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4.6.2 System Softwre ........................
4.6.2.1 Kernel .............................
4.6.2.1.1 Resource Management ............
4.6.2.1.2 Directory Functions ............
4.6.2.1.3 Process Management and
Scheduing......................
4.6.2.1.4 Process Communication Facility .
4.6.2.1.5 Memory Management ..............
4.6.2.1.6 Device Management ..............
4.6.2.1.7 Real Time Clock ................
.6.2.1.8 Error Processor ................
4.6.2.1.9 Transfer Module ................
4.6.2.2 Input Output Control (IOC) .........
4.6.2.3 File Management System (FMS) .......
4.6.2.4 Message Management System (MS) ....
4.6.2.5 Crossfox MC System Functions (CSF)
4.6.2.6 System Status and Control (SSC) ...
4.6.2.6.1 MC-Checkpoint Transmission .....
4.6.2.6.2 MC Checkpoint Reception .......
4.6.2.6.3 On-lin Diagnostics ............
4.6.2.6.4 Line Monitoring and Control ....
4.6.2.6.5 Reception of Technical Error Reports
4.6.2.6.6 Operator Commands to an on-line PU
4.6.2.6.7 Off-line PU-operation
4.6.2.6.8 Watchdo Firmware Functions ....
4.6.2.7 Table Management Package (TMP)......
…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
4.6.2 S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲S̲o̲f̲t̲w̲a̲r̲e̲
The MPF system software will be based on the CR80 DAMOS
operating system. (Distributed Advanced Multiprocessor
Operating System).
On top of this highly vrsatile CR80/DAMOS architecture,
Christian Rovsing has created a set of Special System
Software packages for message processing systems like
Crossfox-MPF.
The major components in DAMOS are:
. KERNEL
. Terminal Management System (TMS)
. Fle Management System (FMS)
. Root Operating System
The Special System Software consists of the following
packages:
. Input Output Control (IOC)
. Message Management System (MMS)
. Crossfox MPF System Functions (CSF)
. System Statusand Control (SSC)
. Table Management Package (TMP)
The major features of the system software, described
in the following subsections, are:
. DAMOS ̲KERNEL
. Input Output Control, IOC (incl. DAMOS-TMS)
. DAMOS-File Manamement System, FM…86…1 …02… …02…
…02… …02…
. Message Management System, MMS
. Crossfox-MPF System Functions, CSF
. System Status and Control, SSC (incl. ROS)
. Table Management Package
4.6.2.1 K̲e̲r̲n̲e̲l̲
The DAOS KERNEL provides the lowest level of system
service above the CR80 hardware and firmware level.
Thus the KERNEL and the CR80 instruction set is the
interface between other S/W modules and the low level
H/W objects of the CR80M, namely: CPUs, memoy modules,
memory mapping module, I/O buses and I/O devices.
The KERNEL, together with the MAP module, provides
a secure means of protecting all data and resources
from unauthorized use.
The major components of KERNEL are:
* Resource Managemet
* Directory Functions
* Process Management and Scheduling
* Process Communication Facilities
* Memory Management
* Device Management
* Real Time Clock
* Error Processor
* Transfer Module
These functions are briefly described in the following
subsections.
4.6.2.1.1 R̲e̲s̲o̲u̲r̲c̲e̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲a̲g̲e̲m̲e̲n̲t̲
The Resource Mangement Module deals with synchronization
elements and governs references to e.g. processes and
memory segments, for example. Such resources are handled
in accordance with hierachical relationships among
processes. This will enable the various DAMO modules
to handle resources in a coherent way.
4.6.2.1.2 D̲i̲r̲e̲c̲t̲o̲r̲y̲ ̲F̲u̲n̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲
These are common service functions for the other KERNEL
components.
The Directory Functions are tools for allocation of
resources, i.e. memory segments, processes CPUs and
synchronization elements.
4.6.2.1.3 P̲r̲o̲c̲e̲s̲s̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲a̲g̲e̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲S̲c̲h̲e̲d̲u̲l̲i̲n̲g̲
A process is defined as the incarnation of the data
transformation obtained by execution of a program.
During the lifetime of a process it is found in different
rocess states, e.g. it may be waiting for some event
to occur.
Each process competes with other processes for system
resources, e.g. processor power, physical memory, and
I/O-service.
Process Management deals with implementation of processe
and with the functions available for operating on them.
The processes are scheduled on the basis of a priority
scheme.
4.6.2.1.4 P̲r̲o̲c̲e̲s̲s̲ ̲C̲o̲m̲m̲u̲n̲i̲c̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲F̲a̲c̲i̲l̲i̲t̲y̲
This provides the basic mechanisms for exchange of
information between processes.
A set of procedures are provided.
Two types of resources are used: synchronization elements
and communication elements.
4.6.2.1.5 M̲e̲m̲o̲r̲y̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲a̲g̲e̲m̲e̲n̲t̲
At any one time, a process can address 2 x 64 K words
(code and data respectively) indirectlyvia translation
tables. This leads to reentrant and unmodifiable code.
The Page Manager (PM) allows changing the "position"
of the addressing window thus leading to practically
unlimited addressing capabilities.
The page manager contains basic echanisms for security
and protection by administering the addressing capabilities
of processes to data and program segments.
4.6.2.1.6 D̲e̲v̲i̲c̲e̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲a̲g̲e̲m̲e̲n̲t̲
Device Management controls the device handlers which
are handling the direct Input/Output execution and
device interrupts.
4.6.2.1.7 R̲e̲a̲l̲ ̲T̲i̲m̲e̲ ̲C̲l̲o̲c̲
This facility offers functions for reading and setting
the system clock, tying the execution of processes
to time, and conversion between different time-formats.
4.6.2.1.8 E̲r̲r̲o̲r̲ ̲P̲r̲o̲c̲e̲s̲s̲o̲r̲
Handles errors detected at the hardware and KERNEL
lvel and provides a central error reporting mechanism.
4.6.2.1.9 T̲r̲a̲n̲s̲f̲e̲r̲ ̲M̲o̲d̲u̲l̲e̲
For hardware based transfer of data in a Processing
Unit.
4.6.2.2 I̲n̲p̲u̲t̲ ̲O̲u̲t̲p̲u̲t̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲ ̲(̲I̲O̲C̲)̲
The I/O Control S/W package provides the necessary
interfaces to he DAMOS Terminal Management System,
TMS, so that it can establish the connection between
Crossfox application S/W and terminals and lines. The
control functions can be devided into two distinct
functions:
- L̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲I̲n̲t̲e̲r̲f̲a̲c̲e̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲
This covers common S/W for interface to lines
via LTUs (L̲ine T̲erminanation U̲nits)
- D̲e̲v̲i̲c̲e̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲L̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲
All line, channel and device specifi S/W and
firmware for
- TARE and MC control
- TRC, MRL, S/S and Broadcast control
- VDU control
- Software Development VDU control
- SSC interface (for watchdog console).
The IOC package is subdivided into subpackages of the
folloing categories:
- Format Handling (on VDUs)
- LTU Handling
- LTU Functions
- SSC Interface
4.6.2.3 F̲i̲l̲e̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲a̲g̲e̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲(̲F̲M̲S̲)̲
The File Management System is a general system software
package used for management of backing starage i.e.
dik and floppy disk storage.
The entities managed are the following:
- U̲s̲e̲r̲s̲ (i.e. processes or groups of processes)
- D̲e̲v̲i̲c̲e̲s̲ (e.g. disk drives)
- V̲o̲l̲u̲m̲e̲s̲ (e.g. disk packs)
F̲i̲l̲e̲s̲ (i.e. logical sequences of backing storage
blocks).
Management consists of naming, handling, description,
functions, etc. as, applicable for these entities.
Majo aspects are those of reliability and security.
As for reliability it should be noted that the device
management of FMS supports the concept of fault tolerant
mirrored disks.
This implies that if both on-line disks are operational
they are update concurrently.
If one of the disks for some reason is not operational
it will later be updated to re-establish a state with
two identical disk contents.
S̲e̲c̲u̲r̲i̲t̲y̲
Whenever file access is attempted information related
to users and files are comared in order to two kinds
of security measures:
- A̲c̲c̲e̲s̲s̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲
- S̲e̲c̲u̲r̲i̲t̲y̲ ̲C̲h̲e̲c̲k̲
The Access Control checks whether the particular user
has the right to the intended kind of access to the
particular file.
The security Check compares the seurity profile of
the user with that of the file.
4.6.2.4 M̲e̲s̲s̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲a̲g̲e̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲(̲M̲M̲S̲)̲
The Message Management System is concerned with specific
information files of a fault tolerant message processing
system, so it partly resmbles the FILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(FMS) which is the general system S/W package dealing
with backing storage.
The two systems, MMS and FMS, are complementary and
are incorporated in a single process.
MMS interfaces to the application side (commads) and
to the disk buffers.
Further, the major functions are:
- I̲n̲f̲o̲ ̲F̲i̲l̲e̲ ̲H̲a̲n̲d̲l̲i̲n̲g̲
(In a Short Term Storage)
S̲t̲o̲r̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲R̲e̲t̲r̲i̲e̲v̲a̲l̲
Handling of Intermediate and Long Term Storage
of message incarnations.
C̲h̲e̲c̲k̲p̲o̲i̲n̲t̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲R̲e̲c̲o̲v̲e̲r̲y̲
Facilities for continuation after restart or
after switchover to the standby processing
unit.
4.6.2.5 C̲r̲o̲s̲s̲f̲o̲x̲-̲M̲P̲F̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲F̲u̲n̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲ ̲(̲C̲S̲F̲)̲
CSF is a system software package on top of KERNEL which
supplies a set of support tools for applicatin packages.
CSF combines the provision of these tools with a mechanism
for:
- Error detection and handling
- Security and access control
- Protection of data
- Checkpointing and recovry.
With reference to the subpackage names, the support
tools comprise:
- C̲o̲m̲m̲o̲n̲ ̲F̲u̲n̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲
Utilities for the other CSF subpackages
- T̲i̲m̲e̲ ̲M̲o̲n̲i̲t̲o̲r̲
Timer driven event facilities and manipulation
with current time and date.
- Q̲u̲e̲u̲e̲ ̲M̲o̲n̲t̲o̲r̲
Provision of a tool for communication between
application processes.
- M̲e̲s̲s̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲M̲o̲n̲i̲t̲o̲r̲
Application interface to MESSAGE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
- C̲o̲r̲o̲u̲t̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲M̲o̲n̲i̲t̲o̲r̲
Monitoring of multiprogramming within a process.
- S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲C̲a̲l̲l̲ ̲M̲o̲n̲i̲t̲o̲r̲
To serve as a control waiting facility for
interfaces to system tasks performed on behalf
of application programs.
4.6.2.6 S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲S̲t̲a̲t̲u̲s̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲
DAMOS is the general operating system for any local CR80 configuration.
SSC is the specific system software, which, on top
of DAMOS, performs the overall control of the particular
dualized H/W and S/W configuration of one site.
Within a site (eg. no. 01) it starts and allocates
resources to the two PU's, the peripherals and the
operator and monitors and controls the Crossfox-MPF
on-line and off-line system through interaction between
the Watchdog.
M̲o̲d̲e̲s̲ ̲o̲f̲ ̲O̲p̲e̲r̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
For a start it isworth clarifying the different scopes
of the total system.
a) T̲h̲e̲ ̲t̲w̲o̲ ̲s̲i̲t̲e̲s̲ ̲a̲s̲ ̲a̲ ̲w̲h̲o̲l̲e̲
The normal state of operation is:
One site (e.g. No.01) being active, message-processing
and sending MC-checkpoints.
The standby site (in case No.301) being active
in receiving MC-checkpoints. The process of initiating
message processing at the other site will be termed
c̲h̲a̲n̲g̲e̲o̲v̲e̲r̲.
There is o central equipment to automatically set
the overall state.
The state of the individual site must be independently
settable by decision of the local supervisor.
If the incomming MC-traffic indicates problems,
the local supervisor will be notiied automatically.
b) T̲h̲e̲ ̲i̲n̲d̲i̲v̲i̲d̲u̲a̲l̲ ̲s̲i̲t̲e̲
As indicated, an operational site may be in the
message processing or in the MC-checkpoint-receiving
state. In either of these states the site may operate
in one of the following two m̲o̲d̲e̲s̲:
- A dualzed system consisting on an active PU
(P̲rocessing U̲nit) and associated peripherals
and a standby PU.
- A degraded system consisting of one active
PU and associated peripherals and one offline
PU and associated peripherals.
The explicite functonal requirements of the SSC
are described in sections 4.2.8, 4.2.9 and 4.2.10.
A workable solution poses further implicite requirements
to be covered in the SSC-design.
This is based on the following partitioning into
subpackages:
- MC-Checkpoint Transmission
- MC-Checkpoint Reception
- Online diagnostics
- Line Monitoring and Control
- Reception of Technical Error Reports
- Operator Command to an online PU
- Offline PU operation
- Watchdog Firmware Functions.
These subpackages are briefly described in the
following subsections.
4.6.2.6.1 M̲C̲-̲C̲h̲e̲c̲k̲p̲o̲i̲n̲t̲ ̲T̲r̲a̲n̲s̲m̲i̲s̲s̲i̲o̲n̲
This subpackage is active if the site is in the messageprocessing
state.It receives checkpoint records from MMS, LOG
and CSF and transmits checkpoint information via IOC
to the other site.
4.6.2.6.2 M̲C̲-̲C̲h̲e̲c̲k̲p̲o̲i̲n̲t̲ ̲R̲e̲c̲e̲p̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
This subpackage is active if the site is in the MC-Checkpoint-receiving
stae. Via IOC it communicates with the message processing
site.
The information received is recorded on disk, and the
system is kept in a state ready for changeover.
4.6.2.6.3 O̲n̲-̲l̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲D̲i̲a̲g̲n̲o̲s̲t̲i̲c̲s̲
These programs are low priority tasks aiming at limiting
the effect of an error by
- timely detection of errors
- reporting the error condition
A specific test program i checksums the read-only system
software periodically or on request.
4.6.2.6.4 L̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲M̲o̲n̲i̲t̲o̲r̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲ (LIMCO)
LIMCO monitors and controls the LTU-lines (L̲ine T̲erminating
U̲nits) for VDUs, external channels, stand lone devices,
the W̲atchD̲og Processor (WDP), the WDP-VDU, the WDP-printer,
and the Standby PU (Processing-Unit).
LIMCO performs two functions:
- Logical control, e.g. access control (block/unblock)
delivery control(security
function)
- Monitoring of the system connection and subsequent
execution of control. (The system connection is
used by applications to communicate with the system
software which handles security functions.
4.6.2.6.5 R̲e̲c̲e̲p̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲o̲f̲ ̲T̲c̲h̲n̲i̲c̲a̲l̲ ̲E̲r̲r̲o̲r̲ ̲R̲e̲p̲o̲r̲t̲s̲
Technical errors are errors resulting from
- system calls
- instruction execution
- validity checks
- WDP-monitoring (W̲atch D̲og P̲rocessor)
For the error reports, SSC performs:
- Update of the configuration table
- Update of configuration display
- Priting of an error report on the WDP printer.
Tha actions for error fix-up depend on the type of
error.
The actions automatically performed may include:
- the retiring of an application process
- reconfiguration
- emergency switchover to th standby P̲rocessing U̲nit
(PU) of the same site.
4.6.2.6.6 O̲p̲e̲r̲a̲t̲o̲r̲ ̲C̲o̲m̲m̲a̲n̲d̲s̲ ̲t̲o̲ ̲a̲n̲ ̲o̲n̲-̲l̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲P̲U̲ ̲(̲P̲r̲o̲c̲e̲s̲s̲i̲n̲g̲
̲U̲n̲i̲t̲)̲
Operator commands control the Crossfox Hardware and
Software configuration. The execution of the control
is shared between the activ PU and the WDP.
Some operator functions are:
- start-up of all modes of the system
- ordered close-down
- switch between redundant H/W units
- device control
- control of line attributes
- load of new software
4.6.2.6.7 O̲f̲f̲-̲l̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲P̲U̲-̲o̲p̲e̲r̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲(̲P̲r̲o̲c̲e̲s̲s̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲U̲n̲i̲t̲)̲
Command inteface to the SSP (Support Software Package)
and the OLP (Offline Package) in the off-line PU and
allocation of resources for off-line operations.
4.6.2.6.8 W̲a̲t̲c̲h̲d̲o̲g̲ ̲F̲i̲r̲m̲w̲a̲r̲e̲ ̲F̲u̲n̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲
These include the following functions:
- W̲a̲t̲c̲h̲d̲o̲g̲ ̲l̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲c̲o̲m̲u̲n̲i̲c̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲f̲i̲r̲m̲w̲a̲r̲e̲.̲
This supports communication to the two PUs, the
operator VDU, and the operator printer.
- S̲w̲i̲t̲c̲h̲ ̲l̲o̲g̲i̲c̲
This controls the physical connection of H/W modules
based on
- commands from PUs
- no keep alive messages receved from either
of the PUs…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
- commands from the operator
- direct monitoring of discrete points in the
crates.
(this is done through the Configuration Control
Bus by a periodic scanning.
- E̲n̲f̲o̲r̲c̲e̲m̲n̲t̲ ̲o̲f̲ ̲s̲w̲i̲t̲c̲h̲o̲v̲e̲r̲ ̲t̲o̲ ̲t̲h̲e̲ ̲s̲t̲a̲n̲d̲b̲y̲ ̲P̲U̲.̲
- W̲D̲-̲s̲t̲a̲n̲d̲a̲r̲d̲ ̲F̲i̲r̲m̲w̲a̲r̲e̲
The WD-Kernel and start up firmware.
4.6.2.7 T̲a̲b̲l̲e̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲a̲g̲e̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲P̲a̲c̲k̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲(̲T̲M̲P̲)̲
The Table Management Package administers a data base
containing:
. Tables (e.g. PLA-tables (Plain ̲Languges ̲Address)
. System Parameters (e.g Device Parameters)
. Global Serial Numbers (e.g. Transmission Serial
Nos).
TMP searches and delivers data to various other packages
on request.
TMP may update the data base automatically or on request.
An acess control is employed in the search and update
functions.
TMP is composed of the following subpackages:
. TMP Search
. TMP Update
. TMP Monotor (For interfacing to the process being
served).
