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III DEFENSE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
AT
CHRISTIAN ROVSING A/S
D. UPGRADE OF A TACTICAL CCIS SYSTEM
CCIS CASE HISTORY
HAWK CONVERTER
H̲A̲W̲K̲ ̲C̲O̲N̲V̲E̲R̲T̲E̲R̲
1. O̲B̲J̲E̲C̲T̲I̲V̲E̲
The basic Improved HAWK (IHAWK) missile system for
air defense has been operational since 1960, using
a Missile Battery Data Link (MBDL) protocol for communication
between the B̲attery O̲perating C̲enter (BOC) and IHAWK
batteries. To take advantage of numerous advances
in technology, a new HAWK improvement program (PIP)
was initiated. This program resulted in a superior
protocol with expanded information capabilities, the
A̲rmy T̲actical D̲ata L̲ink (ATDL) protocol for inter-battery
communication. (This improvement program does not include
changes to the Battery Operating Center).
To enable inter-communication between batteries - using
the ATDL protocol and communication with old Battery
Operating Center - accepting only the MBDL protocol,
an A̲TDL M̲BDL C̲onverter (AMC) was designed. The AMC,
implemented by a CR80 computer, is located in the same
shelter as the Battery Operating Center.
As the installation in the mobile shelter imposes some
environmental requirements that are more severe than
usually improsed on normal computer equipment, a major
objective has also been to provide equipment that can
operate under such conditions.
2. B̲E̲N̲E̲F̲I̲T̲S̲
The benefits obtained by use of the ATDL/MBDL converter
are:
- The PIP modified IHAWK batteries can be controlled
from an unmodified Battery Operating Center.
- Information received from one battery is forwarded
to all other batteries; this enables a more detailed
information exchange between the batteries.
3. S̲Y̲S̲T̲E̲M̲ ̲F̲U̲N̲C̲T̲I̲O̲N̲S̲
The Basic IHAWK configuration, shown in figure 1, provides
communication between the Battery Operating Center
(BOC) and up to 8 IHAWK batteries by means of the Missile
Battery Data Link (MBDL), which has the relatively
limited message structure consisting of:
o REFERENCE MSG - from BOC to battery
o DESIGNATE MSG - from BOC to battery
o STATUS MSG - to BOC from battery
The REFERENCE MSG provides target coordinates and is
entered by track/ball control of the cursor on a Plane
Position Indicator (PPI) diaplay.
The DESIGNATE MSG is sent by pressing one of several
possible buttons on a panel in front of the operator,
e.g. the FIRE button.
The STATUS MSG returns information from batteries to
the BOC by lighted status lamps on the panel in front
of the operator, e.g. EFFECTIVE.
After the PIP improvement of the IHAWK batteries, however,
communication with these batteries is performed by
means of the Army Tactical Data Link (ATDL) protocol
which provides a superior data link with expanded information
capabilities - see figure 2.
The ATDL message types used for communication with
PIP modified IHAWK batteries are:
- TEST MESSAGE which provides the means to monitor
the status of a point-to-point data link
- DATA REFERENCE MESSAGE which identifies the originator
and his position
- AIR TRACK POSITION MESSAGE which is used to report
position, identity, and status of air tracks.
- AIR POSITION AMPLIFY MESSAGE which is used to give
additional information concerning an air track.
- SPECIAL POINT POSITION MESSAGE which is used to
report position and identification of special points
- ECM DATA MESSAGE which is used to report ECM jam
strobes
- IFF/SIF MESSAGE to report IFF/SIF of an air track
- STATUS MESSAGE to report status of the originator
- COMMAND MESSAGE to give a command to the addresse
- TRACK MANAGEMENT MESSAGE which provides those management
actions necessary to control the data exchange.
As the PIP modified batteries are capable of receiving,
storing, and displaying airtrack information received
on the data link, information of this kind received
from any of the batteries is stored in the converter
and forwarded to all other batteries.
4. E̲Q̲U̲I̲P̲M̲E̲N̲T̲ ̲D̲E̲S̲I̲G̲N̲
The ATDL MBDL Converter is implemented on a CR80 computer.
The interfaces to the BOC and to the PIP modified IHAWK
batteries are shown in figure 3. This figure also shows
the hardware modules used to implement the converter.
In addition to standard processing modules, the design
includes some special modules:
- The MBDL Modem I/F and the ATDL Modem are modules
designed to meet the special modulation requirements
of the two protocols.
- The L̲ine T̲ermination U̲nits (LTUs) are programable
modules, where the special frame formats of the
two protocols are implem,ented.
The Operators Panel is a wall-mounted unit installed
next to the BOC operator, is used to enter special
information required by the AMC into the system and
to display conflicts and line status to the operator.
A modular concept is also used for the software design;
the software block diagram is shown in fig. 4. The
AMC software provides two possibilities for module
communication, which are:
- Send Message/Await Answer
- Send Buffer/Receive Buffer
The first possibility is flexible, can be used for
ATDL/MBDL message transport, and allows synchronous
operation. The second possibility, used only for ATDL
message transport, provides high speed communication.
A queue priority system prevents dead locks and guarantees
efficient communication. Four priorities are provided:
- Line Surveillance Module (highest priority)
- Command/Status Handler
- ATDL track file Manager
- ATDL Message Sequencer (lowest priority)
Higher priority functions may interrupt lower priority
functions, but the lowest priority - ATDL Message Se-
quencer - cannot be interrupted; this guarantees complete
transmission of all message segments concerning one
track.
Finally, a data base is provided for storage of track
information, battery status and line status. The storage
provided to meet the requirements of the batteries
is much greater than the number of tracks which the
operator can physically input and update at the existing
BOC.
5. E̲X̲P̲A̲N̲D̲A̲B̲I̲L̲I̲T̲Y̲
At present within the BOC shelter, the expanded message
structure provided by the ATDL link is internal to
the AMC and, therefore, not available to the operator
of the BOC.
It is relatively simple, however, to provide the operator
with all information carried by the ATDL link by addition
of a display interface to the AMC, and by installation
of a display capable of showing the information. Rapid
data transfer from the AMC to the display interface
could be handled by a Direct Memory Access (DMA) link,
and display communication would be by standard V24
serial link. An improved BOC configuration is shown
in figure 5.
Figure 1
TITLE "MAJOR POINT"
Figure 2
TITLE "MAJOR POINT"
Figure 3
TITLE "MAJOR POINT"
Figure 4
TITLE "MAJOR POINT"
Figure 5
TITLE "MAJOR POINT"
