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IDCN - VOLUME
I
SYS/83-11-18
MANAGEMENT PROPOSAL
Page
IDCN
ISRAELI DATA COMMINICATION NETWORK
DOC. NO. IDCN/8019/PRP/001 ISSUE 1
VOLUME I
MANAGEMENT PROPOSAL
SUBMITTED TO: ELBIT
IN RESPONSE TO: RFP 26/10/83
PREPARED BY: CHRISTIAN ROVSING A/S
SYSTEMS DIVISION
LAUTRUPVANG 2
2750 BALLERUP
DENMARK
PRINCIPLE CONTACTS: Gert Jensen, Systems Division
Manager
Telex Denmark 35111 cr dk
Telephone: 02 65 11 44
…0e…c…0f…Christian Rovsing A/S - 1983
This document contains information proprietary to Christian
Rovsing A/S. The information, whether in the form of
text, schematics, tables, drawings or illustrations,
must not be duplicated or used for purposes other than
evaluation, or disclosed outside the recipient company
or organisation without the prior, written permission
of Christian Rovsing A/S.
This restriction does not limit the recipient's right
to use information contained in the document if such
information is received from another source without
restriction, provided such source is not in breach
of an obligation of confidentiality towards Christian
Rovsing A/S.
A P P E N D I X A…01……01…1982 A N N U A L R E P O R T
A P P E N D I X B…01……01…Q U A L I T Y A S S U R A N C E P O L I C
Y
T̲A̲B̲L̲E̲ ̲O̲F̲ ̲C̲O̲N̲T̲E̲N̲T̲S̲
Page
1 INTRODUCTION ...................................
3
1.1 DECISION TO BID ............................
3
2 CORPORATE BACKGROUND ...........................
7
2.1 CHRISTIAN ROVSING A/S COMPANY INFORMATION ..
7
2.1.1 History of Christian Rovsing A/S .......
7
2.1.2 Employee Profile .......................
8
2.1.3 Facilities .............................
8
2.1.4 Financial Information ..................
11
2.1.5 Company Organization ...................
12
2.1.5.1 Systems Division ...................
15
2.1.5.2 Development Division ...............
17
2.1.5.3 Production Division ................
19
2.2 RELEVANT EXPERIENCE ........................
22
2.2.1 Introduction ...........................
22
2.2.2 CR Computer Technology .................
22
2.2.3 Systems Experience .....................
26
2.2.4 Relevant Contracts .....................
30
2.2.4.1 Major Contracts at Christian
Rovsing A/S ........................
30
3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT STANDARDS ..................
72
3.1 PROJECT APPROACH ..........................
72
3.2 MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION ...............
72
3.3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ...............
75
3.4 TOP-LEVEL WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE ........
75
3.5 OPERATING PROCEDURES ......................
77
3.6 COST CONTROL ..............................
80
3.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE .........................
81
3.7.1 Parts and Material (P&M) ..............
81
3.7.2 Reliability ...........................
81
3.7.3 Quality Control (QC) ..................
81
3.7.4 QA-Policy .............................
82
3.7.5 QA-System .............................
82
3.8 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT ..................
84
3.9 CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION ...
85
3.10 PROBLEM RECOGNITION AND RESOLUTION ........
86
3.10.1 Problem Recognition ..................
86
3.10.2 Meetings .............................
86
3.10.3 Reporting ............................
87
3.10.4 Problem Resolution ...................
87
3.10.5 Customer/Company Coordination ........
88
APPENDIX A: 1982 Annual Report ...................
APPENDIX B: Q/A Policy ...........................
1 I̲N̲T̲R̲O̲D̲U̲C̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
1.1 D̲E̲C̲I̲S̲I̲O̲N̲ ̲T̲O̲ ̲B̲I̲D̲ ̲I̲D̲C̲N̲
The decision to bid IDCN as Sub Contractor to ELBIT
represents a definite commitment on the part of Christian
Rovsing to devote its resources and technical talents
to the successful implementation and performance of
the system. The decision was taken at top-level after
thorough discussions with the staff of marketing, administration,
and engineering at Christian Rovsing.
Considerable experience in the field of data communication
combined with experience as prime or sub-contractor
of major computer system projects provide a solid basis
for our participation in this project. Prime contractor
responsibility, particularly for military customers
such as NATO-SHAPE, has demanded a professional approach
to turn-key project management with particular emphasis
on planning and documentation in all phases from system
design and development to production, integration,
installation, training, and maintenance. The contracts
awarded to the company have been typically worth from
several to tens of millions of DM.
To provide the necessary talent and facilities, the
IDCN project will be staffed by experts from all divisions
at Christian Rovsing. Thus, exceptionally strong capabilities
will be available in computing and data communication.
Participating entities at Christian Rovsing are:
o The Systems Division - structured in 1979 to consolidate
management of major computer system projects. The
CAMPS project for NATO is the responsibility of
the Systems Divisions.
o The Development Division - responsible for the
design of the CR80 Computer product line of which
more than 200 systems are currently on order from
major customers such as NATO, ICL and L.M. Ericsson.
o The Production Division - responsible for manufacturing
of the CR80 Computer product line.
The IDCN Project Group will be supported by the Christian
Rovsing, Integrated Logistics Support Group, which
provides services including site surveys, installation,
training, documentation preparation, maintenance, spares
and other necessary support services.
Product quality will be ensured by the Quality Assurance
Department, which reports directly to company management.
An administratively distinct Project Office will be
established to manage the IDCN Project. This project
office will have total system responsibility and authority
to coordinate in-house activities and to provide close
liaison with the customer throughout the duration of
the project.
In summary, the decision to bid is based on the confidence
that Christian Rovsing A/S, supported by sub-contractors,
has all the necessary qualifications for the successful
design, implementation and maintenance of the IDCN.
The IDCN switching network is similar to the highly
efficient communications processor used in military
programs and also to be used in extensive airline communication
systems like Air Canada's and American Airlines', where
up to 65,000 terminals will be connected to various
host computers.
The host computer proposed for the IDCN is a fully
dualized CR80 computer system, with automatic switch-over
from active to the standby in the event of failure.
Manual switch-over is also possible to accomplish "on-line"
maintenance, i.e. maintenance without loss of function
by using the standby unit for processing while the
formerly active unit is serviced. In addition to fault
tolerant operation and ease of maintenance, the CR80
is characterized by high performance, high system availability,
and growth by simple addition of standard modules.
Christian Rovsing A/S's experience in developing and
implementing crypto system is based on various military
projects conducted in the past. Especially in the Integrated
Danish Military Communication System, FIKS, Christian
Rovsing A/S has - in close cooperation with the customer
- designed a unique, very cost effective and secure
crypto system. Christian Rovsing A/S believes that
a similar approach can be taken on the IDCN.
The IDCN system design will benefit from experience
gained in the CAMPS program as well as the NICS-TARE
Front End Processors, which have been supplied by the
Christian Rovsing A/S and fully accepted by NICSMA.
These elements will provide an important no-risk aspect
to the proposed IDCN system design. Figure 1.1-1 gives
an overview of the IDCN system design, showing both
data paths and control signals vis …1a… vis system functions
and equipments.
Figure 1.1-1…01…Hardware System Overview
2 C̲O̲R̲P̲O̲R̲A̲T̲E̲ ̲B̲A̲C̲K̲G̲R̲O̲U̲N̲D̲
2.1 C̲H̲R̲I̲S̲T̲I̲A̲N̲ ̲R̲O̲V̲S̲I̲N̲G̲ ̲A̲/̲S̲ ̲C̲O̲M̲P̲A̲N̲Y̲ ̲I̲N̲F̲O̲R̲M̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
The subsections to follow describe the history of CR,
give a profile of CR employees, and summarize the financial
status of the company.
2.1.1 H̲i̲s̲t̲o̲r̲y̲ ̲o̲f̲ ̲C̲h̲r̲i̲s̲t̲i̲a̲n̲ ̲R̲o̲v̲s̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲A̲/̲S̲
Christian Rovsing A/S was founded in 1963. Initially
the company worked mainly in a consulting and advisory
capacity within the EDP field. Activities developed
rapidly, and the business gradually changed character
from consultancy to supplier of systems.
Around 1971, a deliberate commitment was made by the
company to apply its resources to the European Space
Program. It has since participated in most major programs,
and the successful participation has broadened the
company's capabilities. The high degree of performance
which these programs demand has been met by applying
up-to-date technology, specialized hardware and software
engineering expertise, and modern management methods.
For the design and production of switching power supplies
to the European Space Program, the company developed
an advanced technology and sophisticated design philosophy
which can be applied to the solution of complex power
supply problems. Several patents are held by the company
relating to power supply circuit design.
Based on experience gained from engagement in the European
Space Program the company entered the demanding military
market. An important contract with Delco Electronics
Inc. to co-produce the Fire Control Computer as part
of the 4-nation European F-16 Program was won. The
Fire Control Computer is the only "end-item" co-produced
in Denmark and is delivered directly to the F-16 assembly
lines in Europe and the U.S.A.
In the mid-seventies the company entered the data communications
market. It has since participated in exacting computer
communications-oriented programs for both commercial
and defense customers, with such projects as CAMPS
(NATO), FIKS (Danish MOD), and LME-Network (commercial).
Christian Rovsing A/S believes that it has developed
exceptional professional resources dedicated to advanced
data communication. Furthermore, the company excels
in applying current technology to modular equipment
design and has a product line that leads the state-of-the-art.
In short, Christian Rovsing has acquired extensive
experience in the design, development, and manufacture
of computer and aerospace electronics.
2.1.2 E̲m̲p̲l̲o̲y̲e̲e̲ ̲P̲r̲o̲f̲i̲l̲e̲
The group employs approximately 1200 persons.
Approximate staffing levels by functional groupings
are as follows:
o Engineering and/or Scientific Professionals
500
o Technicians
235
o Assembly/Production Workers
175
o Q.A. & Inspection
30
o Administrative and clerical
260
2.1.3 F̲A̲C̲I̲L̲I̲T̲I̲E̲S̲
The company has 2 major facilities:
o A 5500 sq. metre (59,000 sq.ft.) leased facility
in Herlev, near Copenhagen.
o A 20,000 sq. metre (215,000 sq.ft.) leased facility
in Ballerup, near Copenhagen.
A separate, dedicated facility (1,000 sq. m./10,700
sq.ft.) has been established for the co-production
of the F-16 FCC (computer). This facility is located
in Valby, which is about 10 Km from Ballerup.
To meet demands for increased deliveries a 7080 sq.
meter (76,000 sq.ft.) production facility is under
construction, and will be available in the second quarter
of 1984.
Approximate break-down of floor area by function in
the 2 major facilities is as follows:
C̲a̲t̲e̲g̲o̲r̲y̲ S̲q̲.̲ ̲M̲e̲t̲r̲e̲s̲ S̲q̲.̲f̲t̲.̲
o General Manufacturing 2,500 26,900
(to be trebled in 1984)
o "Space Qualified"
clean room 200 2,200
o Test & Integration Areas 2,500 26,900
o Laboratories 3,000 32,000
o Engineering and
Administration 9,300 99,500
The new production facility is shown in FIGURE 2.1.3-1.
NEW PRODUCTION FACILITY
FIGURE 2.1.3-1
2.1.4 F̲i̲n̲a̲n̲c̲i̲a̲l̲ ̲I̲n̲f̲o̲r̲m̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ (1)
Annual Report 1982 (Summary)
Statement of Net Assets 31st December 1981:
Fixed Assets 56.6 million Dkr
Current Assets 235.3 " "
Net Proceeds from
Share Issue (2) 1̲0̲7̲.̲0̲ ̲ ̲ ̲"̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲"̲
Total Assets 398.9 million Dkr
Current Liabilities 1̲7̲6̲.̲2̲ ̲ ̲ ̲"̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲"̲
Net Assets less
Current Liabilities 222.7 " "
Long-term Liabilities ̲4̲5̲.̲6̲ ̲ ̲ ̲"̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲ ̲"̲
Shareholder's Equity 177.1 million Dkr
=================
(1) The 1982 Annual Report is provided for more
detailed reference in APPENDIX A.
(2) On 3 MAY 1983 Christian Rovsing A/S issued shares
with net proceeds of 107 million Dkr.
2.1.5 C̲o̲m̲p̲a̲n̲y̲ ̲O̲r̲g̲a̲n̲i̲z̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
Management of the Company is in the hands of Messrs.
Christian F. Rovsing, Claus Jepsen, and Lars Stig Nielsen.
Mr. Rovsing is the President and the founder of the
company. He is a member of many governmental and industrial
committees as well as professional societies related
to research and data processing.
Today, there are five major divisions within the company
- FIGURE 2.1.5-1
o Data Processing Division
o Electronics Division
o Systems Division
o Production Division
o Development Division
and four wholly owned subsidiaries:
o Christian Rovsing Corporation (Thousand Oaks, California)
supports the mother company in major contracts
with North American customers and has its own software
development center.
o Christian Rovsing International located in Copenhagen
delivers computer systems for communication networks
and process control, and contracts staff to large
international customers.
o CR Card System located in Copenhagen delivers electronic
systems for the automation of gasoline stations.
o CR Advanced Systems (Washington, D.C.) supports
the mother company in major contracts with the
USA, and has the facilities to carry out on-site
management of defense system contracts.
The Data Processing Division is located in a 5,000
sq. meter leased facility in Herlev, near Copenhagen.
The Electronics and Systems Divisions are based in
a newly constructed 12,000 sq. meter facility in Ballerup,
also near Copenhagen.
The Administration and General Management are located
in the Ballerup facility.
The Ballerup location houses development laboratories,
the main production and test department, a model shop
and special "clean room" facilities for the production
of space-qualified hardware, as well as engineering
and administrative offices.
A separate, dedicated facility has also been established
for the co-production of the airborne FCC computer
for the European F-16 program. It is located about
10 Km from the main Ballerup facility.
Military data communication systems are the responsibility
of the Systems Division.
More details about the five divisions of Christian
Rovsing A/S and Christian Rovsing International are
given in the sections to follow.
For further financial information, the company annual
report is given in APPENDIX A.
COMPANY ORGANIZATION
FIGURE 2.1.5-1
2.1.5.1 S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲s̲ ̲D̲i̲v̲i̲s̲i̲o̲n̲
The Systems Division, FIGURE 2.1.5.1-1, was structured
late in 1979 when systems-related activities were consolidated
to improve the handling of large, integrated hardware/software
data communications programs. The division is organized
on a project basis including CAMPS and FIKS, two major
military communication projects. Each major project
is under the cognizance of a dedicated Project Office
with total system responsibility and control authority
to co-ordinate in-house activities, and to provide
close liaison with the customer throughout the duration
of the Project.
Projects are supported by the Integrated Logistics
Department. Its services include site surveys, installation,
training, documentation, maintenance, spares and other
support.
Advanced system development projects are assigned to
the Computer Systems Engineering Group. Current projects
include satellite image-data handling systems and miscellaneous
consulting services.
The Systems Division is also responsible for contract
performance in conjunction with Danish Industrial Group
One for the production and delivery of some 400 military-qualified
computers for the F-16 project. A complete computer
is produced each workday.
Quality Assurance reports directly to top-level management.
Emphasis is placed on the quality of the hardware and
of the software, both of which affect system performance.
THE SYSTEMS DIVISION
FIGURE 2.1.5.1-1
2.1.5.2 D̲e̲v̲e̲l̲o̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲D̲i̲v̲i̲s̲i̲o̲n̲
The Development Division FIGURE 2.1.5.2-1 has 5 departments,
which are Product Design, Divisional Support, Electronic
Design, CR80 System Software, and Micro Systems Software.
The Product Design Group is responsible for the preliminary
definition of new projects and the decision to start
development as well as high level system policy and
continuous evaluation of divisional development efforts.
Department heads are responsible for carrying out division
plans for development, and together with the divisional
manager resources are allocated to ensure meeting divisional
goals. Department heads also participate in budget
preparation and are responsible for meeting them.
As development demands efforts from all departments,
projects are staffed accordingly. Each project, or
task, is led by a task manager with responsibility
for weekly progress reporting to ensure meeting schedules;
a uniform, computer based reporting system, started
in 1982, simplifies this task.
THE DEVELOPMENT DIVISION
FIGURE 2.1.5.2-1
2.1.5.3 P̲r̲o̲d̲u̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲D̲i̲v̲i̲s̲i̲o̲n̲
The Production Division FIGURE 2.1.5.3-1 has three
major functions, which are Module Production, Integration
and Test, and Test Engineering. There are 100 employees
and 2000 sq.m. of production area with a present capacity
of 7000 modules per year. Production capacity growth
is planned to be from 40 to 60% per year in the coming
years, and a new, 7080 sq.m. facility will be taken
in use in the second quarter of 1984.
There are two production lines:
o Medium volume, complex modules - CR80 modules
o Large volume products - power supplies and local
area networks.
Quality Assurance is ensured by a separate group, reporting
directly to top-level management. Production meets
NATO AQAP-1 standards.
At present, production is semi-automatic with laser
guided mounting of module components and automatic
test equipment. By 1985, production is expected to
be fully automated - an overview of the planned Electronic
Factory is shown in FIGURE 2.1.5.3-2.
THE PRODUCTION DIVISION
FIGURE 2.1.5.3-1.
THE ELECTRONIC FACTORY
FIGURE 2.1.5.3-2.
2.2 R̲E̲L̲E̲V̲A̲N̲T̲ ̲E̲X̲P̲E̲R̲I̲E̲N̲C̲E̲
2.2.1 I̲n̲t̲r̲o̲d̲u̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
Christian Rovsing has considerable experience in the
field of data communication, reliable and flexible
computer systems, and management of significant computer
system projects. These skills and know-how have been
developed over many years, and during the last 6 years
extensive programs in the field of data communication
have been carried out.
We believe that we have available exceptional, professional
talent dedicated to advanced computerized information
techniques. Furthermore, the company excels in applying
current technology to modular equipment design. We
have no outdated product lines to support; our hardware
is the latest LSI technology.
2.2.2 C̲o̲m̲p̲u̲t̲e̲r̲ ̲T̲e̲c̲h̲n̲o̲l̲o̲g̲y̲
Several years of rapid evolution of computer technology
are reflected in the development of the CR80 computer
product line at Christian Rovsing. This computer family,
a collection of units architecturally structured in
an innovative way, allows configuring powerful multiprocessor
systems. Through a high degree of parallelism and redundancy,
the configurations offer nearly unlimited operating
power and outstanding system reliability.
From the outset, system architects at Christian Rovsing
recognized that micro-electronics was the driving force
behind modern computer technology. The CR80 product
line is based on functional modularity made feasible
by low-cost LSI complemented by an advanced distributed
architecture and a multiprocessing configuration. Though
they appear to be minicomputers, the CR80 systems in
the larger configurations are competitive with and
challenge the power of large mainframes, but with far
superior operational characteristics and heretofore
unrealizable advantages. The CR80 building-block modules
allow a system configuration flexibility previously
unachievable; this has led to the definition of the
CR80 Computer Family depicted in summary block diagrams
in FIGURE 2.2.2-1.
The standard CR80 models are divided into two classes
- unmapped and mapped - supported respectively by the
AMOS and DAMOS software operating systems.
The standard unmapped systems are the
- CR80 MINI, a multiprocessor system with up to 4
CPU's and 256 K words of memory with an operating
range of 0.6 to 1.3 million instructions/second;
and the
- CR80 TWIN, a fully-dualized version of the MINI
with twin multiprocessors and a dual bused peripheral
subsystem.
The standard mapped systems are the
- CR80 MAXIM, a multiprocessor system with up to
5 CPU's and 16 megawords of memory with an operating
range of 0.6 to 2.0 million instructions/second
and a Data Channel with a megabyte/sec. transfer
rate interfacing up to 15 channel units for control
of up to 960 peripheral modules
and the
- CR80 FATOM, a fault-tolerant system comprising
as many as 16 multiprocessors interconnected through
a 512 megabit message transport; each multiprocessor
has the same capabilities as a CR80 MAXIM, but
with 256 megawords of memory capacity and an operating
range up to 30 million instructions/second.
FIGURE 2.2.2-1
THE CR80 FAMILY OF MINICOMPUTERS
These standard configurations offer a broad range of
physical characteristics to meet requirements from
the smaller stand-alone user up to those of the largest
multi-installation network applications. The four models
offer:
- a 50:1 range in instruction execution rate varying
from 0.6 mips to 30 mips
- a 1000:1 range in memory capacity from 512 K bytes
to 512 megabytes
- a 80:1 range in processing power by utilizing from
one CPU up to 16 interconnected multiprocessors
with a maximum of 5 CPU's each
- a 400:1 range in connectivity through peripheral
controllers accomodating a variety of units with
as many as 960 peripherals or up to 4096 communication
lines.
Flexible variation in the size and structure of the
CR80 systems is permitted by the unusual degree of
hardware and software modularity. The hardware includes
fast transfer buses joined to each other by adapters
which allow units on one bus to access those on the
other. Dualization at the internal level and multiple
redundancy at the system level provide a CR80 hardware
architecture which, fully exploited by the DAMOS software
operating system, provides survival following operational
failure of individual components.
Reliability, which is of major concern in real-time
and distributed network applications, is achieved in
the CR80 computer systems by treating all multiprocessors
as equal elements not absolutely dedicated to a specific
role. Fault tolerance and backup are achieved through
an n+l redundance scheme without preassignment of system
functions to specific processors. This is in marked
contrast to the more common, rigid dualised configurations
often encountered in dedicated applications with on-line
master/slave arrangements, or off-line backup with
switch-over facility.
2.2.3 S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲s̲ ̲E̲x̲p̲e̲r̲i̲e̲n̲c̲e̲
Systems are configured around the company's CR80 Computer
which has proven itself particularly well suited to
communication disciplines. The following is a list
of those communication disciplines in which the company
has gained significant expertise:
o Packet Switching
- Routing Algorithms
- X25
- X21, X21 bis Interfaces
- X75
o Message Switching
- Preparation and Distribution
- Format Conversion (ACP126/127)
- Protocols (LITSYNC, CCITT X.25)
- Storage and Retrieval
o Line Switching
- Signaling and Supervision
- Routing Algorithms
- Synchronization and Timing
- Multiplexing and Trunking
o Dualized Systems
- Configuration Control
- Switchover and Recovery
- Reliability Performance
- V24/V28 Interfaces
o Security
- Multi-level
- Access Control
- SPECAT Handling
- Red/Black Interfaces
- Crypto Interface (DOLCE and others)
- Privileged User State
- Tempest
System contracts awarded to the company on a Prime
Contractor or Principal Sub-contractor basis are typically
worth from several to tens of millions of US Dollars.
Administratively distinct Project Offices are formed
within the company to manage these large programs.
A summary of the company's overall experience in data
communication is presented in FIGURE 2.2.1-1.
DATA COMMUNICATION EXPERIENCE
FIGURE 2.2.3-1
Successful participation in these programs as prime
or sub-contractor has broadened the company's resources.
The high degree of reliability, security, efficiency
and operational performance which these projects demand
is met by applying up-to-date technology, specialized
engineering expertise, and sophisticated data communications
techniques.
Christian Rovsing was principal sub-contractor to Litton
Data Systems Inc. for the NICS-TARE program and is
Prime Contractor for the FIKS, CAMPS and LME-NET programs.
The FIKS network was installed at the customer's 8
sites in 1982 under the direction of the Integrated
Logistics Support Department of the System Division.
The CAMPS program with a contract value of $ 30 Million,
not counting options, is the largest, single computer
systems contract ever to be awarded to a Danish electronics
company. The system is based on the latest version
of the company's CR80 Computer product line. The CAMPS
project team has successfully completed the design
and implementation phases. The installation phase
involves 16 separate sites located throughout Europe,
and is underway. The CAMPS program has neccessitated
the fulfilment of strict TEMPEST requirements.
The LME-NET program is to be delivered in several phases.
Phase 1 provides a network center with interfaces
to IBM and UNIVAC mainframe computers and 10 switching
nodes, forming a network covering western Europe.
This phase was completed in June 1982. The network
follows international standards for packet switching
data networks, as defined by CCITT in recommendation
X.25. Later phases will provide facilities like multiple
network control centers, satellite links to remote
nodes, interfacing to other makes of mainframe computers,
and support of facsimile and voice transmission.
The ADA Compiler Development Project is part of a larger
project which addresses the construction of an entire
programming environment including an ADA computer.
The programming environment will conform to the Stoneman
specifications from the U.S. Department of
Defense.
The total environment system is being financed by the
Commission of the European Communities with a grant
of US $ 3.2 million , which corresponds to 50% of the
total development costs. The remaining development
costs are covered by the participating companies and
various public sources and funds.
In the HAWK project Christian Rovsing has developed
and now produces converters which make it possible
to communicate between the HAWK BATTERIES by means
of an extended message structure, while providing unchanged
communication with the Battery Operation Control.
This provides a cost effective improvement to HAWK
communication.
The CR-Videotex system is a commercial information
retrieval and display system which provides simple
and efficient access to a wealth of information and
services. Using low cost terminals based on TV technology,
it can use either the public telephone network or a
private telephone system. Data can be contained either
in a control data base located on a single computer
or a network of geographically distributed computers,
each containing the local information of interest.
To Air Canada Christian Rovsing A/S will deliver a
new nation-wide communications system. This contract,
recently signed, has an initial value of approximately
15 million dollars.
Another major airlines-communication system contract
is with American Airlines for network transport services,
which will interface to over 65,000 terminals throughout
North America. This contract, recently awarded, is
proof that Christian Rovsing A/S hardware systems are
cost effective and can compete in the demanding commercial
market.
Much of the extensive management and technical experience
which Christian Rovsing has acquired in message switching
and data communication projects are directly applicable
to the IDCN project.
The company's overall exposure to major computer system
discipline reflects its ability to carry out a technically
demanding project.
2.2.4 R̲e̲l̲e̲v̲a̲n̲t̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲a̲c̲t̲s̲
2.2.4.1 R̲e̲l̲e̲v̲a̲n̲t̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲a̲c̲t̲s̲ ̲a̲t̲ ̲C̲h̲r̲i̲s̲t̲i̲a̲n̲ ̲R̲o̲v̲s̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲A̲/̲S̲
Eight major contracts are described below:
a) NICS-TARE for Litton Data Systems
b) FIKS for the Danish Ministry of Defence
c) CAMPS for NATO-SHAPE
d) LME-NET for L.M. Ericsson in Sweden
e) HAWK for NATO-HAWK
f) ADA Compiler for EEC
g) Protocol Converter for NATO-SHAPE
h) VIDEOTEX
i) Air Canada Data Network (ACDN)
j) Communication at Hill AFB/Edwards AFB
k) CROSS FOX for NATO/NODECA
l) Mobile War Headquarters for NATO/DMKL
m) American Airlines Data Network (AADN)
Each of these projects uses the CR80 computer, designed
and manufactured by Christian Rovsing A/S
To provide further information about the capabilities
of Christian Rovsing A/S as seen by our customers,
contact with the respective company or organisation
is invited.
a) N̲I̲C̲S̲-̲T̲A̲R̲E̲
Description: Communications Front-end Processors
for Message Switching Network
Customer: NATO Integrated Communications System
Management Agency, Brussels,Belgium
Prime Con- Litton Data Systems Inc.
tractor: Van Nuys,California.
CRA Sub-
contract
value: Approx. $6 Million
Program
Duration 36 months (1976-1979)
A rigorous and competitive evaluation of various front-end
communication processors was conducted by Litton's
Data Systems Division to satisfy NICSMA's stringent
operational and realiability requirements for TARE.
A CR80-based configuration was chosen on the criteria
of traffic handling, growth capability, reliability,
and cost.
The dualized configuration consists of two "CR COMPROCESSORS",
two groups of line termination units, and dual data-channel
interfaces to the TARE Message Processors. The modularity
and distributed processing aspects are apparent in
the use of repetitive functional units around a multi-level
data transfer bus structure (see FIGURE 2.2.5-1.
Christian Rovsing has developed a customized configuration
to NICSMA specifications and produced 20 dual-processors
and associated line termination sub-systems, each of
them capable of up to 163 line connections. Several
prototype systems have been delivered and successfully
tested. In addition to supplying the complete front-end
configuration, Christian Rovsing also assumed responsibility
for the definition, system design, and implementation
of the NICS-TARE line coordination protocols, buffering
and other communication preprocessing functions.
Our U.S. subsidiary, Christian Rovsing Corp., assumed
a major coordination role in supporting Litton NICS-TARE
effort.
A brief description of the TARE COMPROCESSOR subsystem
and its major functional role now follows.
The TARE Communication Processor Subsystem is a fully-redundant
front-end serving as concentrator and pre-processor
for a maximum of 163 lines. It interfaces the network
to the Litton L3050 Message Processors. A line-splitter
assembly routes the lines to two CP's. Both synchronous
(2400 baud) and asynchronous (600 baud) channels are
accomodated. Synchronous lines are controlled through
an EDC protocol (LITSYNC).
Message pre-processing is performed by a Multiplexer
Processor and a Communications Processors; both are
duplicated in the redundant configuration. The Multiplexer
performs the line polling. The Comprocessor does the
message processing and manages the interface to the
Message Processor. Message processing functions include
character sequence recognition, alphabet translation,
channel error recognition and EDC protocol management,
security checking, and message sector assembly and
distribution.
The CR80 Communication Processor is a distributed minicomputer
system specifically designed as a communications line
concentrator and pre-processor. Of recent design and
employing a modular architecture, it provides TARE
with a flexible front-end for individual line terminations,
multiplexing and character-orientated data processing.
Communication line characteristics such as speed, synchronization,
distortion, timeout, bit sampling, character and block
assembly are completely divorced from the L3050 Message
Processors. Extensive use of LSI contributes to the
versatility of the microprocessor controlled line termination
units. These form an integral part of the front-end
system and provide an interface to a variety of line
types for the interchange of data, control, and timing
signals.
The favorable impact of LSI on weight, size and power
requirements is clearly demonstrated by the compact
hardware packaging. (See FIGURE 2.2.5-2.
Of particular significance is the cost reduction realizable
by LSI. By way of illustration, it was economically
feasible to duplicate entire line termination units
to route traffic to both the active and hot stand-by
processors, thus allowing on-line switchover without
loss of data.
NICS-TARE H/W CONFIGURATION
SHOWING MODULARITY AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
FIGURE 2.2.4-1
NICS-TARE H/W PACKAGING
FIGURE 2.2.4-2
b) F̲I̲K̲S̲ ̲D̲e̲f̲e̲n̲c̲e̲ ̲I̲n̲t̲e̲g̲r̲a̲t̲e̲d̲ ̲C̲o̲m̲m̲u̲n̲i̲c̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲
Description: Defence Integrated Communications
System
Customer: Danish Ministry of Defence
Prime Con- Christian Rovsing
tractor:
Contract
Value: Approx. $ 7 Million
Program
Duration: 48 months (1978-1982)
FIKS is Denmark's tri-service defense communications
network. Its objective is to integrate, automate and
upgrade teletype command networks and data communications
systems previously operated individually by the Army,
Navy, and the Air Force.
Christian Rovsing and the Danish Air Material Command
jointly developed the top-level system specification,
and a contract was awarded early in 1978. The specification
covers design, development, installation and cut-over
of a common nodal network for message and data traffic.
FIKS provides higher survivability, improved security,
greater efficiency, simpler operation and easier expansion
through computerization.
FIKS integrates and fully automates message switching
and data transfer functions. It consists of a multi-node
network geographically distributed throughout Denmark.
As initially structured, 8 nodes are arranged in a
grid configuration and interconnected via 15 full-duplex
trunks operating at 9.6 kilobaud per line.
Message and data traffic under control of computerized
nodal switching centers are interchanged between military
users. Message users at remote terminals are served
through COMCENTERs, some of which are co-located at
the nodes.
Message traffic rates range from low-speed (50 baud)
to medium-speed (2400 baud). FIKS is sized to handle
a throughput of 25,000 messages per busy hour including
messages entering the network, multiple distribution
of messages, retrievals, service messages and a 25%
allowance for growth.
Data users, continuously, exchange information through
the FIKS network. Typical data users are military
data systems which relate to air defense, air traffic
control, intelligence and command nets such as LINK-1,
LOW-LEVEL RADAR, TVT EXTRACTORS, ACBA-CCIS, TOSCA,
FLY-PEP, CHODDEN, and INTEL.
The FIKS network interfaces to NICS-TARE through compatible
circuits and protocols. Also, access to the Nordic
Public Data Network, NPDN, is provided using CCITT
X.21 for circuit-switched calls and conversion to X.25
for virtual calls; this interface is consistent with
expansion to higher level X.25 packet switching.
To accomodate the navy's unique requirements, ship-to-shore
secure communications channels are provided through
the appropriate ground-based comcenters.
The generic elements of the Nodal Switching Center,
one of several in the FIKS network, are depicted in
FIGURE 2.2.6-3. Though physically separate, the Nodal
Switch is shown co-located with the System Control
Center and the Message Entry and Distribution Equipment.
An abbreviated list of functions performed by the system
includes:
- Message Preparation and Distribution
- Simplified ACP127 Format Handling
- Message Storage and Retrieval
- Network Supervision and Control
- Automatic Switchover and Recovery
- Alternative Routing
- Traffic and Operational Security.
FIKS GENERIC ELEMENTS
FIGURE 2.2.4-3
c) C̲A̲M̲P̲S̲
Description: Computer-aided Message Processing
System
Customer NATO-SHAPE, Brussels, Belgium
Prime
Contractor Christian Rovsing
Contract
Value: Approx. $ 30 Million
Program
Duration: 46 months (1980-1983)
Christian Rovsing has contracted with NATO (SHAPE)
to deliver CAMPS, the Computer Aided Message Processing
System, on a turn-key basis to a number of NATO sites
.
CAMPS has two essential functions:
1. CAMPS assists the user in message handling, i.e.
preparation, dispatch and receipt of messages.
2. CAMPS communicates with data networks, and other
systems such as SCARS II (Strategic Command and
Alert Reporting System) and ACE CCIS (Command Control
Information System).
There are, naturally, high demands for reliability
and security in a system like CAMPS, and these
demands are met by the hardware and software as
an entity.
The hardware system is based upon the company's
CR80 computer. In designing this computer, advanced,
proven technology has been employed. Reliability
is further secured by using MIL quality components
and by subjecting all electronic modules to a burn-in
cycle, (See FIGURE 2.2.5-5).
CAMPS SIMPLIFIED H/W-SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
FIGURE 2.2.4-5
The CAMPS software consists of system programs
and application programs. The software engineering
profits from the experience the company has obtained
through the participation in other complex message
processing and communication systems.
CAMPS will exchange data with other computer- associated
handling and communication systems. Interface systems,
which exist or are being developed, include NATO-TARE
and Tape Relay Centers plus SCARS II and ACE CCIS.
The interface design is structured to permit the
accomodation of new systems as they are introduced.
The primary format for messages will conform to
ACP-127 NATO SUPP-3 for all interfaces.
CCIS and SCARS II will utilize the X-25 data communication
protocol (CCITT) when interfacing with CAMPS.
To interconnect CAMPS with older CCIS equipment,
Christian Rovsing is implementing protocol converters.
Extensive use of up-to-date technology is required
to meet the stringent requirements set forth by
SHAPE. The hardware configuration features distributed,
autonomous processing-subsystems made economically
feasible by LSI (RAM's, PROM's, CPU's, USART's,
FIFO's, ALU's, etc.). The dualized configuration
is partitioned into three Processors per Processing
Unit with Main Memories, Terminal Data Exchanges,
and pre-processor-controlled Line Termination Units.
CAMPS also uses up-to-date technology like optical
fibre-optic communication to connect terminals
to the computer.
CAMPS is characterized quantitively by:(a) a connectivity
of 256 full-duplex lines or an equivalent 153,
600 bytes/second (b) a 240-megabyte mass storage
with 40-nano second access, providing virtually
immediate retrieval of 24-hour traffic (c) a peak
processing throughput of 30,000 messages/hour (d)
a cross-office processing time of 400 msec (e)
a system response time of less than 3 seconds (f)
a predicted systems availability greater than 0.999996.
CAMPS functional requirements deal with message
handling, preparation, coordination, release, and
distribution, format translation, storage and retrieval,
supervision control, statistics and reports, protocols,
and recovery and back-up-techniques. These aspects
of CAMPS are depicted by the simplified software
description shown in FIGURE 2.2.5-6.
Of particular significance are: (1) the cost, weight,
and size reduction achieved by CAMPS: the 6 rack,
12 KW Hardware represents a drastic reduction compared
to similar equipment (2) the unique security features
to prevent unauthorized access such as privileged
instructions, memory bounds, and separate SYSTEM
USER states.
A typical CAMPS installation consists of the following
elements(see FIGURE 2.2.5-7).
- Processors and Mass Storage (3-bay Rack)
- Line Interface Equipment (4-bay Rack)
- Supervisory Console
- Software Maintenance Equipment
- Spares/Tools Cabinet.
The above equipment complement, which does not
include the terminal option for remote locations,
is installed in a secure area dedicated to CAMPS.
The computer crates are installed in COMSEC approved
TEMPTEST EMI-racks.
CAMPS S/W SYSTEM CONFIGURATION - OVERVIEW
FIGURE 2.2.4-6
CAMPS TYPICAL SITE LAY-OUT
FIGURE 2.2.4-7
d) L̲M̲E̲-̲N̲E̲T̲
Customer: L.M. Ericsson, Stockholm, Sweden
Prime Con-
tractor: Christian Rovsing
Contract
Value: Approx. $ 4.5 Million
Program
Duration: 48 months (1979-1983)
The L.M.Ericsson Data Network is being developed as
a private data communication network to cover the need
within LME for communication between data centres and
terminal users.
LME-NET is based on the CR80 computer, and the first
phase consists of (see FIGURE 2.2.5-8):
o a network center
o a host interface processor system for connection
of IBM and UNIVAC computers
o 10 switching nodes where traffic is collected and
directed to the receiver
o a number of leased lines between the nodes, eight
of which are in Sweden, one in Copenhagen and one
in Madrid.
In the later phases, the network will be enlarged with:
o additional network control centers, which will
enable distributed control of the network
o additional geographically distributed host interface
processors, perhaps with interfaces to the other
machine types, e.g. ICL
o connection via satellite to new nodes, e.g. in
Brazil.
o The LME-NET architecture is based on the following
concept:
1. A general standardized transport facility is provided.
The network will follow international standards
for packet switch data networks as defined by CCITT
in the recommendation X.25. This will enable later
connection to public networks and ensure the adaptation
of LMENET to future standards.
2. Existing makes of computers and terminals can be
connected to the general network by means of mechanisms
in the network which do not require modifications
of the existing system.
The above concept will enable a layered construction
of LMENET following recognized principles of system
construction in general, and network construction
in particular (ISO's seven-layer model for network:
Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model).
LMENET provides the following functions:
o complete monitoring and control of the network,
independent of host computers connected
o emulation of a network complying with IBM's
Systems Network Architecture (SNA) in order
to establish communication between the IBM
user programs and the SNA terminals as well
as certain non-SNA terminals.
o emulation of network complying with UNIVAC's
Distributed Communication Architecture (DCA)
which enables communication between UNIVAC
user programs and terminals
o direct program to program communication
o various traffic types with different resource
requirements
- dialog traffic
- batch traffic
- transparent traffic
The first phase of the LMENET went into operation
in July 1982, with six connected host computers
and approximately 2000 terminals.
LME-NET PHASE 1 CONFIGURATION
FIGURE 2.2.4-8
e) H̲A̲W̲K̲ ̲A̲T̲D̲L̲/̲M̲B̲D̲L̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲v̲e̲r̲t̲e̲r̲
Customer: NATO HAWK Production and Logistic
Office
Prime Con-
tractor: Christian Rovsing
1. D̲e̲v̲e̲l̲o̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲a̲c̲t̲
Contract
Value: Approx. $ 1.2 Million
Program
Duration: April 1979 - Oct. 1981.
2. P̲r̲o̲d̲u̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲a̲c̲t̲
Contract
Value: Approx. $ 6 Million
Program
Duration: Nov. 81 - Aug. 84.
I̲n̲t̲r̲o̲d̲u̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
The ATDL/MBDL…0e…1)…0f… Converter (AMC) constitutes the means
by which PIP modified IHAWK batteries, communicating
in ATDL-1, and Battery Operation Control (BOC), communicating
in MBDL, are able to exchange information.
The MBDL was the message format used for communication
between BOC and HAWK batteries in the earlier design.
The PIP modification of the IHAWK batteries introduced
a new message format, ATDL-1, which is much more powerful
than the MBDL.
The AMC is a CR80 computer that in most applications
will be located inside the BOC shelter. In such configurations
only the ATDL communication lines using the connectors
normally used for the MBDL communication are visible
from outside the BOC shelter
1) ATDL: Army Tactical Data Link
MBDL: Missile Battery Data Link
I̲n̲t̲e̲r̲f̲a̲c̲e̲ ̲D̲e̲s̲c̲r̲i̲p̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
Up to 8 PIP modified IHAWK batteries can be connected
to the AMC via ATDL links. Similarly the AMC is connected
to the 8 MBDL battery links of the BOC.
In FIGURE 2.2.5-9 a schematic of the interconnection
to BOC and Batteries is shown.
The AMC will receive commands and reference track messages
from the BOC in MBDL format. The commands will be transmitted
to the relevant IHAWK battery in ATDL format.
The ATDL status messages received from the batteries
will be converted to MBDL and transmitted to the BOC
for presentation on the display.
As the ATDL message format enables an extensive exchange
of track-information, a track file is established in
the AMC to support the forwarding of this information
to all other batteries.
The software block diagram for the AMC is shown in
FIGURE 2.2.5-10.
E̲n̲v̲i̲r̲o̲n̲m̲e̲n̲t̲a̲l̲ ̲D̲e̲s̲c̲r̲i̲p̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
As the AMC is installed in a shelter which is transported
from site to site between operations, the CR80 modules
have been environmentally tested to demonstrate that
the equipment is capable to survive these conditions.
AMC INTERCONNECTION SCHEMATIC
FIGURE 2.2.4-9
AMC FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 2.2.4-10
f) A̲D̲A̲ ̲C̲o̲m̲p̲i̲l̲e̲r
Customer: European Economic Community
Contract
value: Approx. $ 3.2 Million
Program
Duration: 36 month (1981-1984)
The ADA Compiler Development Project will produce an
easily portable compiler and Run-time system for the
full Ada language as standardized by the U.S. Department
of Defense.
DOD certification is planed for early 1984. An essestial
aspect of the DA compiler is the facility for linking
the SWELL S/W language - a structured low level language
used with the CR80 computer - thus enabling reuse of
existing S/W in context of new projects programmed
in ADA.
The compiler system will be tailored for mini/micro
computer system applications. Particular attention
will be given to minimize necessary address and/or
physical memory space in such systems.
The total system project encompasses the following
subprojects:
1) Specification and implementation of a standard
interface to the operating system and file system
of the host computer. The standard interface will
conform to the Stoneman KAPSE requirements and
will be specified as an ADA package. Particular
attention will be paid to the design of the KAPSE
database.
2) Minimum Toolset for ADA Program Development, conforming
to the Stoneman MAPSE requirements. The toolset
contains the following program development items:
- Text Editor
- ADA Compiler (see point 4)
- Linker
- Debugger
- Database Utility
- Command Interpreter
- Object Formatters (including Pretty Printer)
- Library File Utilities.
3) Distributed System Study addressing the impacts
on the total system (KAPSE/MAPSE) caused by a distributed
system architecture.
4) Ada Compiler, consisting of:
- Front End Compiler which converts ADA source
code into an intermediate language.
- Separate Compilation Handler
- Back End Compiler which generates A-code from
the intermediate language.
The front end compiler produced in this project
will be a test version primarily intended for generation
of test input to the back end compiler and test
of the compiler interfaces to KAPSE/MAPSE. The
project also includes adaption and integration
of an optimizing front end compiler produced by
a French/German consortium (Alsys/CII Honeywell-
Bull/Siemens).
An important aspect of the compiler development
project is the propagation of the formal and systematic
software engineering methods used to produce the
ADA compiler.
5) Run Time System including virtual machine:
- Design of portable run time system (A-code
machine, tasking kernel, i/o system).
- Implementation of run time system on the Christian
Rovsing CR80 and on the Olivetti S6000 computers.
Points 1, 2 and 3 are being carried out by the Italian
partner with Systems Designers Limited (England) as
subcontractor, while points 4 and 5 are being carried
out by the Danish partners.
The complete system will be implemented on the Olivetti
S6000 computer, which is a 16-bit minicomputer with
virtual memory, and on the Christian Rovsing A/S CR80
computer, which is a 16-bit minicomputer with multiprocessor
capabilities, 32M byte memory space, 128K byte program
addressing space, and 128K byte data space.
The total system is financed by the Commission of the
European Communities with a grant of 21 million Danish
Kroner (approximately 2.7 million European Units of
Account, or US $ 3.2. million ), which corresponds
to 50% of the total development costs. The remaining
development costs are covered by the participating
companies and various public sources and funds.
The total system project requires approximately 1000
man months and will be completed in 1984.
At present Christian Rovsing has implemented a subset
of the ADA Compiler on the CR80 computer, translating
ADA code to the system programming language SWELL.
g) P̲R̲O̲T̲O̲C̲O̲L̲ ̲C̲O̲N̲V̲E̲R̲T̲E̲R̲
Description: CAMPS and SCARS II interface
adaptors to CCIS/Honeywell
6060
Customer: NATO-SHAPE, Belgium
Prime Contractor: Christian Rovsing A/S
Contract Value: Approx. US $ 1 million
Program Duration: mid 1982 to mid 1984
SHAPE has approved a concept for the improvement
of command and control through the use of ADP.
This concept includes a requirement for the linking
of host computers supporting an ACE-wide data
base which is updated from information primarily
contained in original messages of the ACE reporting
system. The linking of CAMPS, SCARS and ACE-CCIS
systems is a major step towards the realization
of this concept (see FIGURE 2.2.5-11). Christian
Rovsing will provide interface adapters to achieve
CAMPS - SCARS II - CCIS System interoperability.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER/CAMPS Hardware Commonality
will enable SHAPE to intergrate CAMPS, SCARS II
and CCIS in a minimum of time, at a lower cost,
and with a proven level of availability.
The CAMPS (Computer Aided Message Processing System)
was installed at SHAPE and in the Central Region
(CR) in January 1983. In Jan 1983, testing began
and was completed in June 1983. SCARS II (Status
Control Alerting and Reporting System) will be
installed at SHAPE, and CAMPS and SCARS II are
required to interface with the Honeywell 6060
to permit an automated message flow between the
networks supporting the systems. Final system
acceptance is planned for mid 1984.
FIGURE 2.2.4-11
PROTOCOL CONVERTER
showing CAMPS, SCARS, and CCIS Interoperability
h) V̲I̲D̲E̲O̲T̲E̲X̲
Description : Information retrieval and display
system
Customer: Danish Tele-administration
Prime Contractor: Christian Rovsing A/S
Program Duration: end 1980 - end 1981 (VIDEOTEX
is available as a CR commercial
product)
I̲n̲t̲r̲o̲d̲u̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
VIDEOTEX is the name given to a low cost, easy to use,
two way information service for homes, offices, libraries,
schools, railway terminals, etc. The main objective
of VIDEOTEX is to provide subscribers with information
- text and graphics - at an ordinary TV console.
Information provided to subscribers comes from a VIDEOTEX
Computer Center (VCC) data base maintained by participaing
suppliers of information. Information can be updated
in several ways:
o on-line immediate edit - supplier determines when
to update
o on-line bulk edit - supplier can transmit new data
to VCC at any time; VCC updates at scheduled times
o off-line magnetic tape transfer - VCC updates at
scheduled times
o direct connection through VCC between subscribers
and suppliers.
A subscriber establishes a two-way information session
via common carrier switched lines by dialing VCC. If
an input port is available, VCC accepts the call request
and gives access rights. If a call request cannot be
accepted, the subscribed receives a busy tone - as
with normal telephone usage.
A subscriber can access information and can also transmit
a message to other subscribers or suppliers of information.
Finally, interactive services between a subscriber
and the VCC can be provided.
S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲F̲u̲n̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲
The principal functions offered by VIDEOTEX are:
o Information Retrieval
o Message Service
o On-line Applications
o Transaction Service
o Closed User Groups
o On-line Editing
V̲I̲D̲E̲O̲ ̲D̲a̲t̲a̲b̲a̲s̲e̲ ̲U̲n̲i̲t̲
The VIDEOTEX Data Base Unit (VDBU) is a self-contained
computer system containing hardware/software to control
and maintain an internal database. The VBU is dualized
as it is a mandatory function of VIDEOTEX. Therefore,
the VIDEOTEX configuration contains 2 VDBUs - one acting
as a back-up for the other. Thus it is possible to
reestablish the data base after a disc failure.
E̲q̲u̲i̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲D̲e̲s̲i̲g̲n̲
An overview of the hardware structure is given in FIGURE
2.2.5-12, and the principal components are:
o VIDEOTEX Retrieval Unit
o VIDEOTEX Database Unit
o VIDEOTEX Input Unit
o VIDEOTEX External Database Unit
Each unit is a self-contained, operational computer
system and is dedicated to specific sub-tasks. Interchange
of information between units is via the TDX-Bus, a
time division multiplex path with high band-width.
FIGURE 2.2.4-12
VIDEOTEX Computer System Configuration
showing modular design
S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲G̲r̲o̲w̲t̲h̲ ̲
The VIDEOTEX System Architecture (VSA) developed by
Christian Rovsing A/S is based on a comprehensive and
flexible approach; the system contains a number of
operatinal capabilities performed by distributed processing
elements which together provide the desired VIDEOTEX
Service.
Each processing element communicates with other operational
elements through a transmission network (e.g. X.25
package switching network, local area network, TDX-bus,
etc.)
System growth and expansion is, by virtue of the distributed
architecture, very flexible, and in fact the growth
potential is only a question of network capacity.
i) A̲i̲r̲ ̲C̲a̲n̲a̲d̲a̲ ̲D̲a̲t̲a̲ ̲N̲e̲t̲w̲o̲r̲k̲ ̲(̲A̲C̲D̲N̲)̲ ̲
A contract to build an advanced data communication
network for Air Canada has recently been received by
Christian Rovsing A/S after an proposal effort in competition
with major international computer companies. The network
will be based on the CR80 computer, which has been
developed by Christian Rovsing A/S and which will be
built at the company's modern manufacturing plant in
Ballerup, Denmark.
The new data network will provide the backbone for
Air Canada's overall data communication, covering ticket
reservations, passenger aircraft and airfreight information,
as well as administrative and financial tasks, thus
necessitating a network that can meet strict requirements
for reliability and security.
The data network will consist of three nodes in respectively
Toronto, Montreal, and Winnipeg. Each node will contain
a powerfull CR80 computer to control network communication
including 15,000 Air Canada terminals throughout North
America.
As Air Canada is recognized as a communications leader
among the airlines, the order to Christian Rovsing
A/S is another mark of international recognition for
the company's data communication expertise.
j) D̲J̲O̲T̲/̲D̲R̲E̲S̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲a̲t̲ ̲H̲i̲l̲l̲ ̲A̲F̲B̲ ̲(̲U̲t̲a̲h̲)̲ ̲E̲d̲w̲a̲r̲d̲s̲ ̲A̲F̲B̲
̲(̲C̲a̲l̲i̲f̲o̲r̲n̲i̲a̲)̲
The Data Job Transmission (DJOT)/Data Review
System (DRES) is being developed for the Utah
Test and Training Range (UTTR) at Hill AFB, Utah
by the Christian Rovsing Corporation, Thousand
Oaks, California. DJOT/DRES became operational
in October, 1983.
The primary AF objective is to perform first
generation data processing at Hill AFB, and all
other processing at Edwards AFB. The DAPAC system
is the primary first generation processor at
Hill AFB. The Cyber computers provide processing
resources at Edwards AFB.
DJOT/DRES provides services to support this objective.
The following is a general description of DJOT/DRES
capabilities:
a) A communications capability linking the Data
Oprations Center (DOC) at Hill AFB and the
Flight Test Mission Control Center (FTMCC)
at Edwards AFB by existing microwave equipment
to provide:
1) High speed transfer of data between the
two facilities.
2) Remote job entry/remote job output (RJE/RJO)
for the Cyber at FTMCC to support UTTR
customers.
3) Remote interactive service on the Cyber
system for users at the DOC for Cyber
software development, data file access,
and the management of data processing
performed at FTMCC.
4) Transfer of ASCII files between facilities.
b) Creation, editing and storage of ASCII files
at UTTR.
c) Online and offline storage sufficient to
receive, store, list, display, and transmit
flight test data generated at UTTR or FTMCC.
d) Online data review capability for:
1) Quality control of first generation data
processing.
2) "Quick-look" and graphics generation
for flight test data.
DJOT comprises two physical subsystems, DJOT/E and
DJOT/H, located at Edwards AFB and Hill AFB, respectively.
Each of these subsystems is based on a CR80M (mapped)
Computer System running the Distributed Advanced Multiprocessor
Operating System (DAMOS).
The system block diagram is shown in FIGURE 2.2.4-13.
FIGURE 2.2.4-13
DJOT/DRES SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
k) C̲R̲O̲S̲S̲ ̲F̲O̲X̲ ̲M̲E̲S̲S̲A̲G̲E̲ ̲P̲R̲O̲C̲E̲S̲S̲I̲N̲G̲ ̲F̲A̲C̲I̲L̲I̲T̲Y̲
PURCHASER: NATO/Norwegian Defence
Communications Administration
PRIME CONTRACTOR: Harris Corporation, RF
Communications Group
CONTRACT VALUE: Approx. $4 million
PROGRAM DURATION: 48 Months (1983-1987)
Christian Rovsing A/S has been awarded a contract for
the CROSSFOX Message Processing Facility (MPF); CROSSFOX
is a NATO procurement to provide reliable communications
between shore-based and ship-based commands.
Highlights of the MPF are redundant Message Centres
(MC's) for compilation of ship-to-shore HF message
signals, message processing, and message switching.
The Message Compilation Unit (MCU) will ensure ship-to-shore
communications with a high level of confidence by processing
multiple HF signals which individually can be of doubtful
quality.
Message processing provides analysis of formatted messages
for automatic distribution, including direction of
messages containing erros to message service operators
and supervisory staff for correction. Facilities are
provided for both short and long term storage. Additionally,
the system includes multiple levels of security for
handling messages, thus ensuring that only staff with
acceptable security credentials can access classified
messages. Automatic format conversion - conversion
from ACP 126 to ACP 127 - is provided, and should yield
a significant savings in manpower.
Message switching facilities effect transmission of
messages by broadcast (BC), Maritime Rear Link (MRL),
and TRC/TARE lines. It should be noted that the two
last means of communication can also serve for message
reception by a Message Center. Finally, direct communication
between MC's will ensure back-up facilities.
An overview of the most essential communication aspects
is given in Figure 2.2.4-14.
FIGURE 2.2.4-14
MESSAGE SUBSYSTEM INTERFACE OVERVIEW
The CROSSFOX MCU/MPF is implemented by the CR80 Computer.
Essentially, the CR80 offers high:
. Availability
. Security
. Growth
High availability is ensured by the redundant, self-monitoring
design with automatic switchover. On-line maintenance
and module replacement reduces down-time and results
in increased availability.
Security is implemented by both hardware and software,
with separation of data and programs for each user;
only trusted users can access programs and change them.
Additionally, user areas of data are protected from
other users.
Growth is facilitated by the modular design of the
CR80, allowing:
. 50: 1 range in instruction execution rate.
. 1000: 1 range in memory capacity.
. 80: 1 range in processing power.
. 400: 1 range in connectivity.
A cost-effective solution to CROSSFOX is achieved by
virtue of in-house experience on related programs.
The CR80 hardware implementation benefits from the
CAMPS design, and a significant part of the CAMPS message
processing software (applications software) can be
re-used on the CROSSFOX Program.
l) A̲F̲C̲E̲N̲T̲ ̲M̲O̲B̲I̲L̲E̲ ̲W̲A̲R̲ ̲H̲E̲A̲D̲Q̲U̲A̲R̲T̲E̲R̲S̲ ̲-̲ ̲M̲E̲S̲S̲A̲G̲E̲ ̲E̲N̲T̲R̲Y̲
̲&̲ ̲D̲I̲S̲T̲R̲I̲B̲U̲T̲I̲O̲N̲ ̲S̲Y̲S̲T̲E̲M̲ ̲(̲M̲E̲D̲S̲)̲
Purchaser: NATO/DMKL (Dutch Material Procurement
Command)
Prime Contractor: Hollandse Signaalapparaten
Contract Value: Approx. $ 2.5 million
Program Duration: 24 Months (1983-1985)
Christian Rovsing A/S has been awarded the contract
for the AFCENT MWHQ - Message Entry & Distribution
System (MEDS).
Implementation will be based on the CR Local Area
Network TDX-Bus, which has been produced since
1978 and implemented in various Military and Commercial
Projects.
Two MEDS are included, the Main Element and the
Leapfrog Element. The Main Element is the one currently
operational while the Leapfrog Element is being
moved to a new site for installation. An artist
concept of the MWHQ equipment layout and interconnection
is shown in Figure 2.2.4-15.
The MEDS will:
- Control preparation of outgoing messages originated
in the MWHQ Staff Element, i.e. message preparation
and co-ordination at VDUs.
- Process already prepared messages by storing
and subsequent presentation for supervisors
for conversion to transmission formats.
- Transmit all outgoing messages via MWHQ switching
system.
- Receive all incoming messages for the AFCENT
MWHQ.
- Process already received messages by storing
and subsequent presentation for supervisors
for distribution.
- Assist supervisory personnel in distribution
of incoming messages to users in the Staff
Element.
FIGURE 2.2.4-15…01…MWHQ EQUIPMENT LAYOUT AND INTERCONNECTION
The TDX-net solution to the MEDS is a flexible
and versatile approach, providing AFCENT with a
truly distributed system. The number of different
hardware modules used is limited in order to simplify
spare parts handling. The processing power of the
MEDS is distributed over various micro-computers,
and inter- communication is via the TDX-bus, which
is a twisted pair of two coasiial cables. The TDX-bus
has been utilised in other military projects, e.g.
CAMPS and FIKS.
The MEDS will be equipped with word processing
systems to enable the supervisory personnel to
convert the message format from the internal format
to the external format.
In keeping with Christian Rovsing A/S' tradition
for cost effective systems implementation, emphasis
will be on using hardware, software, and procedures
which have been developed in the course of other
projects. Broad experience within NATO, for example,
has resulted in a deep understanding of the needs
for a user-friendly man-machine-interface (MMI),
and design of the MWHQ-MEDS will benefit from many
man-years of investment.
m) A̲M̲E̲R̲I̲C̲A̲N̲ ̲A̲I̲R̲L̲I̲N̲E̲S̲ ̲D̲A̲T̲A̲ ̲N̲E̲T̲W̲O̲R̲K̲ ̲(̲A̲A̲D̲N̲)̲
Initially, the AADN will provide a connection and
transport services between American Airline's widely
distributed terminal population and its computer
facility in Tulsa currently supported by 11 large
host processors, 7 real-time and 4 commercial,
all IBM 370 compatible.
Four of the real-time host processors will execute
the majority of the AADN enquiry/response traffic,
a total of more than 1000 transactions per sec.
AADN will provide connections with resources belonging
to several external networks, including ARINC,
as well as to other airlines computer facilities.
A substantial number of terminals are located on
the SITA network throughout the world. These terminals
will enjoy nearly the same level of service as
domestic terminals.
An indirect service is provided to directly connected
SABRE terminals, enabling agents to use AA transaction
procedures even though being served by foreign
airlines reservation systems. This service is provided
by SMART systems which enables AMEX terminals direct
access to the AA real-time host complex.
The network topology of the baseline AADN is a
star network with the hub located in Tulsa; 14
network processor sites are connected with the
hub via internodal trunk groups; generally, high
speed, wideband connections; each network processor
terminates a substantial local terminal population.
The terminals are widely spread over the entire
U.S., in Mexico, the Caribbean and Canada. Also,
a substantial number of terminals are located on
the SITA network throughout the world.
The baseline AADN will be equipped to support more
than 65,000 devices, this total is the projected
end-1984 terminal population.
The American Airlines terminals provide service
to several different classes of users, and are
consequently located in different environments,
among others:
o Network Operations Center (NOC)
o SABRE Field Services
o Airport
o City Ticket Offices
o Consolidated Reservations Offices
o Travel Agencies
o Corporate Locations
o Freight Offices
o Administration.
3 P̲R̲O̲J̲E̲C̲T̲ ̲M̲A̲N̲A̲G̲E̲M̲E̲N̲T̲ ̲S̲T̲A̲N̲D̲A̲R̲D̲S̲
3.1 P̲R̲O̲J̲E̲C̲T̲ ̲A̲P̲P̲R̲O̲A̲C̲H̲
This section contains the project management and implementation
approach for the proposed effort. The techniques to
be employed have been refined in previous projects,
and the capabilities of Christian Rovsing demonstrated
by its history of accomplishment will ensure the successful
development of the IDCN. The highlights of this approach
include:
o Reliable, off-the-shelf equipment utilising the
latest technology.
o Effective management controls and reporting procedures.
o A realistic implementation and support plan to
ensure operational capability within schedule.
In describing its management and implementation plan,
Christian Rovsing has combined a total systems approach
with advanced business and financial techniques. This
approach ensures that the total scope of the effort
has been identified, defined, and analysed, and will
be responded to in accordance with the requirements
of the overall project.
3.2 M̲A̲N̲A̲G̲E̲M̲E̲N̲T̲ ̲A̲N̲D̲ ̲O̲R̲G̲A̲N̲I̲S̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
A dedicated Project Office will be established within
the Systems Division - see FIGURE 3-1.
The Project Office will have total system responsibility,
cognizance and control authority in order to co-ordinate
in-house activities and provide close liaison with
the customer throughout the project.
The Project Manager will undertake the tasks of Engineering
Management, Operations Management and be supported
by the Logistics Manager.
Within the supporting functional departments MWHQ-MEDS
activities will be assigned as project entities.
The site installations, provisioning, documentation,
training and field support aspects of the project will
be planned and co-ordinated by the Logistics Project
Manager supported by the Logistics Support Staff of
Christian Rovsing A/S.
The Project Office will establish the baseline for
work breakdowns, specifications, schedules and budgets;
it will monitor variances and initiate corrective action.…86…1
…02… …02… …02… …02…
IDCN RELATIONSHIP WITHIN
THE SYSTEMS DIVISION
FIGURE 3-1
3.3 P̲R̲O̲J̲E̲C̲T̲ ̲I̲M̲P̲L̲E̲M̲E̲N̲T̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲ ̲P̲L̲A̲N̲ ̲(̲P̲I̲P̲)̲
The Project Implementation Plan, PIP, establishes a
firm baseline for all activities against which status,
progress and performance can be evaluated and controlled.
The PIP will be used as a management tool to provide
visibility and control of the project. It describes
the schedule, performance control system, the detailed
Work Breakdown Struct (WBS), the project administration,
the interfaces with Shape and other aspects of the
project.
3.4 T̲O̲P̲-̲L̲E̲V̲E̲L̲ ̲W̲O̲R̲K̲ ̲B̲R̲E̲A̲K̲D̲O̲W̲N̲ ̲S̲T̲R̲U̲C̲T̲U̲R̲E̲ ̲(̲W̲B̲S̲)̲
The WBS will be the framework for establishing work
packages, schedules and budgets for managing the project
and will provide the baseline for performance evaluation.
A project tasks overview is shown in FIGURE 3-2.
The WBS is under management control and changes to
the WBS require Project Office approval. Combined
with the master schedule milestones for engineering,
operations and logistics, the WBS will become the system-level
plan.
PROJECT TASKS OVERVIEW
FIGURE 3-2
3.5 O̲P̲E̲R̲A̲T̲I̲N̲G̲ ̲P̲R̲O̲C̲E̲D̲U̲R̲E̲S̲
The Project Office is responsible for:
P̲l̲a̲n̲n̲i̲n̲g̲:̲ Evaluation of contract
requirements and allocation
of work to the various
functional departments.
W̲o̲r̲k̲
A̲s̲s̲i̲g̲n̲m̲e̲n̲t̲s̲:̲ Assurance of work statements,
specification, budgets
and schedules reglecting
requirements.
M̲o̲n̲i̲t̲o̲r̲i̲n̲g̲:̲ Periodic review of technical
schedule and cost performance
applying programme control
through budget authorisation.
C̲o̲-̲o̲r̲d̲i̲n̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲:̲ Co-ordination of all projects
activities between operating
departments.
Internal management procedures have been developed
as a practical cost/schedule control system which produce
valid, auditable and timely performance reports. Variancies
from budget and schedule are quickly identified and
significant deviations are flagged for immediate project
management attention and corrective action.
Technical supervision and monitoring are effected through
periodic design reviews with hardware and software
engineering managers.
The primary management controls are based on a well-planned
WBS, master schedule and budget. Firm baselines established
early in the project provide the basis for managing
it. (see FIGURE 3-3).
The WBS consists of a family tree of hardware, software,
services and tasks organized to define and geographically
display the work to be accomplished for a successful
implementation of the project. As a planning tool,
it defines the work packages for planning, scheduling
and cost control, negotiated and approved project changes
are reflected in the baseline WBS.
The master schedule incorporates customer-directed
milestones and indicates the timing relationships of
the WBS elements. Detailed plans derived from the master
schedule establish work package milestones.
The budget baseline allocates the resources between
operating departments following contract award. Work
authorisations are timephased based on schedule constraints.
Internal budget allocations allow for the retainment
of funds for contigencies and unforeseen effort.
All detailed packages identified and assigned from
the WBS are defined by a statement of work, schedule,
and budget thus establishing a performance measurement
baseline.
WBS, MASTER SCHEDULE AND BUDGET
FIGURE 3-3
3.6 C̲O̲S̲T̲ ̲C̲O̲N̲T̲R̲O̲L̲
The project cost and schedule control system (CSCS)
applied by Christian Rovsing to medium and large size
projects is based upon a multi-level Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS).
o Level 1 defines the Main WBS items within the responsibility
of each functional manager.
o Intermediate levels define Summary Work Packages
(SWP) within the responsibility of a single task
manager.
o The lowest level defines the Work Packages (WP)
constituting an SWP. WP's are the units of effort/tasks
from which project schedule and cost performance
are monitored. As a guideline each WP is defined
not to exceed a 3 months duration from start to
completion. The total effort is not to exceed 6
manmonths.
Reporting of SWPs in progress, i.e. degree of completion,
and effort spent on the WP-lewvel takes place monthly.
These reports serve a dual purpose by giving early
warnings of both threatening schedule delays and cost
overruns.
The overall impact of a threatening delay in completion
of a WP is judged from Tracking Forms easily identifying
the interrelations between SWP's in terms of due dates
for input necessary for the timely performance.
The impact of a threatening cost overrun is judged
from regular quarterly and ad hoc project budget revisions
taking into account both cost-to-date and the latest
estimates of effort needed for completion. The computerised
processing of these data ensures up-to-date information.
By constantly monitoring schedule and cost performance
from a single source of information, i.e. the SWP-managers
monthly reporting, the CSCS applied by Christian Rovsing
ensures consistency in the information from which the
Project Management identifies problem areas and takes
subsequent corrective action.
3.7 Q̲U̲A̲L̲I̲T̲Y̲ ̲A̲S̲S̲U̲R̲A̲N̲C̲E̲ ̲(̲Q̲A̲)̲
The Quality Assurance Manager (QAM) is responsible
for all QA tasks within the division. This includes
the establishment and control of general QA procedures
and special QA procedures for dedicated projects.
The Engineering Drawing Office and Secretariat operate
in accordance with the procedures established and controlled
by the QAM.
The Quality Assurance Manager is in particular responsible
for:
3.7.1 P̲a̲r̲t̲s̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲M̲a̲t̲e̲r̲i̲a̲l̲ ̲(̲P̲&̲M̲)̲
P&M is responsible for procurement control, vendor
evaluation & qualification, and performs a support
function for receiving inspecton and purchasing.
3.7.2 R̲e̲l̲i̲a̲b̲i̲l̲i̲t̲y̲
This is a supervision function available for all projects.
Reliability analysis, trade-offs, and tests are performed
by the project team under the supervision and control
of QA.
3.7.3 Q̲u̲a̲l̲i̲t̲y̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲ ̲(̲Q̲C̲)̲
This includes the establishment and control of general
QC procedures within the division and special QC procedures
for dedicated projects, and the establishment and control
of QC requirements relating to subcontractors and suppliers.
The QC function is in particular responsible for:
- Evaluation of quality control plans
- Evaluation of inspection plans
- Incoming inspection of parts and materials and
subcontractual items
- In-process inspection
- End-item acceptance test
- Shop procedures
- Control of special procedures
- Metrology and calibration relating to test instrument
and tools
- Electrical and environmental tests
- Entrance control and cleanliness control of restricted
clean room areas
- Control of packing & shipping
- Trend reporting
- Quality audits
3.7.4 Q̲A̲-̲P̲o̲l̲i̲c̲y̲
The Quality Assurance Policy of the company is defined
in CR/QAP/001, "Quality Assurance Policy" which has
been appended as Appendix B.
Based on this policy, the company has implemented a
standard QA-system which is fully compliant with "NATO
Quality Control System Requirements for Industry",
AQAP-1.
3.7.5 Q̲A̲-̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲
The standard QA system comprises a series of functions
among whuich are:
o Q̲u̲a̲l̲i̲t̲y̲ ̲P̲l̲a̲n̲n̲i̲n̲g̲
At an early point in the contract performance,
the quality requirements are reviewed and a contract
related Quality Plan is established. This plan
is based on the standard QA system but may contain
amendments or exemptions, if necessary. The plan
contains detailed scheduling of QA participation
in such activities like design reviews, factory
test, acceptance test, etc.
o D̲e̲s̲i̲g̲n̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲
The QA system provides strict control of all new
designs of both hardware and software. Design Reviews
are scheduled and performed and no design is released
for production/programming without proper approval.
o C̲o̲n̲f̲i̲g̲u̲r̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲C̲h̲a̲n̲g̲e̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲
A Configuration and Change Control system assures
that all necessary documentation is established
and baselined. Also software is placed under control
after programming and development test. The Change
Control is managed by a board with participation
of a customer representative, if required.
o W̲o̲r̲k̲ ̲I̲n̲s̲t̲r̲u̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲
In all areas where necessary for quality, work
instructions and standards are established. Standards
define the required quality level and instructions
define processes needed to reach that level.
o I̲n̲s̲p̲e̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲T̲e̲s̲t̲
Detailed procedures are established for Inspection
and Tests to be performed during development, production
and upon completion of the contract (acceptance
test).
o R̲e̲c̲o̲r̲d̲s̲
All inspection and test results - as well as any
other events significant for the documentation
of the product quality - are recorded and kept
in the QA files until completion of the contract.
3.8 C̲O̲N̲F̲I̲G̲U̲R̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲ ̲M̲A̲N̲A̲G̲E̲M̲E̲N̲T̲
The configuration management function is performed
by staff of the Quality Assurance Section with divisional
responsibility for configuration management. For each
project, however, an individual Configuration Management
Plan is prepared. This organizational arrangement
provides consistency from project to project, ensuring
that the benefits of experience are passed on while
taking into account the individual demands of each
project and customer.
Major functions of configuration management are:
o Configuration Identification
o Configuration Control
o Status Accounting
o Configuration
o Configuration Auditing
Configuration Identification of all items released
as part of the baseline configuraiton as well as subsequent
change documentation to these items is accomplished
by identifying numbers. Examples of identifying numbers
are:
- drawing or part number
- revision number
- serial number
- specification description number
- change identification number.
Configuration Control of project office initiated changes
is ensured by a Configuration Control Board (CCB) which
includes project relevant experts and which is chaired
by the configuration management staff member responsible
to the project. The CCB is responsible for analysis,
classification and approval of changes to:
- specifications and procedures
- engineering drawings
- hardware and software
- documentation
Configuration Status Acounting catalogues the information
and documentation required for configuration control.
Examples are:
- approved engineering documentation
- status reports of proposed changes
- implementation status of approved changes
Configuration Auditing provides the results of formal
examination of the configuration. A Physical Configuration
Audit (PCA) compares the as-built version of a configuration
item with the items technical documentation to establish
whether the item meets the product baseline. A Functional
Configuration Audit (PCA) verifies if the configuration
meets all tests required by development specifications.
3.9 C̲O̲N̲T̲R̲A̲C̲T̲S̲ ̲M̲A̲N̲A̲G̲E̲M̲E̲N̲T̲ ̲&̲ ̲A̲D̲M̲I̲N̲I̲S̲T̲R̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
Contracts Management and Administration is a staff
function within the division providing support services
to the Project Manager.
The function is responsible for the following:
o Contract terms and conditions in relation to the
customer
o Contract terms and conditions for purchase orders
on sub-contractors and suppliers of standard equipment
and supplies
o Project budgets
o Invoicing
o Settlement of suppliers and sub-contractors
o Finance
o Cost control
The function is required to keep such cost and accounting
records as are required to perform audit consistent
with Danish law and according to the terms and conditions
of the contract.
The function is responsible for the conversion of all
capacity and other budgets and plans into economic
terms permitting the safe establishment of rolling
budgets and long range financial forecasts.
3.10 P̲R̲O̲B̲L̲E̲M̲ ̲R̲E̲C̲O̲G̲N̲I̲T̲I̲O̲N̲ ̲&̲ ̲R̲E̲S̲O̲L̲U̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
3.10.1 P̲r̲o̲b̲l̲e̲m̲ ̲R̲e̲c̲o̲g̲n̲i̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
From project start to start of acceptance test the
exchange of information between the Project Manager
and the customer is performed via:
- regular meetings
- progress reports, and
- telexes, letters, and telephone
The information to be exchanged makes it possible for
the customer to monitor the project and continually
to be kept informed about the status of the product
and thus enables the customer to intervene if some
deficiencies which might not be covered by the specification
are foreseen.
In case that such deficiencies should occur, these
are handled as Change Requests, which are acted upon
by the Project Manager specifying the cost and schedule
impact that the change might create.
However, in case that the Project Manager recognizes
that a specific requirement cannot be fulfilled within
the frame of the project he immediately informs the
customer and includes suggestions for the soluton.
3.10.2 M̲e̲e̲t̲i̲n̲g̲s̲
During the period of design, development, and implementaton
regular meetings are held between the customer and
the Project Manager. Discussions at these meetings
deal with the concept of the equipment, the various
solutions affecting the operation, and possible modificaitons
and changes, which are requested during the period.
In order to achieve a minimum response time in decision,
the mutual agreeable changes and conclusions obtained
during these meetings automatically form part of the
work statement and the specificaiton.
3.10.3 R̲e̲p̲o̲r̲t̲i̲n̲g̲
The reporting by the Project Manager consists of:
- progress reports
- minutes of progress meetings with the Project Team
- minutes of other relevant meetings and
- other documents associated with the control, the
test and the delivery of the product.
Progress Reports describing all activities regarding
design, manufacturing and management are submitted
at regular intervals according to negotiation between
Christian Rovsing and the customer.
The contents of Progress Reports are typically as follows:
o Technical Status
- Technical Summary
- Assembly Level Progress Report
o Outstanding problems
o Quality Assurance Status
o Schedule Status & Report
o List of documents received and submitted within
the reporting period
o Action Item List
The scheme presented above has been used successfully
on other projects including development efforts.
3.10.4 P̲r̲o̲b̲l̲e̲m̲ ̲R̲e̲s̲o̲l̲u̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
Whenever internal problems and deviations are ascertained
the Project Manager refers the matter to the party
responsible.
The Project Manager takes action if responsibility
for the problem discovered is difficult to place.
Questions relating to the financial and economic schedules
of the project re-referred by the Project Manager to
Contracts Management for consideraion.
QA problems within production are referred to the Operations
Manager and the Project Manager.
3.10.5 C̲u̲s̲t̲o̲m̲e̲r̲/̲C̲o̲m̲p̲a̲n̲y̲ ̲C̲o̲o̲r̲d̲i̲n̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
Possible problems which may arise and which require
customer acton are reported directly to the customer
by telex for necessary follow-up and action, whatever
the case may be.
