̲E̲T̲
The L.M.Ericsson Data Network is being developed as
a private data communication network, to cover the
need within the organisation with regard to data communication
between data centres and terminal users.
LMENET is based on the CR80 computer and the first
phase consists of (see fig B-8 ):
o a network centre,
o a host interface processor system for connection
of IBM and UNIVAC computers,
o 10 switching nodes where traffic is collected and
directed to the receiver,
o a number of leased lines between the nodes, eight
of which are in Sweden, one in Copenhagen and one
in Madrid.
In the later phases, the network will be enlarged with:
o more network control centres, which will enable
certain distributed control parts of the network,
o more geographically distributed host interface
processors, perhaps with interfaces to the other
machine types (e.g. ICL),
o connection via satellite to new nodes (e.g. in
Brazil).
o The LMENET architecture is based on the following
concept:
o A general standardised transport facility is provided.
The network will follow international standards
for packet switch data networks, as defined by
CCITT in the recommendation X.25. This shall enable
a later connection to public networks and ensure
the adaptation of LMENET to future standards.
o Existing makes of computers and terminals will
be connected to the general network by means of
mechanisms in the network which do not require
modifications of the existing system.
The above concept will enable a layered construction
of LMENET following recognised principles of system
construction in general, and network construction in
particular (acc. to ISO's seven-layer model for network:
Open Systems Interconnection Rference Model).
LMENET has the following functions:
o a complete monitoring and control of the network
independent of host computers connected,
o emulation of a network, complying with IBM's Systems
Network Architecture (SNA) in order to establish
communication between the IBM user programmes and
the SNA terminals and certain non SNA terminals.
o emulation of network complying with UNIVAC's Distributed
Communication Architecture (DCA) which enables
a communication between UNIVAC user programmes
and terminals,
o direct programme to programme communication,
o different traffic types with different resource
requirements,
- dialogue traffic,
- batch traffic,
- transparent traffic
The first phase of the LMENET will be in operation
from July, 1982, with six connected host computers
and approx 2000 terminals.…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
Fig. B-8
