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CHAPTER
8
Page
#
DOCUMENT
III
TECHNICAL
PROPOSAL
Apr.
29, 1982
LIST OF CONTENTS Page
8. ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS & COMMON ASPECTS 2
8.1 General 2
8.2 Climatic Environmental Characteristics 2
8.2.1 General 2
8.2.2 Operating Characteristics 3
8.2.3 Storage and Transport Characteristics 5
8.3 Electrical Environmental Characteristics 6
8.3.1 Static Electricity 6
8.3.2 Electromagnetic Waves 6
8.3.3 Interference on Power Feed Lines 6
8.3.4 Overvoltage Protection 7
8.4 Common Aspect 8
8.4.1 Safety 8
8.4.2 Human Engineering 9
8.4.3 Maintenance and Repair 9
8.4.4 Expandability 11
8.4.5 System Life Time 11
8.4.6 Components 12
8.4.7 Testing 13
8.4.8 Marking 13
8.4.9 Changeable Marking 13
8.4.10 Mechanical Dimensions 14
8.4.11 Power Supplies 14
8. E̲N̲V̲I̲R̲O̲N̲M̲E̲N̲T̲A̲L̲ ̲C̲H̲A̲R̲A̲C̲T̲E̲R̲I̲S̲T̲I̲C̲S̲ ̲A̲N̲D̲ ̲C̲O̲M̲M̲O̲N̲ ̲A̲S̲P̲E̲C̲T̲S̲
8.1 G̲e̲n̲e̲r̲a̲l̲
The Christian Rovsing equipment will be designed,manufactured,tested,
and installed according to the prevailing CR Standards
and Specifications.
Unless otherwise stated, the Christian Rovsing equipment
will furthermore be in accordance with the CCITT recommendations
specified in the Christian Rovsing Technical Specification
at the issue applicable at the time of tender.
8.2 C̲l̲i̲m̲a̲t̲i̲c̲ ̲E̲n̲v̲i̲r̲o̲n̲m̲e̲n̲t̲a̲l̲ ̲C̲h̲a̲r̲a̲c̲t̲e̲r̲i̲s̲t̲i̲c̲s̲
8.2.1 G̲e̲n̲e̲r̲a̲l̲
The equipment is designed and constructed to be used
in normal office environments or air conditioned computer
rooms.
8.2.2 O̲p̲e̲r̲a̲t̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲C̲h̲a̲r̲a̲c̲t̲e̲r̲i̲s̲t̲i̲c̲s̲
These limits apply to the equipment installed as specified
and operating or under maintenance in a normal office
or computer room environment:
Room Temperature: 15 deg C - 32 deg C
Temperature Change: Less than 6 deg C/hour
Relative Humidity: 20% RH - 80% RH non-con-
densing
Humidity Change: Less than 10% RH/hour
Absolute Humidity: Less than 22g H…0f…2…0e…O/m…0e…3…0f… air
Altitude: 0-2000m
…02…Sinusodial Vibration: Accelaration amplitude of
0.2
g
limited
by
a
maximum
displacement amplitude
of
0.02mm in the frequency
range 5-150Hz
Mechanical Shock: Shock accelaration amplitude
of 1g with 10 mS half-sine
pulse. Not to be repeated
more often than one per
ten seconds.
The units are furthermore able to withstand normal
use and handling during service and maintenance periods.
The different pieces of equipment are designed to operate
in the comparatively benign environment in normal offices
or computer rooms. They are therefore able to tolerate
normal amounts of dust and sand.
The CR80 equipment itself is very insensitive to normal
amounts of dust and sand. The only moving parts are
fan motors and switches, which are all of the encapsulated
type.…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02… …02…
The peripheral devices like printers and disc drivers
contain more moving parts, and are therefore basically
more sensitive to dust and sand. To avoid problems
these units are therefore supplied with appropriate
air filters and dust covers.
In case of high contents of dust and sand the maintenance
intervals between cleaning and replacement of air filters
must be shortened.
The equipment will not be discoloured or emit harmful
substances when exposed to light or normal heating
sources below 70 deg C.
All metal parts are adequately protected against corrosion
in a normal office environment by means of suitable
forms of painting and plating.
8.2.3 S̲t̲o̲r̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲T̲r̲a̲n̲s̲p̲o̲r̲t̲ ̲C̲h̲a̲r̲a̲c̲t̲e̲r̲i̲s̲t̲i̲c̲s̲
These limits apply to equipment properly packed for
storage and transport.
Temperature: -40 deg C to 70 deg C.
Relative Humidity: 10%RH - 90%RH, non-condensing
Absolute Humidity: 0.1g H…0f…2…0e…O/m…0e…3…0f… - 35g H…0f…2…0e…O/m…0e…3…0f…
Altitude: 0-10000 m
Sinusodial Vibration: Accelaration amplitude of
1.5 g limited by a displacement
amplitude of 10 mm in the
frequency range 5-150 Hz.
Mechanical Shock: Shock accelaration amplitude
of 25g with 10mS half-sine
pulse.
Note: These limits apply to the outer surfaces of the packaging
container, not to the equipment inside.
During transport and storage the equipment will be
properly protected against attacks from fungi,insects
and rodents by the packaging material.
Furthermore, the inherent properties of the different
materials will also prevent such attacks on the equipment
because they do not contain natural rubber,natural
fibres etc.
8.3. E̲l̲e̲c̲t̲r̲i̲c̲a̲l̲ ̲E̲n̲v̲i̲r̲o̲n̲m̲e̲n̲t̲a̲l̲ ̲C̲h̲a̲r̲a̲c̲t̲e̲r̲i̲s̲t̲i̲c̲s̲
8.3.1 S̲t̲a̲t̲i̲c̲ ̲E̲l̲e̲c̲t̲r̲i̲c̲i̲t̲y̲
All the equipment will perform their intended functions
in a normal ESD environment. In order to reduce the
risk of ESD-induced failures however, high-insulating
floors should be avoided, and semiconducting floors
should be used instead.
The equipment will normally not be affected by a discharge
through 500 Ohm from a 150 pF capacitor charged to
5kV.
8.3.2 E̲l̲e̲c̲t̲r̲o̲m̲a̲g̲n̲e̲t̲i̲c̲ ̲W̲a̲v̲e̲s̲
The equipment will function according to the specifications
when exposed to an electromagnetic field of 1V/m in
the frequency range from 30 MHz to 500 MHz.
The equipment will not radiate electromagnetic waves
stronger than specified in CISPR B (secr)16.
8.3.3 I̲n̲t̲e̲r̲f̲e̲r̲e̲n̲c̲e̲ ̲o̲n̲ ̲P̲o̲w̲e̲r̲ ̲F̲e̲e̲d̲ ̲L̲i̲n̲e̲s̲
The equipment is as standard designed to be fed from
110 V AC source.
All the equipment is supplied with siutable mains filters
and are able to sustain noise pulses on main wires
with amplitudes less than 1000V and rise time longer
than 35nS, pulse duration 0.1 uS to 10uS and repetition
rate less than one per second.
The equipment will not emit more interference voltage
on the mains wires than specified in CISPR B (secr)
16.…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02… …02…
8.3.4 O̲v̲e̲r̲v̲o̲l̲t̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲P̲r̲o̲t̲e̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
The equipment is not connected directly to the signalling
lines, but to other equipment which then interfaces
to the lines. It is therefore not necessary to provide
the equipment with special line overvoltage protection
circuitry.
8.4 C̲o̲m̲m̲o̲n̲ ̲A̲s̲p̲e̲c̲t̲s̲
8.4.1 S̲a̲f̲e̲t̲y̲
The CR equipment is designed to meet the requirements
of IEC 435, Safety of Data Processing Equipment and
the Danish Safety Regulations.
Human Safety considerations have been taken into account
to protect the operating and maintenance personnel
against dangerous voltage levels or items with high
temperature by means of suitable protective covering
and warning labels. The equipment has also been designed
to eliminate the possibility of physichal injury to
the personnel under normal opertaing and maintenance
conditions..
Equipment Safety has been taken into account by inherent
protection against overcurrent and other dangerous
error conditions.
The equipment will not emit dangerous fumes when exposed
to light or normal heating sources below 70 deg C.
The equipment is manufactured from self-extinguishing
materials, but it may still be involved in a fire accident,
in which case the equipment will not give off more
poisonous gases than electronic equipment or building
materials normally do.
The acoustic noise emitted from the fan unit or other
units like terminals and disc drives will not exceed
70dB(A) re 20uPa measured in a distance of 2m under
free-field conditions.
8.4.2 H̲u̲m̲a̲n̲ ̲E̲n̲g̲i̲n̲e̲e̲r̲i̲n̲g̲
The equipment is designed with great emphasis on human
engineering aspects to ease the normal use,maintenance
and repair. The basic design is therefore a modular
self-contained construction where all normally used
fuses,switches,controls and displays are located is
such a way as to make them easily accesible on front
or near panels. The colour of LED indicators are standardised,
Red means alarm or error, Yellow is a status indicator
and Green means Power On or Working.
8.4.3 M̲a̲i̲n̲t̲e̲n̲a̲n̲c̲e̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲R̲e̲p̲a̲i̲r̲
In the design of the equipment great emphasis has been
put on maintenance. Meaning that the system can be
changed, updated or repaired without affecting the
traffic handling.
Repais is very easy due to the modular construction
where a module can be exchanged without use of special
tools. All the modules except the direct interface
to the lines can be changed without affecting the operation
due to the redundancy. This is applicable for both
the central processor and the input/output system.
The design is based upon distributed processing with
processors in more levels from the CR80 central processor
configuration to the LTU's. Besides the operational
work performed by the different processors in the system
these are also running tests to ensure proper system
operation. The principle used in the design of programs
is to a great extent based upon built-in test, meaning
that the modules will perform a self-test when requested
from the central processor and present a status specifying
the result of the test.
If a failing module is detected, it will, if possible,
be bypassed and the type and exact position of the
module will be printed out on the system console so
that it can be replaced by means of an operator. In
addition to the console print-out specifying the location
of the failing module, most of the modules have built-in
light emitting diodes on the front panel which shows
the status of the module (operating or faulty).
When used, test points will be located at easily accessible
places on front panels etc. Sensitiive test points
are protected if misuse can cause serious disturbance.
Due to the extensive use of microprocessors the system
can perform basic operations; even if a major part
of the hardware is out of service.
The modules are self-contained mechanical units which
slide into the frame aligned by the frame itself so
that the contacts are not damaged when modules are
replaced.
On the mechanics used for alignment no limit for exchange
of modules exists. The connectors used for interfacing
the modules to the remaining part of the system, normally
edge connectors, are a high quality type which allow
for more than 500 module exchanges.…86…1 …02… …02…
…02… …02… …02…
8.4.4 E̲x̲p̲a̲n̲d̲i̲b̲i̲l̲i̲t̲y̲
The systems are of a modular construction, where the
modules are mechanical self-contained circuit-boards
operating in accordance with a set of interface specifications
which are completely independent of the actual design
and technology used for implementing the modules' function.
This means that system extension is very easy to perform
just by adding the required hardware modules, crates,
and racks.
8.4.5 S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲L̲i̲f̲e̲ ̲T̲i̲m̲e̲
As mentioned above, the modules in the system are designed
to be compatible with a set of interface specifications
which covers mechanical, electrical, and functional
interfaces thereby allowing the modules to be changed
with modules of a new generation without adjustments
and without affecting the remaining part of the system
soft- or hardware.
By using this approach in the complete hardware, central
processor and interface modules, procurement of new
modules for system expansion, and spare parts are not
dependent on one single manufacturer or a specific
component and can therefore be guaranteed during the
long lifetime of the system.…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
…02…
8.4.6 C̲o̲m̲p̲o̲n̲e̲n̲t̲s̲
The CR80 equipment is designed and produced according
to detailed internal standards and procedures. This
practice yields a product of high quality and reliability,which
has been produced and delivered to several military
systems.
The components used in the design are standard components
available from more than one manufacturer and to a
great extent MIL-specified and used in military projects
all over the world which ensures that the components
will be available on the market during the lifetime
of the system.
The critical components are tested to be in accordance
with the procurement specification, either by the component
manufacturer or by special test houses like the Danish
Elektronikcentralen.
The electrical design is performed in accordance with
CR internal standards which ensures that no component
in the system is overexposed to stressful conditions
or used under conditions for which the component is
not intended, thus securing a very low module failure
rate.
The only expendable items are things like air filters,
fuses and indicator lamps. They are all standard types
which are readily available.
8.4.7 T̲e̲s̲t̲i̲n̲g̲
In addition to the test performed on the components
all units are tested before release from the production
to comply with the specifications for the unit. This
test which to a great extent is based upon automatic
test equipment, includes a burn-in test to ensure that
the initial, comparitively high, failure rate for components
is removed before the units are released.
When the units are released they will be tested at
system level before shipment. Upon arrival to the site,
the units will be installed and integrated in the system
and thereafter be subject to extensive tests at system
level.
Coding straps and jumpers are mounted during the unit
production and test phase according to the actual system
requirements.
8.4.8 M̲a̲r̲k̲i̲n̲g̲
All plug-in units, connectors, test points, fuses,
switches, indicators, etc will be given suitable marking
identification to ensure efficient and reliable maintenance
and repair. The markings will sustain normal cleaning
agents, and will therefore still be legible after installation
and testing has been effected.
8.4.9 C̲h̲a̲n̲g̲e̲a̲b̲l̲e̲ ̲M̲a̲r̲k̲i̲n̲g̲s̲
The different systems and subsystems will be individually
marked with the system nomenclature and designation
to facilitate identification during maintenance and
repair.…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02… …02…
8.4.10 M̲e̲c̲h̲a̲n̲i̲c̲a̲l̲ ̲D̲i̲m̲e̲n̲s̲i̲o̲n̲s̲
The standard rack dimensions are:
- Height: 1800 mm
- Width: 600 mm
- Depth: 1050 mm
The actual system dimensions and lay-out are described
in section 3.
8.4.11 P̲o̲w̲e̲r̲ ̲S̲u̲p̲p̲l̲i̲e̲s̲
The equipment is as standard designed to be fed from
110V AC source with the following characteristics:
Voltage: 110V, +7%, -10%
Frequency: 60Hz, +0.5%, -1.0Hz
Limits of superimposed interference voltage will be
as described earlier in 8.3.
