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VOLUME II
1982-02-16
CORPORATE CAPABILITIES
Page 1
VOLUME II
CORPORATE CAPABILITIES
C R O S S F O X
MESSAGE PROCESSING FACILITY
CHRISTIAN ROVSING A/S
BALLERUP, DENMARK
T̲A̲B̲L̲E̲ ̲O̲F̲ ̲C̲O̲N̲T̲E̲N̲T̲S̲
1. CHRISTIAN ROVSING A/S ........................
1
1.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................
1
1.2 CORPORATE HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION ........
3
1.2.1 Introduction to Christian Rovsing A/S .
3
1.2.2 Corporate History .....................
8
1.2.3 Company Organization ..................
9
1.2.3.1 The Electronics Division ..........
12
1.2.3.2 The Systems Division ..............
13
1.2.3.3 The Data Processing Division ......
17
1.2.4 Personnel and Facilities ..............
19
1.2.4.1 Employee Profile ..................
19
1.2.4.2 Facilities ........................
19
1.3 FINANCIAL STATUS ..........................
21
1.3.1 1980 Annual Report Excerpt ............
21
1.3.2 Statement of Income ...................
21
1.3.3 Balance Sheet .........................
22
1.3.4 Key Figures over Four Years ...........
22
2. RELEVANT EXPERIENCE ..........................
23
2.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................
23
2.2 INVOLVEMENT IN DATA COMMUNICATION .........
23
2.3 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR CONTRACTS ............
28
2.3.1 NICS-TARE .............................
29
2.3.2 FIKS ..................................
34
2.3 3 CAMPS .................................
39
2.3.4 LME-NET ...............................
45
2.3.5 HAWK Converter ........................
49
2.3.5.1 Introduction ......................
49
2.3.5.2 Interface Description .............
50
2.3.5.3 Environmental Description .........
50
2.3.6 ADA Compiler ..........................
53
3 LOGISTICS SUPPORT AND CAPABILITIES ........ 83
3.1 Organization .......................... 83
3.2 Installation Service .................. 85
3.2.1 Site Preparation and Verification . 85
3.2.2 Transportation and Installation ... 85
3.2.3 Packaging Requirements ............ 86
3.3 Maintenance and Support ............... 86
3.3.1 Maintenance ....................... 86
3.3.2 Field Support ..................... 86
3.3.3 Spares Management ................. 87
3.3.4 Codification of Supply Items ...... 87
3.3.5 Tools and Test Equipment .......... 87
3.3.6 Failure Reporting ................. 87
3.4 Training and Documentation ............ 88
3.4.1 Organization ...................... 88
3.4.2 Training Courses .................. 88
3.4.3 Manuals and Handbooks ............. 89
1̲.̲ ̲ ̲C̲h̲r̲i̲s̲t̲i̲a̲n̲ ̲R̲o̲v̲s̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲A̲/̲S̲
1.1 I̲n̲t̲r̲o̲d̲u̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
The decision to bid the Cross Fox/Message Processing
Facility (MPF) represents a definite commitment on
the part of Christian Rovsing to devote its resources
and technical talents to specialized computer system
applications. For the past six years, a large percentage
of Christian Rovsing resources has been devoted towards
advanced data communications systems. The company
has participated in several major programs, either
as prime contractor or principal sub-contractor. System
contracts awarded to the company are typically worth
several millions of dollars. Considerable experience
in the field of data communications combined with our
experience in the management of large computer system
projects provides a solid basis for successful design
and implementation of the Cross Fox/ MPF. Responsibility
for major computer systems, particularly for military
customers such as NATO-SHAPE, has demanded a professional
approach to turn-key project management with particular
emphasis on planning and documentation in all phases
from system design and development through production,
integration, installation, maintenance and training.
Each major project at Christian Rovsing is under the
cognizance of a Project Office with total system responsibility
and control authority to co-ordinate in-house activities
and to provide close liaison with the customer throughout
the duration of the project. Thus an administratively
distinct Project office will be established in the
Systems Division of Christian Rovsing to manage the
MPF project. The Systems Division has been specially
structured to consolidate management of significant
computer projects.
MPF implementation will be based on the CR80 computer
which is produced by the Electronics Division of Christian
Rovsing. Production facilities in the Electronics
Division belong to the most modern to be found, and
they have recently been expanded to allow
production of the latest CR80M version of the CR80.
Improvements in technology and the demands for more
powerful and reliable computer architectures with high
growth potential have led to the introduction of the
CR80M. More than 200 CR80M systems are currently on
order from major customers such as NATO, ICL and L.M.
Ericsson.
The MPF project will be supported by the Integrated
Logistics Support Group which provides services including
site surveys, installation, training, documentation
preparation, maintenance, spares and other support
services. This group is part of the Systems Division.
In the following sections, the company will be presented
in detail - its history, organisation, and financial
status. Then our involvement in Data Communication
will be discussed and relevant projects undertaken,
related to the scope of the MPF, will be outlined.
Finally, procedures for management and logistics support
and services are descriped.
1.2 C̲O̲R̲P̲O̲R̲A̲T̲E̲ ̲H̲I̲S̲T̲O̲R̲Y̲ ̲A̲N̲D̲ ̲O̲R̲G̲A̲N̲I̲Z̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
1.2.1 I̲n̲t̲r̲o̲d̲u̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲t̲o̲ ̲C̲h̲r̲i̲s̲t̲i̲a̲n̲ ̲R̲o̲v̲s̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲A̲/̲S̲
Christian Rovsing is Denmark's fastest growing high-technology
computer and aerospace-electronics company. Founded
18 years ago, Christian Rovsing and its subsidiaries
currently employ over 600 people, many of whom are
highly educated engineers and skilled technicians.
In recent years, the company's growth rate has approached
30% annually, due in large measure to its advanced,
high-technology CR80 Computer product line and the
excellence of its systems-orientated technical staff.
Today, Christian Rovsing stands as one of Europe's
leading computer systems houses, capable of taking
responsibilty of all aspects of hardware/software projects
from concept through implementation to final acceptance.
Facilities are located in suburban Copenhagen at three
locations - Ballerup, Herlev, and Valby. The administration
and general management are located at the Ballerup
facility.
Christian Rovsing's corporate facilities and divisional
organization have been specifically structured to handle
development and implementation of specialized military
and commercial computer systems. There are three engineering
divisions - electronics, systems, and data processing
- and inter-divisional cooperation is stressed to ensure
available project expertise.
In the following four figures are shown:
o Engineering Facilities at Ballerup
o Computer Production Facilities
o Company Organization
o Company Crowth Profile
Fig. 1.2-3
Fig. 1.2-4
Fig. 1.2-5
1.2.2 C̲o̲r̲p̲o̲r̲a̲t̲e̲ ̲H̲i̲s̲t̲o̲r̲y̲
Founded 18 years ago, Christian Rovsing and its subsidiaries
currently employ over 600 people. In recent years,
the company's growth rate has approach 30% annually,
due in large measure to its advanced, high-technology
CR80 Computer product line and the excellence of its
design and systems oriented technical staff.
Around 1971, a deliberate commitment was made by the
company to devote its resources to the European space
program. It has since participated in most major programs,
and successful participation in these programs has
broadened the company's resources. The high degree
of performance which these programs demand has been
met by applying up-to-date technology, specialized
hardware and software engineering expertize, and modern
management methods.
The experience gained from engagement in the European
space program was an important factor in winning a
contract with Delco Electronics Inc. to co-produce
their Fire Control Computer as part of the 4-nation
European F-16 Program. The Fire Control Computer is
the only "end-item" co-produced in Denmark and is delivered
directly to the F-16 assembly lines in Europe or the
U.S.A.
For the design and production of switching power supplies
to the European Space Program, we have developed an
advanced technology and sophisticated design philosophy
which can be applied to the solution of complex power
supply problems. Several patents are held by the company
relating to power supply circuit design.
In the mid-seventies the company decided to enter the
data communications market. It has since participated
in critical computer communications-oriented programs
for both commercial and defense customers, with such
projects as CAMPS, FIKS and LME-Network.
Christian Rovsing believes that it has available exceptional,
professional talent dedicated to advanced electronics
techniques. Furthermore, the company excels in applying
current technology to modular equipment design and
has no outdated product lines to support.
In short, Christian Rovsing has acquired extensive
experience in the design, development, and manufacture
of computer and aerospace electronics.
1.2.3 C̲o̲m̲p̲a̲n̲y̲ ̲O̲r̲g̲a̲n̲i̲z̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
Christian Rovsing was founded in 1963, and at the start
the company worked mainly in a consulting and advisory
capacity within the field of EDP. Activities developed
rapidly, and the business gradually changed character
from consultancy to supplier of EDP system. By 1970,
the company employed 70 and was organized into an EDP
Division and an Electronics Division. Today, the company
employs over 600.
Christian Rovsing is wholly owned by Danish nationals
and conducts its business without the aid of public
funds and is independent of foreign capital. For further
information, the company annual report is available.
Management of the Company is in the hands of Messrs.
Christian F. Rovsing, Claus Jepsen and Lars Stig Nielsen.
Mr. Rovsing is the President and the founder of the
company. He is a member of many government and industrial
committees as well as professional societies related
to research and data processing.
Today, there are three major divisions within the company
(see figure 1.2-1)
o Data Processing Division
o Electronics Division
o Systems Division
and three wholly owned subsidiaries:
o Christian Rovsing Corporation (Los Angeles, California)
supports the mother company in major contracts
with North American customers and has its own software
development center.
o Christian Rovsing International located in Copenhagen
delivers computer systems for communication networks
and process control and contracts staff to large
international customers.
o CR Card System located in Copenhagen delivers electronic
systems for the automation of gasoline (petrol)
stations.
The Data Processing Division is located in a 5,000
sq. meter leased facility in Herlev, near Copenhagen.
The Electronics and Systems Divisions are based in
a newly constructed 12,000 sq. meter facility in Ballerup,
also near Copenhagen.
The Administration and General Management are located
in the Ballerup facility.
The Ballerup location houses development laboratories,
the main production and test department, a model shop
and special "clean room" facilities for the production
of space-qualified hardware.
A separate, dedicated facility has also been established
for the co-production of the airborne FCC computer
for the European F-16 program. It is located about
10 Km from the main Ballerup facility.
In the following sub-secions, details of the three
major divisions are provided
Fig. 1.2-1
1.2.3.1 T̲h̲e̲ ̲E̲l̲e̲c̲t̲r̲o̲n̲i̲c̲s̲ ̲D̲i̲v̲i̲s̲i̲o̲n̲
The Electronics Division develops and manufactures
electronic products based on both digital and analogue
technology.
The Electronics Division has overall responsibility
for the CR80 Product Line. The division consists of
Hardware Engineering, System Software, Production,
Aerospace Systems Department, and a Product Development
Support group.
Hardware Engineering develops all modular elements
of the CR80 including CPU's, memories, data exchanges,
and peripherals. A specialised group, Microprocessor
Systems, is dedicated to the application of LSI to
elements of the distributed architecture of the CR80.
Advanced engineering projects are also assigned to
this department. An example is the DORA project, a
computer-controlled system for the compilation, editing
and operation of Denmark's TV news and sports service.
System Software, as the name implies, develops and
releases standard software for the CR80 product line.
In addition to operating systems, file management,
diagnostics, compilers, and utility programs, this
department supports custom applications with on-line
operational programs.
The Production Department controls the efficient production
of CR80 computers and associated equipment. Production
capacity is currently 300 CR80 computers per year and
is expected to be 1000 per year in 1982.
The Aerospace Systems Department is responsible for
the design and development of space/flight electronics
and switched power electronics. Our company is a qualified
supplier for flight hardware for spacecraft and launchers
to the European Space Agency, and we are currently
producing equipment for 12 satellites and the ARIANE
launcher in our clean-room facilities.
Product Development and Support specializes in the
design of OEM equipment, adapting CR80 computer hardware
to interface with other manufacturer's systems. The
department includes LSI custom design facilities. It
is currently engaged in the design and marketing of
self-contained microcomputer systems for industrial
alarm and process control applications.
As with other divisions, a separate Quality Assurance
group reports directly to top-level management. It
monitors hardware reliability and maintainability continuously.
The organization of the Electronics Division is shown
in fig. 1.2-2.
1.2.3.2 T̲h̲e̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲s̲ ̲D̲i̲v̲i̲s̲i̲o̲n̲
The Systems Division was structured late in 1979, and
systems-related activities were consolidated to improve
the handling of large, integrated hardware/software
data communications programs. The division is organised
on a project basis including CAMPS and FIKS, two major
military communication projects. Each major project
is under the cognizance of a Project Office with total
system responsibility and control authority to co-ordinate
in-house activities, and to provide close liaison with
the customer throughout the duration of the Project.
Projects are supported by the Integrated Logstics Department.
Its services include site surveys, installation, training,
documentation, maintenance, spares and other support.
Advanced system development projects are assigned to
the Computer Systems Engineering Group. Current projects
include satellite image-data handling systems and miscellaneous
consulting services.
The Systems Division is also responsible for contract
performance in conjunction with Danish Industrial Group
One on the production and delivery of some 400 military-qualified
computers for the F-16 project. A complete computer
is produced each workday.
Quality Assurance reports directly to top-level management.
Emphasis is placed on the quality of the hardware and
of the software, both of which affect system performance.
The organization of the Systems Division is shown in
figure 1.2-3.
Figure 1.2-2
Fig. 1.2-3
1.2.3.3 T̲h̲e̲ ̲D̲a̲t̲a̲ ̲P̲r̲o̲c̲e̲s̲s̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲D̲i̲v̲i̲s̲i̲o̲n̲
The Data Processing Division employs about 150 people
of whom 80 work within the data service bureau - Christian
Rovsing Data Services-CRDS.
CRDS is one of Denmark's largest data services utilizing
two IBM-370's and two Burroughs-6700's at its central
computer installation. Access to the service bureau
is via several hundred direct and dial up lines forming
a large private network which stretches from Oslo and
Stockholm in the north to Frankfurt and Vienna in the
south.
The division has a separate consulting department which
gives assistance to clients outside CRDS. This department
advises on the application of data processing to organizations
and work on systems development and programming for
both technical and administrative business.
The Technical Computer Applications Department employs
almost exclusively engineers and software specialists
and works with projects in data-communications, automation
and process control, and medical systems.
The Business Systems Department delivers small computer
based business systems for inventory control, wage
and salary control, accounting systems, etc.
Many projects within the Data Processing Division are
carried out in co-operation with other suppliers, whereby
the customer can be offered complete turn-key systems.
The organization of the Data Processing Division is
shown in fig. 1.2-4
Fig. 1.2-4
1.2.4 Personnel and Facilities
1.2.4.1 E̲m̲p̲l̲o̲y̲e̲e̲ ̲P̲r̲o̲f̲i̲l̲e̲
The company and its subsidiaries employ over 600 persons.
Approximate staffing levels are as follows:
o Engineering and/or Scientific Professionals
240
o Technicians
130
o Assembly/Production Workers
70
o Q.A. & Inspection
15
o Administrative and clerical
160
1.2.4.2 F̲a̲c̲i̲l̲i̲t̲i̲e̲s̲
The company has 2 major facilities:
o A 5500 sq. meter (59,000 sq.ft.) leased facility
in Herlev, near Copenhagen.
o A 12000 sq. meter (128,500 sq.ft.) wholly owned
facility in Ballerup near Copenhagen.
A separate, dedicated facility (1,000 sq. m./10,700
sq.ft.) has been established for the co-production
of the F-16 FCC (computer). This facility is located
in Valby, which is about 10 Km from Ballerup.
Approximate break-down of floor area by function in
the 2 major facilities is as follows:
C̲a̲t̲e̲g̲o̲r̲y̲ S̲q̲.̲ ̲M̲e̲t̲e̲r̲s̲ S̲q̲.̲
̲F̲t̲.̲
o General Manufacturing 2,500 26,900
o "Space Qualified"
clean room 200 2,200
o Test & Integration areas 2,500 26,900
o Laboratories 3,000 32,000
o Other 9,300 99,500
1.3 F̲I̲N̲A̲N̲C̲I̲A̲L̲ ̲S̲T̲A̲T̲U̲S̲
1.3.1 E̲x̲c̲e̲r̲p̲t̲ ̲f̲r̲o̲m̲ ̲t̲h̲e̲ ̲1̲9̲8̲0̲ ̲C̲h̲r̲i̲s̲t̲i̲a̲n̲ ̲R̲o̲v̲s̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲A̲n̲n̲u̲a̲l̲ ̲R̲e̲p̲o̲r̲t̲
There was continued expansion in 1980 with sales increasing
from 106.4 million D.Kr. in 1979 to 144.8 million Dkr.,
a rise of 36 percent. Thus, 1980 was the seventh year
in succession to show a rise in sales of more than
20 percent. Exports at 60.4 million D.kr. accounted
for more than 40 per-cent of sales. The consolidated
net profit was 5.9 million D.kr.
1.3.2 S̲t̲a̲t̲e̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲o̲f̲ ̲I̲n̲c̲o̲m̲e̲ ̲(̲1̲0̲0̲0̲ ̲D̲k̲r̲.̲)̲
1980
1979
Export sales 60,375 42,472
Home market sales 84,465 63,925
Total Turnover 144,840 106,397
Expenditure:
Materials, wages, etc. 140,294 96,074
Depreciation 4,531
4,052
Interest (Income) (3,720)
131
Operational result 3,735
6,140
Result, subsidiary
companies 2,192
162
Net result 5,927
6,302
1.3.3 B̲a̲l̲a̲n̲c̲e̲ ̲S̲h̲e̲e̲t̲ ̲(̲1̲0̲0̲0̲ ̲D̲k̲r̲.̲)̲
1980
1979
A̲s̲s̲e̲t̲s̲:̲
Available assets 149
97
Accounts receivable 66,193 24,656
Work in progress,
Inventory 13,888
8,743
Fixed assets 30,575 14,513
Total assets 110,805 48,009
L̲i̲a̲b̲i̲l̲i̲t̲i̲e̲s̲:̲
Payables & prepayments 64,246
14,741
Taxes payable 3,560
1,801
Bank Loans, etc. 25,577 19,972
Total liabilities 93,383 36,514
Own capital: 17,422 11,495
Specified as follows:
Share capital 2,000
2,000
Statutory reserve funds 500
500
Extra reserves 200
200
Reserve funds 14,722
8,795
1.3.4 K̲e̲y̲ ̲F̲i̲g̲u̲r̲e̲s̲ ̲f̲o̲r̲ ̲t̲h̲e̲ ̲P̲a̲s̲t̲ ̲F̲o̲u̲r̲ ̲Y̲e̲a̲r̲s̲ ̲(̲1̲0̲0̲0̲.̲ ̲D̲.̲k̲r̲.̲)̲
1977 1978 1979 1980
Turnover 66,210 86,010 106,397 144,840
Operational
result 1,871 2,120 6,302 5,927
Number of
employees
(average) 226 285 334 431
Total assets 24,144 36,073 53,824 110,805
Own capital 3,187 5,193 11,495 17,422
2̲.̲ ̲ ̲R̲E̲L̲E̲V̲A̲N̲T̲ ̲E̲X̲P̲E̲R̲I̲E̲N̲C̲E̲
2.1 I̲N̲T̲R̲O̲D̲U̲C̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
Christian Rovsing has considerable experience in the
field of data communication, reliable and flexible
computer systems, and management of significant computer
system projects. These skills and know-how have been
developed over many years, and during the last 6 years
we have carried out extensive programs in the field
of data communication.
The following section will demonstrate that Christian
Rovsing masters the necessary technical disiplines
and has the required expertise in management to ensure
the success of the Message Processing Facility of the
Cross Fox Project
2.2 I̲n̲v̲o̲l̲v̲e̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲i̲n̲ ̲D̲a̲t̲a̲ ̲C̲o̲m̲m̲u̲n̲i̲c̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
Christian Rovsing A/S has significant experience in
computerized datacommunication and data switching networks,
placing it among the top ranking European companies
in this field
We believe that we have available exceptional professional
talent, dedicated to advanced computerized information
techniques. Furthermore, the company excels in applying
current technology to modular equipment design. We
have no outdated product lines to support; our hardware
is second-generation LSI technology.
Systems are configured around the company's CR80 Computer
which has proven itself particularly well suited to
communication disiplines. The following is a list
of those communication disiplines in which the company
has gained significant expertise:
o Packet Switching
- Routing Algorithm
- X25
- X21, X21 bis Interfaces
- X75
o Message Switching
- Preparation and Distribution
- Format Conversion (ACP127/128)
- Protocols (LITSYNC, CCITT X.25)
- Storage and Retrieval
o Line Switching
- Signalling and Supervision
- Routing Algorithms
- Synchronization and Timing
- Multiplexing and Trunking
o Dualized Systems
- Configuration Control
- Switchover and Recovery
- Reliability Performance
- V24/V28 Interfaces
o Security
- Access Control
- SPECAT Handling
- Red/Black Interfaces
- Crypto Interface (DOLCE)
- Privileged User State
- Tempest
System contracts awarded to the company on a Prime
Contractor or Principal Sub-contractor basis are typically
worth several millions of Dollars. Administratively
distinct Project Offices are formed within the company
to manage these large programs.
A summary of the company's overall experience in data
communication is presented in figure 2.2-1
Fig. 2.2-1
Successful participation in these programs as prime
or sub-contractor has broadened the company's resources.
The high degree of reliability, security, efficiency
and operational performance which these projects demand
is met by applying up-to-date technology, specialized
engineering expertise, and sophisticated data communications
techniques.
Christian Rovsing was principal sub-contractor to Litton
Data Systems Inc. for the NICS-TARE programme and is
Prime Contractor for the FIKS, CAMPS and LME-NET programmes.
The FIKS network will be installed at the customer's
8 sites in the course of 1982 under the direction of
the Integrated Logistics Support Department of the
System Division.
The CAMPS program with a contract value of $ 30 Million,
before options, is the largest, single computer systems
contract ever to be awarded to a Danish electronics
company. The system is based on the latest version
of the company's CR80 Computer product line. The CAMPS
project team has successfully completed the design
phases and is moving into the implementation phase.
The installation phase will involve 16 separate sites
located throughout Europe. The CAMPS program involves
the fulfillment of strict TEMPEST requirements.
The LME-NET program is to be delivered in several phases.
Phase 1 provides a network center with interfaces
to IBM and UNIVAC mainframe computers and 10 switching
nodes forming a network covering Europe. This phase
will be completed in June 1982. The network will follow
international standards for packet switching data networks,
as defined by CCITT in recommendation X.25. Later
phases will provide facilities like multiple network
control centers, satellite links to remote nodes, interfacing
to other makes of mainframe computers and support of
facsimile and voice transmission.
The ADA Compiler Development Project is part of a larger
project which addresses the construction of an entire
programming environment including an ADA computer.
The programming environment will conform to the Stoneman
specifications from the U.S. Department of
Defense. The total environment system is financed by
the Commission of the European Communities with a grant
of US $ 3.2 million , which corresponds to 50% of the
total development costs. The remaining development
costs are covered by the participating companies and
various public sources and funds.
In the HAWK project Christian Rovsing has developed
and now produces converters which makes it possible
to communicate between the HAWK BATTERIES by means
of an extended message structure, while providing unchanged
communication with the Battery Operation Control.
This provides a cost effective improvement to HAWK
communication
Much of the extensive management and technical experience
which Christian Rovsing has acquired in message switching
and data communication projects are directly applicable
to the MPF project.
The company's overall exposure to major computer system
discipline reflects its ability to carry out a technically
demanding project.
2.3 D̲E̲S̲C̲R̲I̲P̲T̲I̲O̲N̲ ̲O̲F̲ ̲M̲A̲J̲O̲R̲ ̲C̲O̲N̲T̲R̲A̲C̲T̲S̲
The following six major contracts are described below:
o NICS-TARE for Litton Data Systems
o FIKS for the Danish Ministry of Defence
o CAMPS for NATO-SHAPE
o LME-NET for L.M. Ericsson in Sweden
o HAWK for NATO-HAWK
o ADA Compiler for EEC
Each of these projects uses the CR80 computer, designed
and manufactured by Christian Rovsing A/S
To provide further information about the capabilities
of Christian Rovsing A/S as seen by our customers,
contact with the respective company or organization
is invited.
2.3.1 N̲I̲C̲S̲-̲T̲A̲R̲E̲
Description: Communications Front-end Processors
for Message Switching Network
Customer: NATO Integrated Communications System
Management Agency, Brussels,Belgium
Prime Con- Litton Data Systems Inc.
tractor: Van Nuys,California.
CRA Sub-
contract
value: Approx. $6 Million
Program
Duration 36 months (1976-1979)
A rigorous and competitive evaluation of various front-end
communication processors was conducted by Litton's
Data Systems Division to satisfy NICSMA's stringent
operational and realiability requirements for TARE.
A CR80-based configuration was chosen based on the
criteria of traffic handling, expandability, reliability,
and cost.
The dualized configuration consists of two "CR COMPROCESSORS",
two groups of line termination units, and dual data-channel
interfaces to the TARE Message Processors. The modularity
and distributed processing aspects are apparent in
the use of repetitive functional units around a multi-level
data transfer bus structure (see figure 2.3-1).
Christian Rovsing has developed a customized configuration
to NICSMA specifications and produced 20 dual-processors
and associated line termination sub-systems each of
them capable of up to 163 line connections. Several
prototype systems have been delivered and successfully
tested.
In addition to supplying the complete front-end configuration,
Christian Rovsing also assumed responsibility for the
definition, system design, and implementation of the
NICS-TARE line coordination protocols, buffering and
other communication preprocessing functions.
Our U.S. subsidiary, Christian Rovsing Corp., assumed
a major coordination role in supporting Litton NICS-TARE
effort.
A brief description of the TARE COMPROCESSOR subsystem
and its major functional role now follows.
The TARE Communication Processor Subsystem is a fully-redundant
front-end serving as concentrator and pre-processor
for a maximum of 163 lines. It interfaces the network
to the Litton L3050 Message Processors. A line-splitter
assembly routes the lines to two CP's. Both synchronous
(2400 baud) and asynchronous (600 baud) channels are
accomodated. Synchronous lines are controlled through
an EDC protocol (LITSYNC).
Message pre-processing is performed by a Multiplexer
Processor and a Communications Processors; both are
duplicated in the redundant configuration. The Multiplexer
performs the line polling. The Comprocessor does the
message processing and manages the interface to the
Message Processor. Message processing functions include
character sequence recognition, alphabet translation,
channel, error recognition and EDC protocol management,
security checking, and message sector assembly and
distribution.
The CR80 Communication Processor is a distributed minicomputer
system specifically designed as a communications line
concentrator and pre-processor. Of recent design and
employing a modular architecture, it provides TARE
with a flexible front-end for individual line terminations,
multiplexing and character-orientated data processing.
Communication line characteristics such as speed, synchronisation,
distortion, timeout, bit sampling, character and block
assembly are completely divorced from the L3050 Message
Processors.
Extensive use of LSI contributes to the versatility
of the microprocessor controlled line termination units.
These form an integral part of the front-end system
and provide an interface to a variety of line types
for the interchange of data, control, and timing signals.
The impact of LSI on weight, size and power is clearly
demonstrated by the compact hardware packaging. (See
Fig. 2.3-2)
Of particular significance is the cost reduction realisable
by LSI. By way of illustration, note that it was economically
feasible to duplicate entire line termination units
to route traffic to both the active and hot stand-by
processors, thus allowing on-line switchover without
loss of data.
Fig. 2.3-1
2.3.2 F̲I̲K̲S̲ ̲D̲e̲f̲e̲n̲c̲e̲ ̲I̲n̲t̲e̲g̲r̲a̲t̲e̲d̲ ̲C̲o̲m̲m̲u̲n̲i̲c̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲
Description: Defence Integrated Communications
System
Customer: Danish Ministry of Defence
Prime Con- Christian Rovsing
tractor:
Contract
Value: Approx. $ 7 Million
Program
Duration: 48 months (1976-1979)
FIKS is Denmark's tri-service defense communications
network. Its objective is to integrate, automate and
upgrade teletype command networks and data communications
systems previously operated by the army, navy, and
the air force.
Christian Rovsing and the Danish Air Material Command
jointly developed the top-level system specification,
and a contract was awarded early in 1978. The specification
covers design, development, installation and cut-over
of a common nodal network for message and data traffic.
When completed, FIKS will provide higher survivability,
improved security, greater efficiency, simpler operation
and easier expansion through computerization.
FIKS integrates and fully automates message switching
and data transfer functions. It consists of a multi-node
network geographically distributed throughout Denmark.
As initially structured, 8 nodes are arranged in a
grid configuration and interconnected via 15 full-duplex
trunks operating at 9.6 kilobaud per line.
Message and data traffic under control of computerized
nodal switching centers are interchanged between military
users . Message users at remote terminals are served
through COMCENTERs, some of which are co-located at
the nodes.
Message traffic rates range from low-speed (50 baud)
to medium-speed (2400 baud). FIKS is sized to handle
a throughput of 25,000 messages per busy hour including
messages entering the network, multiple distribution
of messages, retrievals, service messages and a 25%
allowance for growth.
Data users, continuously or not, exchange information
through the FIKS network. Typical data users are military
data systems which relate to air defense, air traffic
control, intelligence and command nets such as LINK-1,
LOW-LEVEL RADAR, TVT EXTRACTORS, ACBA-CCIS, TOSCA,
FLY-PEP, CHODDEN, and INTEL.
The FIKS network interfaces to NICS-TARE through compatible
circuits and protocols. Also, access to the Nordic
Public Data Network, NPDN, is provided using CCITT
X.21 for circuit-switched calls and conversion to X.25
for virtual calls; this interface is consistent with
expansion to higher level X.25 packet switching.
To accomodate the navy's unique requirements, ship-to-shore
secure communications channels are provided through
the appropriate ground-based comcenters.
The generic elements of the Nodal Switching Center,
one of several in the FIKS network, are depicted in
figure 2.3-3. Though physically separate, the Nodal
Switch is shown co-located with the System Control
Center and the Message Entry and Distribution Equipment.
An abbreviated list of functions performed by the system
includes:
- Message Preparation and Distribution
- Simplified and ACP127 Format Handling
- Message Storage and Retrieval
- Network Supervision and Control
- Automatic Switchover and Recovery
- Alternate Routing
- Traffic and Operational Security.
A FIKS site under factory integration and test is shown
in figure 2.3-4.
Fig. 2.3-2
Fig. 2.3-3
Fig. 2.3-4
Fig. 2.3-5
2.3.3 C̲A̲M̲P̲S̲
Description: Computer-aided Message Processing
System
Customer NATO-SHAPE, Brussels, Belgium
Prime
Contractor Christian Rovsing
Contract
Value: Approx. $ 30 Million
Program
Duration: 46 months (1980-1983)
Christian Rovsing has contracted with NATO (SHAPE)
to deliver CAMPS, the Computer Aided Message Processing
System, on a turn-key basis to a number of NATO sites
.
CAMPS has two essential functions:
1. CAMPS assists the user in message handling, i.e.
preparation, dispatch and receival of messages.
2. CAMPS communicates with data networks, and other
systems such as SCARS II (Strategic Command and
Alert Reporting System) and ACE CCIS (Command Control
Information System).
There are, naturally, high demands for reliability
and security in a system like CAMPS, and these
demands are met by the hardware and software as
an entity.
The hardware system is based upon the company's
CR80 computer. In designing this computer, advanced,
proven technology has been employed. Reliability
is further secured by using MIL quality components
and by subjecting all electronic modules to a burn-in
cycle, (See figure 2.3-5).
The CAMPS software consists of system programs
and application programs. The software engineering
profits from the experience the company has obtained
through the participation in other complex message
processing and communication systems.
CAMPS will exchange data with other computer- associated
handling and communication systems. Interface systems,
which exist or are being developed, include NATO-TARE
and Tape Relay Centers plus SCARS II and ACE CCIS.
The interface design is structured to permit the
accomodation of new systems as they are introduced.
The primary format for messages will conform to
ACP-127 NATO SUPP-3 for all interfaces.
CCIS and SCARS II will utilise the X-25 data communication
protocol (CCITT) when interfacing with CAMPS.
To interconnect CAMPS with older CCIS equipment,
Christian Rovsing has offered to implement protocol
converters.
Extensive use of up-to-date technology is required
to meet the stringent requirements set forth by
SHAPE. The hardware configuration features distributed,
autonomous processing-subsystems made economically
feasible by LSI (RAM's, PROM's, CPU's, USART's,
FIFO's, ALU's, etc.). The dualized configuration
is partitioned into three Processors per Processing
Unit: Main Memories, Terminal Data Exchanges, and
pre-processor-controlled Line Termination Units.
CAMPS also uses up-to-date technology like optical
fiber-optic communication to connect terminals
to the computer.
CAMPS is characterised quantitively by:(a) a connectivity
of 256 full-duplex lines or an equivalent 153,
600 bytes/second (b) a 240-megabyte mass storage
with 40-msec access, providing immediate retrieval
of 24-hour traffic (c) a peak processing throughput
of 30,000 messages/hour (d) a cross-office processing
time of 400 msec (e) a system response time of
less than 3 seconds (f) a predicted systems availability
of 0.999996.
CAMPS functional requirements deal with message
handling, message preparation, coordination, and
release, message distribution, format translation,
storage and retrieval, supervision control, statistics
and reports, protocols, and recovery and back-up-techniques.
Three aspects of CAMPS are depicted by the simplified
software description shown in fig. 3.2-6.
Of particular significance are: (1) the cost, weight,
and size reduction achieved by CAMPS-the 6 rack,
12 KW Hardware represents a drastic reduction compared
to similar equipment (2) the unique security features
to prevent unauthorized access such as privileged
instructions, memory bounds, and separate SYSTEM
USER states.
A typical CAMPS installation consists of the following
elements(see figure 2.3-7).
- Processors and Mass Storage (3-bay Rack)
- Line Interface Equipment (4-bay Rack)
- Supervisory Console
- Software Maintenance Equipment
- Spares/Tools Cabinet.
The above equipment complement, which does not
include the terminal option for remote locations,
will be installed in a secure area dedicated CAMPS.
The computer crates are installed in TEMPTEST proved
EMI-racks for COMSEC approval of the system.
Fig. 2.3-6
Fig. 2.3-7
2.3.4 L̲M̲E̲-̲N̲E̲T̲
Customer: L.M. Ericsson, Stockholm, Sweden
Prime Con-
tractor: Christian Rovsing
Contract
Value: Approx. $ 4.5 Million
Program
Duration: 48 months (1979-1983)
The L.M.Ericsson Data Network is being developed as
a private data communication network to cover the need
within the organization with regard to data communication
between data centres and terminal users.
LMENET is based on the CR80 computer and the first
phase consists of (see fig 2.3-8):
o a network center
o a host interface processor system for connection
of IBM and UNIVAC computers
o 10 switching nodes where traffic is collected and
directed to the receiver
o a number of leased lines between the nodes, eight
of which are in Sweden, one in Copenhagen and one
in Madrid.
In the later phases, the network will be enlarged with:
o additional network control centers, which will
enable certain distributed control parts of the
network
o additional geographically distributed host interface
processors, perhaps with interfaces to the other
machine types, e.g. ICL
o connection via satellite to new nodes, e.g. in
Brazil.
o The LMENET architecture is based on the following
concept:
1. A general standardized transport facility is provided.
The network will follow international standards
for packet switch data networks, as defined by
CCITT in the recommendation X.25. This will enable
a later connection to public networks and ensure
the adaptation of LMENET to future standards.
2. Existing makes of computers and terminals can be
connected to the general network by means of mechanisms
in the network which do not require modifications
of the existing system.
The above concept will enable a layered construction
of LMENET following recognized principles of system
construction in general, and network construction in
particular (ISO's seven-layer model for network: Open
Systems Interconnection Reference Model).
LMENET provides the following functions:
o complete monitoring and control of the network
independent of host computers connected
o emulation of a network, complying with IBM's Systems
Network Architecture (SNA), in order to establish
communication between the IBM user programs and
the SNA terminals as well as certain non-SNA terminals.
o emulation of network complying with UNIVAC's Distributed
Communication Architecture (DCA) which enables
communication between UNIVAC user programs and
terminals
o direct program to program communication
o various traffic types with different resource requirements
- dialog traffic
- batch traffic
- transparent traffic
The first phase of the LMENET will be in operation
from July, 1982, with six connected host computers
and approx. 2000 terminals.
Fig. 2.3-8
2.3.5 H̲A̲W̲K̲ ̲A̲T̲D̲L̲/̲M̲B̲D̲L̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲v̲e̲r̲t̲e̲r̲
Customer: NATO HAWK Production and Logistic
Office
Prime Con-
tractor: Christian Rovsing
1. D̲e̲v̲e̲l̲o̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲a̲c̲t̲
Contract
Value: Approx. $ 1.2 Million
Program
Duration: April 1979 - Oct. 1981.
2. P̲r̲o̲d̲u̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲a̲c̲t̲
Contract
Value: Approx. $ 6 Million
Program
Duration: Nov. 81 - Aug. 84.
2.3.5.1 I̲n̲t̲r̲o̲d̲u̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
The ATDL/MBDL Converter (AMC) constitutes the means
by which PIP modified IHAWK batteries, communicating
in ATDL-1, and Battery Operation Control (BOC), communicating
in MBDL, are able to exchange information.
The Missile Battery Data Link (MBDL) was the message
format used for communication between BOC and HAWK
batteries in the earlier design. The PIP modification
of the IHAWK batteries introduced a new message format
ATDL-1, which is much more powerfull than the MBDL.
The AMC is a CR80 computer that in most applications
will be located inside the BOC shelter. In such configurations
only the ATDL communication lines using the connectors
normally used for the MBDL communication are visible
from outside the BOC shelter
2.3.5.2 I̲n̲t̲e̲r̲f̲a̲c̲e̲ ̲D̲e̲s̲c̲r̲i̲p̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
Up to 8 PIP modified IHAWK batteries can be connected
to the AMC via ATDL links. Similarly the AMC is connected
to the 8 MBDL battery links of the BOC.
In fig. 3.2-9 a schematic of the interconnection to
BOC and Batteries is shown.
The AMC will receive commands and reference track messages
from the BOC in MBDL format. The commands will be transmitted
to the relevant IHAWK battery in ATDL format.
The ATDL status messages received from the batteries
will be converted to MBDL and transmitted to the BOC
for presentation on the display.
As the ATDL message format enables an extensive exchange
of track-information, a track file is established in
the AMC to support the forwarding of this information
to all other batteries.
The software block diagram for the AMC is shown in
fig. 2.3-10.
2.3.5.3 E̲n̲v̲i̲r̲o̲n̲m̲e̲n̲t̲a̲l̲ ̲D̲e̲s̲c̲r̲i̲p̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
As the AMC is installed in a shelter which is transported
from site to site between operations, the CR80 modules
have been environmentally tested to demonstrate that
the equipment is capable of survive these conditions.
Fig. 2.3-9
2.3.6 A̲D̲A̲ ̲C̲o̲m̲p̲i̲l̲e̲r
Customer: European Community
Contract
value: Approx. $ 3.2 Million
Program
Duration: 36 month (1981-1984)
The aim of the ADA Compiler Development Project is
to develop an easily portable compiler for the full
Ada language as standardized by the U.S. Department
of Defense.
The compiler development will be accomplished using
state of the art formal derivation and verification
techniques to ensure maximum correctness and reliability
of the resulting compiler system.
The compiler system will be tailored for mini/micro
computer system applications. Particular attention
will be given to the problems caused by the limited
address and/or physical memory space in such systems.
The total system project encompasses the following
subprojects:
1) Specification and implementation of a standard
interface to the operating system and file system
of the host computer. The standard interface will
conform to the Stoneman KAPSE requirements and
will be specified as an ADA package. Particular
attention will be paid to the design of the KAPSE
database.
2) Minimum Toolset for ADA Program Development, conforming
to the Stoneman MAPSE requirements. The toolset
contains the following program development items:
- Text Editor
- ADA Compiler (see subproject (4))
- Linker
- Debugger
- Database Utility
- Command Interpreter
- Object Formatters (including Pretty Printer)
- Library File Utilities.
3) Distributed System Study addressing the impacts
on the total system (KAPSE/MAPSE) caused by a distributed
system architecture.
4) Ada Compiler, consisting of:
- Front End Compiler which converts ADA source
code into an intermediate language.
- Separate Compilation Handler
- Back End Compiler which generates A-code from
the intermediate language.
The front end compiler produced in this project
will be a test version primarily intended for generation
of test input to the back end compiler and test
of the compiler interfaces to KAPSE/MAPSE. The
project also includes adaption and integration
of an optimizing front end compiler produced by
a French/German consortium (Alsys/Cii Honeywell
Bull/Siemens).
An important aspect of the compiler development
project is the propagation of the formal and systematic
software engineering methods used to produce the
ADA compiler.
5) Run Time System including virtual machine:
- Design of portable run time system (A-code
machine, tasking kernel, i/o system).
- Implementation of run time system on the Christian
Rovsing CR80 and on the Olivetti S6000 computers.
Subprojects 1, 2 and 3 are being carried out by the
Italian partner with Systems Designers Limited (England)
as subcontractor, while subprojects 4 and 5 are being
carried out by the Danish partners.
The complete system will be implemented on the Olivetti
S6000 computer, which is a 16-bit minicomputer with
virtual memory, and on the Christian Rovsing A/S CR80
computer, which is a 16-bit minicomputer with multiprocessor
capabilities, a 32M byte memory space, a 128K byte
program addressing space and a 128K byte data space.
The total system is financed by the Commission of the
European Communities with a grant of 21 million Danish
Kroner (approximately 2.7 million European Units of
Account, or US $ 3.2. million ), which corresponds
to 50% of the total development costs. The remaining
development costs are covered by the participating
companies and various public sources and funds.
The total system project requires approximately 1000
man months and will be completed in 1983.
At present Christian Rovsing has implemented a subset
of the ADA Compiler on our CR80 computer, which translates
ADA code to the system programming language SWELL (please
refer to the technical proposal part for detailed information).
