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CAMPS SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL
…02… CL/820831…02… CAMPS
CAMPS SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL
CPS/SDM/001
CDRL Documentation No. 03
Line Item No. 9.3
Christian Lyngby
Kurt Nybroe-Nielsen
SHAPE (1), GJ, JHO, BHB, KNN, GT, SRA, CSV,
URH, HKI, OKH, BBC, MSN, KNB, NJ, FH, DL, OE,
KM, BI, LU, ORP, EW, HAU, PLN, NPP, Conf. Mgmn.,
QA, Library (5), BSP, PBP, CL, LT, KJA, JJD,
LOL, JAL.
ILS Mgr. 821104
2
QA 821104
821104
Config. Mgmt. 821104
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CAMPS SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL
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her inds`ttes First Aid for Electrical Shock
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CAMPS SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL
…02… CL/820831…02… CAMPS
820831 All First issue of
document
821104 All Issue 2
General updata
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CAMPS SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL
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T̲A̲B̲L̲E̲ ̲O̲F̲ ̲C̲O̲N̲T̲E̲N̲T̲S̲
TITLE PAGE....................................
i
FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK................
ii
REVISION RECORD............................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................
iv
1 INTRODUCTION .................................
1
1.1 SCOPE ....................................
1
1.2 DOCUMENTATION OVERVIEW ...................
1
1.2.1 CAMPS Site Documentation .............
2
1.2.2 CAMPS Depot Documentation ............
4
1.2.3 CRT Equipment Handbook ...............
5
1.2.4 CAMPS CSSI ...........................
5
1.2.5 TARE Equipment Handbook ..............
5
2 CAMPS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ........................
12
2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW .........................
12
2.2 MAIN SITE EQUIPMENT LAYOUT ...............
16
2.3 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION ...................
19
2.4 SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION ...................
22
3 OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES .....................
23
3.1 MODES OF OPERATION .......................
23
3.2 PERSONNEL ................................
23
3.3 OPERATIONAL SECURITY .....................
26
3.3.1 Access Control .......................
26
3.3.2 Security Control .....................
27
3.4 USER TRANSACTIONS ........................
27
3.5 SUPERVISORY TRANSACTIONS .................
29
4 FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES ......................
30
4.1 FUNCTIONAL FLOWS .........................
30
4.1.1 Outgoing Messages ....................
30
4.1.2 Incoming Messages ....................
35
4.1.3 Storage and Retrieval ................
38
4.1.4 Log and Statistics ...................
38
4.2 INTERFACES ...............................
38
4.2.1 External Circuits.....................
39
4.2.2 User Terminals........................
40
4.2.3 CAMPS Remote Terminal.................
40
4.2.4 Other Connections.....................
40
4.3 PERFORMANCE ..............................
41
4.4 FUNCTIONAL SECURITY AND INTEGRITY ........
42
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CAMPS SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL
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5 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION .........................
43
5.1 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION ...................
43
5.2 PROCESSOR UNIT (PU) ......................
49
5.3 CHANNEL UNIT (CU) ........................
53
5.4 TDX SUBSYSTEM ............................
57
5.5 DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT ...................
60
5.6 WATCHDOG .................................
63
5.7 SECURITY .................................
66
6 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION .........................
67
6.1 SUBSYSTEMS ...............................
67
6.2 SOFTWARE PACKAGES ........................
68
6.2.1 System Software Subsystem ............
68
6.2.2 Application Software Subsystem .......
76
6.2.3 Support Software Subsystem ...........
80
7 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE OVERVIEW ..................
81
7.1 INTRODUCTION .............................
81
7.2 ON-LINE ERROR REPORTING ..................
83
7.3 OFF-LINE DIAGNOSTICS .....................
83
7.4 BUILT-IN TEST PROGRAMS ...................
84
APPENDIX A Abbreviations
APPENDIX B Block Diagram
1 I̲N̲T̲R̲O̲D̲U̲C̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
1.1 S̲C̲O̲P̲E̲
This manual applies to all personnel involved in CAMPS
(Computer Aided Message Processing System).
It gives an overall description of CAMPS at system
level as seen from an operational and a functional
point of view.
Hardware, software, and system-maintenance are covered
at overview-level, as well as security aspects where
appropriate.
The manual should be placed on all sites and at staff
positions where a system overview is required.
1.2 D̲O̲C̲U̲M̲E̲N̲T̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲ ̲O̲V̲E̲R̲V̲I̲E̲W̲
The CAMPS Documentation Tree as shown in Figure 1-1
gives an overview of the complete set of manuals on
the different CAMPS sites.
The Figure 1-2 shows the distribution of the different
types of manuals on the proper CAMPS sites.
1.2.1 C̲A̲M̲P̲S̲ ̲S̲i̲t̲e̲ ̲D̲o̲c̲u̲m̲e̲n̲t̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
As outlined in Figure 1-2 the manuals on the CAMPS
sites are divided into seven categories:
* System Description Manual
* Installation Manual
* Operation Manuals
* Technical Manuals
* Peripheral Equipment Manuals
* Test Equipment Manuals
* Logbook
S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲D̲e̲s̲c̲r̲i̲p̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲
The system Description Manual gives an overview of
the CAMPS System and its interface to the surroundings.
It is placed on site as well as at the depot.
I̲n̲s̲t̲a̲l̲l̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲
The Installation Manual contains among other things
the as-built drawings and interconnection cable diagrams
for the specific CAMPS sites.
O̲p̲e̲r̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲s̲
The CAMPS Site Operation Manuals comprise four different
types of manuals, one to each user group, as described
in Section 3.2. The Operation Manuals include a User
Reference Handbook, in pocketsize, specifying the command
syntax, mnemonics, and keywords.
T̲e̲c̲h̲n̲i̲c̲a̲l̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲s̲
The CAMPS Site Technical Manuals comprise four volumes
which are described in the following:
S̲i̲t̲e̲ ̲L̲e̲v̲e̲l̲ ̲M̲a̲i̲n̲t̲e̲n̲a̲n̲c̲e̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲
The Site Level Maintenance Manual contains a complete
description of the tasks concerned with the on-the-site
preventive and corrective maintenance.
H̲a̲r̲d̲w̲a̲r̲e̲ ̲A̲s̲s̲e̲m̲b̲l̲y̲ ̲B̲r̲e̲a̲k̲d̲o̲w̲n̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲
This manual provides a detailed hierachy of the CAMPS
sites down to the lowest replaceable module and subassembly.
I̲n̲v̲e̲n̲t̲o̲r̲y̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲
This manual lists all the items delivered to the particular
CAMPS site. The list will among other things incorporate
the tools, test equipment, accessories, consumables,
and programs.
F̲i̲e̲l̲d̲ ̲C̲h̲a̲n̲g̲e̲ ̲N̲o̲t̲i̲c̲e̲ ̲(̲F̲C̲N̲)̲
The FCN describes all relevant information in case
of H/W design changes, Software modifications, and
spare part changes.
P̲e̲r̲i̲p̲h̲e̲r̲a̲l̲ ̲E̲q̲u̲i̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲s̲
The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) manuals used
on the CAMPS sites are mainly Operator's Manual for
the peripheral equipment that includes Visual Display
Units, Medium Speed Printers, and Disk Drives, etc.
T̲e̲s̲t̲ ̲E̲q̲u̲i̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲s̲
The manuals used for the test equipment are OEM manuals.
L̲o̲g̲b̲o̲o̲k̲
The Logbook is a reference document to all irregularities,
errors, and configuration changes.
1.2.2 C̲A̲M̲P̲S̲ ̲D̲e̲p̲o̲t̲ ̲D̲o̲c̲u̲m̲e̲n̲t̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
As outlined in Figure 1-3 the manuals on the CAMPS
depot are divided into four categories:
* System Description Manual
* Technical Manuals
* Peripheral Equipment Manuals
* Test Equipment Manuals
The System Description Manual is equivalent to that
placed on the CAMPS sites. The OEM manuals to the peripheral
equipment incorporate besides the Operator's Manuals
also the Maintenance Manuals and Circuit Diagrams.
In addition to the OEM Test Equipment Manuals on the
site, the depot has manuals to the special printed
circuit board test equipment specified here.
D̲e̲p̲o̲t̲ ̲T̲e̲c̲h̲n̲i̲c̲a̲l̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲s̲
The Technical Manuals on the CAMPS depot consist of
two volumes described in the following:
M̲o̲d̲u̲l̲e̲ ̲D̲e̲s̲c̲r̲i̲p̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲s̲
The descriptions of each Christian Rovsing-module in
CAMPS are covered here. They include among other things
the module specifications, detailed functional descriptions,
drawings, blocked schematics, and parts lists.
A̲p̲p̲r̲o̲v̲e̲d̲ ̲S̲p̲a̲r̲e̲ ̲P̲a̲r̲t̲s̲ ̲L̲i̲s̲t̲ ̲(̲A̲S̲P̲L̲)̲
All spares are listed in the ASPL.
1.2.3 C̲R̲T̲ ̲E̲q̲u̲i̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲H̲a̲n̲d̲b̲o̲o̲k̲ ̲(̲s̲e̲e̲ ̲F̲i̲g̲u̲r̲e̲ ̲1̲-̲4̲)̲
The equipment handbook is a single volume to the CAMPS
Remote Terminal (CRT), it contains each of the major
categories of information such as installation, operation,
maintenance, and parts list.
P̲e̲r̲i̲p̲h̲e̲r̲a̲l̲ ̲E̲q̲u̲i̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲u̲a̲l̲
The CRT Peripheral Equipment Manuals comprise the VDU
Manual, Medium Speed Printer Manual, and Statistical
Multiplexer Manual.
1.2.4 C̲A̲M̲P̲S̲ ̲C̲S̲S̲I̲ ̲(̲s̲e̲e̲ ̲F̲i̲g̲u̲r̲e̲ ̲1̲-̲5̲)̲
The CAMPS Software Support Installation (CSSI) site
has the Programming Development Tools, such as the
following categories of manuals:
* CR80 Support Software
* CR80 DAMOS System Software
S̲o̲f̲t̲w̲a̲r̲e̲ ̲A̲s̲-̲B̲u̲i̲l̲t̲ ̲D̲o̲c̲u̲m̲e̲n̲t̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
The Software As-Built Documentation describes the CAMPS
System Software and Application Software. Furthermore,
it comprises the Software Listings.
T̲e̲s̲t̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲I̲n̲t̲e̲g̲r̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲S̲o̲f̲t̲w̲a̲r̲e̲
This part of the CSSI documentation comprises the software
used for test and integration (DSMT).
1.2.5 T̲A̲R̲E̲ ̲E̲q̲u̲i̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲H̲a̲n̲d̲b̲o̲o̲k̲ ̲(̲s̲e̲e̲ ̲F̲i̲g̲u̲r̲e̲ ̲1̲-̲6̲)̲
The TARE Equipment Handbook includes the description
of CAMPS installation, operation, and maintenance instructions
together with drawings and blocked schematics.
her inds`ttes figur 1-1
her inds`ttes figur 1-2
her inds`ttes figur 1-3
her inds`ttes figur 1-4
her inds`ttes figur 1-5
her inds`ttes figur 1-6
2 C̲A̲M̲P̲S̲ ̲S̲Y̲S̲T̲E̲M̲ ̲O̲V̲E̲R̲V̲I̲E̲W̲
2.1 G̲E̲N̲E̲R̲A̲L̲ ̲O̲V̲E̲R̲V̲I̲E̲W̲
CAMPS is a message processing system installed on initially
15 NATO sites in order to provide assistance with message
handling and thus increase effectivity with respect
to time, manpower, and cost without compromising security
constraints.
A typical NATO site contains a number of military organizations
that generally have distinct functions within NATO
but yet share common facilities and staff. An important
shared resource is the communications centre (COMMCEN)
and the message communications facilities that it provides
to the site. CAMPS provides significant assistance
to both COMMCEN and all the staff that it serves.
CAMPS automatically allocates appropriate distributions
within the site to incoming messages taking into account
which organizations are addressed, the subject matter
of the messages, as well as classification and precedence.
The staff of the COMMCEN are only involved in cases
of error or difficulty with a message. The staff of
the organizations served by the COMMCEN receive their
messages at various types of CAMPS terminals.
CAMPS provides assistance with outgoing messages by
permitting staff to draft, coordinate, and release
messages at CAMPS terminals. It then automatically
routes these messages to appropriate external networks
as well as taking care of any local distribution that
may be required. The COMMCEN staff are only involved
in cases of difficulty.
Figure 2-1…01…CAMPS and NICS TARE Network
The users of CAMPS (that is the staff of the various
NATO organizations served by the COMMCEN) are able
to retrieve messages from either an on-line short term
disk-file for recent messages or from archive disks
for older messages.
As a consequence of the automation of the COMMCEN functions,
CAMPS has also to provide facilities for the control
of its communication lines with external networks and
to regularly account for all message traffic recieved
or transmitted. Facilities are also provided for the
maintenance of tables of addresses, routes, and distribution
lists. Furthermore, the system provides facilities
for the control of all its own resources and users.
The assistance provided by CAMPS also includes the
provision and syntax-validation of certain formatted
texts of outgoing messages as well as the facility
to form an outgoing message by appending text of previously-received
and released messages.
Messages handled by CAMPS may have NATO military security
classifications that require special protection. Thus
CAMPS provides a number of procedures that help to
ensure that messages are only seen by appropriate-authorized
staff, and that security violation attempts are detected
and reported.
Users within a given CAMPS site may also communicate
with each other by using a comment facility.
The primary communication links between the sites are
provided by the NICS TARE network (NATO Integrated
Communication System Telegraph Automatic Relay Equipment).
The NICS TARE network is interconnecting nodes, spread
all over European NATO countries, via terrestrial communication
links (see Figure 2-1).
The CAMPS sites interface to NICS TARE either by site
collocated or remote TARE equipment. Alternatively,
CAMPS sites can be interconnected via point-to-point
connections or via Tape Relay Centers.
CAMPS also interfaces to other computer systems that
may be located at a NATO site, in order to receive
and distribute messages and comments.
These systems are the Command and Control Information
System (CCIS) and the Status Control, Alerting, and
Reporting System (SCARS).
SCARS is interconnected via a telephone switch network
called Initial Voice Switch Network (IVSN). It is possible
to route the CAMPS communication via SCARS and through
this network.
Because of the vital functions that CAMPS provides
the system is to be highly resilient and incorporates
additional facilities to ensure that it can continue
to operate in spite of all but the most serious of
errors. Furthermore, it provides a continuous monitoring
of the status of its components as well as facilities
for quickly re-configuring the system in the event
of the failure of hardware components.
Finally, additional facilities are required to permit
maintenance, debugging, and enhancements to be easily
carried out. For this reason (that is centralization
of major problem tracing and the development of enhancements)
appropriate software development facilities are delivered
to one site called CAMPS Software Support Installation
(CSSI).
2.2 M̲A̲I̲N̲ ̲S̲I̲T̲E̲ ̲E̲Q̲U̲I̲P̲M̲E̲N̲T̲ ̲L̲A̲Y̲O̲U̲T̲
The equipment of a CAMPS room is shown on Figure 2-2.
All Main Sites are equipped with:
a) Two 3 bay rack assemblies: The computer racks (rack
A, B, C) and the line termination racks (rack D,
E, F). Depending on the connectivity of the CAMPS
Remote Terminals, one or two extra line termination
racks (G and H) are installed.
b) A Maintenance Position, equipped with a Visual
Display Unit (VDU) and a Medium Speed Printer (MSP)
located at the position, and a dual floppy disk
station placed in rack B.
c) A storage cabinet.
d) A number of supervisory positions, each equipped
with a Visual Display Unit and a Medium Speed Printer.
The CAMPS Main Sites are located with the COMMCENs
in underground shelters. In crisis time or during exercises,
the CAMPS terminals are located in wartime headquarters
collocated with COMMCEN.
The peacetime headquarters are normally located in
civil-type office buildings remote from COMMCEN.
It is possible to move some of the user terminals to
those headquarters and to connect them to CAMPS Main
Site via CAMPS Remote Terminals (CRT). Figure 2-3 shows
a CAMPS Main Site with connection to two CRTs and two
Remote TAREs.
All links to remote equipment are encrypted.
Figure 2-2…01…A CAMPS Main Site
Figure 2-3…01…CAMPS Remote Facilities
2.3 H̲A̲R̲D̲W̲A̲R̲E̲ ̲C̲O̲N̲F̲I̲G̲U̲R̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
CAMPS consists of the following major hardware components
(figure 2-4):
a) On-line Processor Unit (PU) which performs most
of the operational processing.
b) Standby PU/Off-line PU. The Processor Unit that
is not on-line is standby if not taken off-line
for repair or test of hardware modules, or for
loading and checking new software.
c) Watchdog (WDP) which monitors the on-line PU, the
standby PU, and all other vital units. It contains
the master time-clock for the system and permits
a technician at the Maintenance Position to communicate
with either PU.
d) Channel Unit (CU) which provides access by the
PUs to:
1) Three disks via disk controllers. Two of the
disks form a "mirrored pair". The third disk,
the off-line disk, is removable.
2) Two floppy disks via floppy disk controller.
3) The computer systems CCIS and SCARS via Line
Termination Units (LTUs)
4) Local and remote NICS TARE network nodes via
LTUs.
e) Telecommunication Data Exchange (TDX) subsystem,
containing a number of TDX Units (TUs), which provides
access via TDX Line Termination Units (LTUX-Ss)
to:
1) Local Visual Display Units (VDUs)
2) Local Medium Speed Printers (MSPs)
3) Low speed telegraph lines (Tape Relay Centers,
Point-to-Point connections, Teleprinters, and
low speed TAREs).
4) Remote terminals via statistical multiplexers.
5) Optical Character Reader (OCR).
6) Paper Tape Reader/Puncher (PTR/PTP).
f) In order to achieve software development and updating
capabilities at the CAMPS Software Support Installation
(CSSI), a VDU and a MSP is connected to an extra
line termination unit in the channel unit at this
site.
Figure 2-4…01…CAMPS Hardware Configuration
2.4 S̲O̲F̲T̲W̲A̲R̲E̲ ̲C̲O̲N̲F̲I̲G̲U̲R̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
CAMPS software consists of three major subsystems.
In turn, these subsystems are subdivided into "packages".
A package is a convenient group of functions performed
by software (and firmware). In this overview only the
subsystems are mentioned, while the packages will be
briefly described in section 6.
The three subsystems are:
a) S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲S̲o̲f̲t̲w̲a̲r̲e̲
This subsystem contains packages which provide
support for, and control of, the resources of the
system. The packages constituting the system software
are the only packages which are allowed to execute
in the protected "system-state".
b) A̲p̲p̲l̲i̲c̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲ ̲S̲o̲f̲t̲w̲a̲r̲e̲
This subsystem contains packages that perform the
functional capabilities described in chapter 4.
The packages operate in an environment provided
by the system software subsystem.
c) S̲u̲p̲p̲o̲r̲t̲ ̲S̲o̲f̲t̲w̲a̲r̲e̲
This subsystem consists of all the software that
is used for off-line maintenance and diagnostics.
On the CSSI site, software development tools, and
utilities are included.
3 O̲P̲E̲R̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲A̲L̲ ̲C̲A̲P̲A̲B̲I̲L̲I̲T̲I̲E̲S̲
3.1 M̲O̲D̲E̲S̲ ̲O̲F̲ ̲O̲P̲E̲R̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
The two identical Processor Units in the CAMPS system
can be run in different modes, controlled from the
Maintenance Position via the Watchdog or by the Watchdog
itself.
In the dualized mode one of the Processor Units is
active on-line while the other Processor Unit is standby,
ready for immediate take-over in case of a detected
harware fault (emergency switch-over) or manually ordered
switch-over.
In the degraded mode the non-active Processor Unit,
if not faulty, is used for off-line operations, such
as running Maintenance and Diagnostics programmes.
It is possible to assign any of the disks, floppy disks,
Line Termination Units, and TDX-Units to the off-line
Processor Unit. Maintenance and Diagnostic programmes
are operated from the Maintenance position and are
loaded from floppy disk or from the off-line disk.
On a single site, named CAMPS Software Support Installation
(CSSI), it is possible to develop modified software,
which is transported to the other CAMPS sites on floppy
disks.
3.2 P̲E̲R̲S̲O̲N̲N̲E̲L̲
The personnel related to CAMPS can be divided into
two groups:
The CAMPS users, who are preparing, sending, and receiving
messages, and the COMMCEN-staff who perform the service
and supervision of messages and system.
The users are, related to CAMPS, located in staff cells.
They have access to CAMPS via a Visual Display Unit
(VDU) and a Medium Speed Printer (MSP). The MSP, which
is a receive only printer, can be shared between several
VDUs.
The overall control of the system resides with the
staff in the COMMCEN. This staff are the Supervisor,
who is in charge of the operation of the entire system,
Operators, who are responsible for handling problems
associated with the message traffic, and the technicians,
who are responsible for the function of the system.
The Supervisor is the only person, who has access to
the CAMPS supervisor functions (see figure 3-1). Only
one terminal position at a time is designated as a
Supervisor Position. It consists of a VDU and two to
four MSPs. The Supervisor functions as well as other
CAMPS functions are described in sections 3.4 to 3.6.
There are two kinds of Operators: Message Service Operators
(MSOs) and Message Distribution Control Operators (MDCOs).
Each functional position is equipped with a VDU and
a MSP.
The technicians are the Resident Site Technician (RST)
and five Maintenance Technicians (MTs). Their job is,
via the Maintenance Position consisting of a VDU and
a MSP connected via the Watchdog, to supervise the
function of the hardware and to locate and replace
faulty modules. They are also responsible for system
loading and hardware reconfiguration. The RST is the
local expert, who is able to implement software patches.
Figure 3-1
CAMPS Supervisory Functions
3.3 O̲P̲E̲R̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲A̲L̲ ̲S̲E̲C̲U̲R̲I̲T̲Y̲
It is vital for a system which operates with classified
information to prevent unauthorized access to that
information. This is done by providing the system with
control of access and security.
3.3.1 A̲c̲c̲e̲s̲s̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲
The physical access control to VDUs and MSPs is accomplished
by a locking mechanism fitted to the devices. To gain
"physical access" to the device one has to insert a
key and turn it to the "ON" position. The key cannot
be removed in this position. Now the device is registered
as "manned".
When the key is turned to "OFF", it is "unmanned" and
no operational traffic can be sent to the device. For
VDUs the screen is cleared too.
For each user there is a User Profile containing information
of the classification levels and functions he is allowed
to access.
For each terminal position there is a Terminal Profile
containing similar information of the classification
levels and functions it is allowed to display and handle.
The logical access to a terminal position is achieved
by the sign-on procedure, where the user enters his
user-ID and his password.
If the user-ID is contained in the user list of the
terminal position and the password is valid, the functions
coinciding in the User Profile and the Terminal Profile
become available at the lower of the two classification
levels contained in the profiles.
If three unsuccessful attempts of either ID or password
occurs or no operator input has been made for three
minutes, the terminal position will be blocked.
After a successful sign-on, the terminal is said to
have attended operation, that is the operator is responsible
for the security of the terminal position.
After sign-off, the terminal has unattended operation.
For transactions involving classifications higher than
a level set by the supervisor, a security warning is
displayed and a code answer is required on a security
interrogation to ensure that the environment is cleared
of unauthorized personnel.
3.3.2 S̲e̲c̲u̲r̲i̲t̲y̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲
Each user process (program), logical line (device/external
line), and set of operational data has an associated
security profile.
This security profile contains fields of information
about classification and special handling. The security
control checks that a user process or a logical line
never receives operational data with a higher security
level in any field than the level of the process or
line itself. This basic rule together with the access
control protects the system against operational security
violations.
For retrieval-transactions the need-to-know principle
is used. This means that only a terminal that has been
in connection with an item can retrieve that item.
As an extra precaution, no COSMIC TOP SECRET or ATOMAL
message can be stored.
Messages with special handling category ATOMAL can
only be printed on a special printer, dedicated by
the Supervisor.
3.4 U̲S̲E̲R̲ ̲T̲R̲A̲N̲S̲A̲C̲T̲I̲O̲N̲S̲
This section gives a brief description of the message
transactions available to all users, only limited by
the supervisor commands.
These transactions are:
- Message preparation
- Message coordination
- Message release
- Message reception
- Comments
- Retrieval and enquiries
The message preparation, performed by users at VDUs,
consists of creating, editing, and addressing messages
to be transmitted via the telegraph networks. The system
validates the message information and reports errors
to the user. Message retransmission and creation of
service messages is possible for the COMMCEN staff.
Externally prepared messages (e.g. from teleprinters)
can be sent from paper tape readers, optical character
readers, or collocated SCARS or CCIS equipment. If
a message is in a predefined format (e.g. ACP 127 or
A Dat P3, see 4.1.1) the message preparation is done
in an interactive manner, where the user is assisted
by CAMPS in structuring and remembering all important
details.
Message coordination gives an option to distribute
locally to other users of the system, a message which
has been prepared but is not yet released for transmission.
This option includes messages originated from a collocated
CCIS. The users, who receive the message for coordination,
can communicate with the originator by means of comment
transactions.
In general, before an outgoing message is released
for transmission, it must be presented to a user who
is permitted (by the supervisor) to release it. He
may refuse, postpone, or permit the transmission of
the message. Some types of messages (including pre-released
messages from SCARS and CCIS) need not to be released.
Comments are informal information exchanged via CAMPS
between users on the site including CRT and collocated
SCARS and CCIS.
Message reception can take place at a VDU or a printer.
Normally an action-addressee will receive the message
as a hardcopy from his assigned printer, while info-adressees
can see the message on their VDUs first, then deciding
whether they want hardcopies, want to delete it, or
to save it for later retrieval.
The users have facilities to retrieve messages and
comments stored in short term or long term storage,
and to make enquiries for status of messages, deliveries,
releases, etc.
Short term storage holds information up to 24 hours
on-line. This means that information can be retrieved
without delay caused by replacement of diskpacks.
Long term storage holds information up to 30 days and
is off-line.
Retrieval is facilitated by means of a variety of retrieval-keys.
It is thus possible to retrieve a certain message (provided
that the security requirements are fulfilled) by entering
only a time interval in which the message was released
or received and the user's address.
Furthermore, there are a number of general terminal
functions, e.g. queue monitoring, editing, and printing.
3.5 S̲U̲P̲E̲R̲V̲I̲S̲O̲R̲Y̲ ̲T̲R̲A̲N̲S̲A̲C̲T̲I̲O̲N̲S̲
The supervisory transactions are all performed by the
COMMCEN staff (see Figure 3-1).
The Supervisor performs system control and monitoring
transactions. He can update user and terminal profiles,
channel data, ACP 127 message control parameters (see
4.1.1), routing address, and distribution tables, open
and close channels, block and unblock terminals, etc.
On the Supervisor's printers are output details of
errors and warnings and reports on significant system
control actions, transaction logs, and statistics.
The Message Service Operators (MSOs) use a group of
VDUs that share queues of incoming and outgoing messages,
that the system is unable to handle automatically.
These problems may be garbles and errors on incoming
information or routing and output difficulties on outgoing
information. The MSOs have facilities for editing,
re-routing, etc. of such information.
The Message Distribution Control Operators (MDCOs)
use a group of VDUs that share a queue of messages
that the system is unable to distibute automatically.
The transactions from the Maintenance Position are,
due to the direct connection to the PUs via the Watchdog,
of a hardware oriented nature. System initialization
and restart and hardware reconfiguration is performed
from this position as well as load of CSSI-modified
software.
All off-line activities are controlled from the Maintenance
Position.
4 F̲U̲N̲C̲T̲I̲O̲N̲A̲L̲ ̲C̲A̲P̲A̲B̲I̲L̲I̲T̲I̲E̲S̲
4.1 F̲U̲N̲C̲T̲I̲O̲N̲A̲L̲ ̲F̲L̲O̲W̲S̲
4.1.1 O̲u̲t̲g̲o̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲M̲e̲s̲s̲a̲g̲e̲s̲
This subsection describes the processing of outgoing
messages by CAMPS from the initial preparation until
transmission. It identifies the different types of
messages which CAMPS can process and outlines their
functional flow through the system. Figure 4-1 gives
an overview of the functional flows of the system.
A message is constituted of two parts, the message
header and the message text.
The message header contains the information necessary
for automatic processing of the message from origination
to destinations. Each field in the header is validated
by CAMPS during entry.
Figure 4-1
SYSTEM OVERVIEW…01…Functional Flows
The message text contains the part of information that
is not necessary for the automatic processing.
The only validation here is the length of the text
lines in plain language messages.
There are three types of messages:
- Operational messages
- Data messages
- Service messages
The operational messages can be either with plain text
or with encrypted text. For encrypted messages two
types exist: The address field can be encrypted too
(CODRESS) or it can be in plain language (PLAINDRESS).
Data messages are different from other message types
in that their text need not be split up in text lines.
Service messages are generated and handled either automatically
by CAMPS or by the Supervisor. Their text contains
control information of message flow and channel availability.
There are two types: service messages and abbreviated
service messages.
All messages transmitted via NICS TARE are in the format
defined in Allied Communication Procedures No. 127
(ACP 127). This ensures that all essential information
is included in the message header. An ACP 127 message
is structured in 16 format lines, some of which are
not mandatory depending on the message type.
Additionally, CAMPS is equipped with an A Dat P3 compiler,
which allows messages of 200 different predefined message
formats to be drafted by CCIS users via CAMPS in an
interactive manner. The compiler requests the appropriate
information and checks it for type and syntax errors,
thus minimizing the amount of reporting errors.
When a user wishes to prepare a new message at a VDU
terminal, a blank format is displayed containing corresponding
prompts and data entry fields. A prompt shows what
type of data is required and if entry is mandatory.
Every field in the message header is validated and
errors are displayed immediately.
After coordination of the message by means of exchange
of comments with other users, the final version is
queued for release (Figure 4-2).
Externally prepared messages are checked if they can
be accepted by CAMPS. They may be pre-released.
All released PLAINDRESS messages are given an ACP 127
envelope from which it is possible to determine the
routings of the message. Addresses are input in form
of Plain Language Addresses (PLAs) or Address Indicator
Groups (AIGs) which are commonly used groups of addresses.
For every PLA or AIG a look-up is done in a PLA/AIG
table and a suitable Routing Indicator (RI) is found
matching the security level of the message.
If a RI cannot be found automatically, a Message Service
Operator (MSO) takes care of the problem.
For CODRESS messages, RIs must be delivered with the
message, because the addresses are encrypted and RIs
cannot be derived automatically.
When supplied with RIs, a message is queued for Route
Assignment. For each RI a look up is done in a Routing
Table to identify the corresponding outgoing circuit.
As a result, the RIs are now grouped by outgoing circuits.
A circuit is a group of channels connecting the same
points (e.g. nodes in the NICS TARE network). Only
channel checks and some service messages are discriminating
between individual channels.
If a circuit is unavailable, the Routing Table is adjusted
by the Supervisor to provide an alternative circuit
of equal or higher classification.
Figure 4-2
Message Types and Flow of Outgoing Messages
CAMPS handles all messages in International Telegraph
Alphabet No. 5 (ITA 5) code. A conversion to ITA 2
is performed if a channel requires this.
When a FLASH precedence message is received correctly,
the system automatically sends an acknowledgement to
the originating CAMPS. If a misrouted message is received
by CAMPS, the MSO can reroute the message by means
of the retransmission facility, but if a message is
received for relaying, this is automatically done.
For each transmission a Channel Serial Number (CSN)
is supplied to the message so that the receiving CAMPS
can check the continuity of the traffic.
Each user-originated outgoing message is filed and
locally distributed according to the originator's local
distribution list. Distribution is further described
in next subsection.
4.1.2 I̲n̲c̲o̲m̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲M̲e̲s̲s̲a̲g̲e̲s̲
This subsection describes the processing of incoming
messages received from external channels and devices
in ACP 127 format (Figure 4-3).
At any time CAMPS can expect to receive data streams
from the external channels (which if received in ITA
2 code will be converted to ITA 5 code). The reception
process assembles the streams into messages, stores
each message, and checks if the Channel Serial Number
is correct so that no part of any message is missing.
If channel errors are detected, they are reported to
the Supervisor and logged.
The analysis process determines the type of message
and derives the precedence, security, and special handling
classifications. It checks that the message is actually
addressed to the CAMPS site (RIs) and identifies the
local CAMPS addressees (AIG/PLAs). It detects the presence
of special communications instructions (e.g. relaying)
and translates operating signal codes into plain language.
Figure 4-3
Functional Flow for an Incoming ACP 127 Message
Special actions, if requested, are performed at this
point (e.g. automatic relaying and FLASH acknowledgement).
If the analysis shows that correction is needed in
any field, the message is queued for presentation to
a MSO.
After correction the message is submitted for reanalysis.
Acceptable messages that require distribution are queued
for the distribution process. A distribution list is
created by means of the Subject Indicator Code (SIC)
of the message.
A SIC is a code, entered by the originator, which indicates
the subject of the message according to NATO Subject
Indicator System (NASIS). The SIC is used as entry
in the SIC table choosing an appropriate Standard Distribution
List (SDL) for each headquarter served by the CAMPS
site. The SDL is a list of Staff Cell Designators (SCDs)
each designating a Staff Cell which is the smallest
unit that CAMPS can address.
If automatic creation of a distribution list is not
possible or wanted, the message is queued for presentation
to a MDCO, who will take care of the problem.
When the distribution list is created, a copy of the
message is sent for queuing at the terminal positions
in question.
All the message queues in the system are split up in
precedence levels, so that a message with higher precedence
level will always precede lower precedence messages,
no matter how long they have been in the queue. In
the "off duty hours" FLASH and IMMEDIATE precedence
messages are sent to a designated duty officer's terminal
position.
4.1.3 S̲t̲o̲r̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲R̲e̲t̲r̲i̲e̲v̲a̲l̲
To facilitate retrieval of stored messages, retrieval
parameters are derived and stored for each message
originated or received on the site. The user then only
has to enter one or two of several retrieval keys to
retrieve a certain message.
COSMIC TOP SECRET messages and messages with special
handling category ATOMAL cannot be stored in CAMPS.
4.1.4 L̲o̲g̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲S̲t̲a̲t̲i̲s̲t̲i̲c̲s̲
Each release, transmision, and reception is logged,
and statistics information is made available by updates
to tables (e.g. channel availability from channel tables)
and by updating specific counts.
4.2 I̲N̲T̲E̲R̲F̲A̲C̲E̲S̲
CAMPS interfaces the following systems or equipment:
a) External Circuits
- NICS TARE network
- Tape Relay Centers (TRCs)
- Point-to-Point connections
- SCARS II system, collocated equipment
- CCIS system, collocated equipment
b) User terminals
- Visual Display Units (VDUs)
- Medium Speed Printers (MSPs)
c) CAMPS Remote Terminal
d) Other connections
- Optical Character Reader (OCR)
- Paper Tape Reader (PTR)/Paper Tape Puncher
(PTP)
- Low Speed Channel Devices (teleprinters)
4.2.1 E̲x̲t̲e̲r̲n̲a̲l̲ ̲C̲i̲r̲c̲u̲i̲t̲s̲
The primary CAMPS intercommunication carrier is the
NATO Integrated Communication System Telegraph Automatic
Relay Equipment (NICS TARE) network.
This is a message store and forward network using an
Error Detecting and Correcting (EDC) protocol. All
messages are sent in ACP 127 format using ITA 5. One
Line Termination Unit (LTU) can handle two NICS TARE
connections, giving a maximum connectivity of 4 NICS
TARE circuits.
CAMPS is connected to NICS TARE either via a direct
link (collocated NICS TARE) or via a crypto/modem link
(remote NICS TARE).
The transmission is synchronous full-duplex with the
baud rates 600, 1200, or 2400 bps, dependent on configuration.
Tape Relay Centers are centers where messages in the
form of paper tapes are received and manually distributed
via Point-to-Point connections. The maximum CAMPS connectivity
of these TRC and Point-to-Point low speed lines is
24. They can either be direct links or low speed crypto-links.
The baud rates range from 50 to 600 bps, and the alphabets
used can be either ITA 5 or ITA 2. These connections
act as alternative distribution networks.
Besides the telegraphic systems, CAMPS also interfaces
to two collocated computer systems:
- Status Control, Alerting and Reporting System II
(SCARS II) and
- Command and Control Information System (CCIS).
These are connected to CAMPS via direct links. They
use X25 level 2 link access protocol, the alphabet
is ITA 5, and the transmission is synchronous full-duplex
with baud rate 9600 bps. The operational traffic between
the systems consists of messages, comments, and VDU
pages.
It is possible to use these connections as alternative
communication networks.
4.2.2 U̲s̲e̲r̲ ̲T̲e̲r̲m̲i̲n̲a̲l̲s̲
Visual Display Units (VDUs) are used as the main user
terminal equipment. They are connected to CAMPS via
optical fibre cables. The transmisison is asynchronous
with a baud rate of 1200 or 2400 bps, and the alphabet
is ITA 5. The VDUs make it possible for the users to
communicate with CAMPS interactively. The protocol
supports character-by-character (TTY-mode), line-by-line
(buffered TTY-mode), or block-by-block (block-mode)
transfer of data.
Medium Speed Printers (MSPs) are used for printing
out hard copies of messages, comments, and status information
when appropriate.
They can be shared by several VDUs. They are connected
to CAMPS via opto cables, using asynchronous 1200 bps
transmission in ITA 5 code.
4.2.3 C̲A̲M̲P̲S̲ ̲R̲e̲m̲o̲t̲e̲ ̲T̲e̲r̲m̲i̲n̲a̲l̲
In order to use CAMPS from normal peace-time offices,
a number of Remote Sites are installed. For each Remote
Site there is a CAMPS Remote Terminal (CRT) connecting
a number of user terminals and other equipment to the
Main Site.
The connection is performed via a statistical multiplexer
and a crypto/modem link.
4.2.4 O̲t̲h̲e̲r̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲n̲e̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲
An Optical Character Reader (OCR) makes it possible
to enter formatted messages typed on paper into CAMPS.
The OCR is connected via a direct link to a TDX Unit
using V24/V28 Low Level interface. The transmission
is acynchronous with baud rates 2400, 4800, or 9600
bps. The alphabet is ITA 5.
Paper Tape Readers (PTRs) and Paper Tape Punchers (PTPs)
give the facility to receive and send complete ACP
127 messages with a possibility to use high security,
paper tape based crypto equipment.
They are connected via direct link to a TDX Unit using
V24/V28 Low Level interface. The transmission is asynchronous
with baudrates up to 1200 bps. The alphabets used are
ITA 5 or ITA 2.
Low Speed Channel Devices (LSCs) could be any device
equipped with V24/V28 Low Level interface and using
the alphabets ITA 5 or ITA 2. The transmission is asynchronous
with baudrates up to 600 bps. A typical example is
the teleprinter.
4.3 P̲E̲R̲F̲O̲R̲M̲A̲N̲C̲E̲
The throughput of CAMPS is on external channels (measured
in messages …1a… 1500 characters):
24 hours: 3000 messages to CAMPS
900 messages from CAMPS
Busy hour: 600 messages to CAMPS
180 messages from CAMPS
The above figures include comments from or to CCIS
and SCARS.
The availability (i.e. the probability of finding an
item functioning at a given time) of CAMPS is given
below for 3 groups of equipment.
For each group, the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
and the Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) is added.
The MTBF is the statistical mean of functioning time
between failures, and the MTTR is the statistical mean
of the repair times (see also section 7.1).
* Service to individual user connecting points and
external channels:
Availability = 0.9995, MTBF = 3 months, MTTR =
40 minutes
* Service common to groups of user connecting points
and external channels:
Availability = 0.9999, MTBF = 1 year, MTTR = 1
hour
No single failure will cause loss of service to
more than one group.
* Service common to all circuits, channels, and user
connecting points:
Availability = 0.99995, MTBF = 2 years, MTTR =
1 hour
The software is designed in a way so that a single
software error at most will cause a down-time on two
VDUs, or on four printers.
4.4 F̲U̲N̲C̲T̲I̲O̲N̲A̲L̲ ̲S̲E̲C̲U̲R̲I̲T̲Y̲
The functional security or integrity (i.e. the security
that the system remains functioning in spite of most
errors) is achieved by fully dualizing all vital parts
of it.
There are two redundant Processor Units. The Channel
Unit contains fully dualized Channel Interface Adapters,
I/O Busses, and power supplies. The on-line disks (the
MMDs) are "mirrored".
The TDX subsystem contains fully dualized controllers
and busses. The vital part of the system is thus split
up in two redundant parts.
One of the parts performs the operation under normal
conditions. If a fault occurs in this part, the Watchdog
immediately switches over to the standby part without
loss of data. The fault is automatically reported to
the technician who will then run off-line diagnostic
testprogrammes on the faulty part in order to locate
and repair the fault (e.g. by module replacing).
Thanks to the automation in this procedure, the mean
time to repair can be kept very small.
A detail which ensures the high reliability of the
hardware is that each unit is galvanically isolated
from the others. This limits the possibility for a
fault in one unit to damage other units.
The possibility that any data will be lost or corrupted
as a result of a hardware fault is less than 1 in 10
million operations due to implementation of a set of
recovery procedures based on check points.
5 H̲A̲R̲D̲W̲A̲R̲E̲ ̲D̲E̲S̲C̲R̲I̲P̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
5.1 H̲A̲R̲D̲W̲A̲R̲E̲ ̲C̲O̲N̲F̲I̲G̲U̲R̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
This section gives an overview of the actual hardware
configuration as implemented in CAMPS.
It consists of the following subsystems (fig. 5-1):
a) Processor Units
b) Channel Unit
c) TDX Subsystem
d) Distribution Equipment
e) Watchdog Processor
Figure 5-1…01…CAMPS Hardware Configuration
a) T̲h̲e̲ ̲P̲r̲o̲c̲e̲s̲s̲o̲r̲ ̲U̲n̲i̲t̲s̲ ̲(̲P̲U̲s̲)̲ are capable of independent
operation.
Each processor unit contains multiple CPUs, main
memory modules, and bus interfaces.
b) T̲h̲e̲ ̲C̲h̲a̲n̲n̲e̲l̲ ̲U̲n̲i̲t̲ ̲(̲C̲U̲)̲ consists of front end modules
to mass storage and external networks and systems.
The Mass Storage Disks are shared by the two Processor
Units. Each of the 3 disks and the 2 floppy disks
can be individually switched via one of the two
Data Channels to the attached Processor Unit. One
of the disks is removable.
The Line Termination Units (LTUs) interconnect
the heavy protocol part of the data exchange channels
with the Processor Units.
Each LTU interfaces max. 4 data exchange channels.
An LTU is switched to one of the two Data Channels,
one for each Processor Unit.
c) T̲h̲e̲ ̲T̲e̲l̲e̲c̲o̲m̲m̲u̲n̲i̲c̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲D̲a̲t̲a̲ ̲e̲x̲c̲h̲a̲n̲g̲e̲ ̲(̲T̲D̲X̲)̲ ̲S̲u̲b̲s̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲
performs the interconnection of the lighter protocol
Data Exchange Channels with the Processor Units.
The TDX Line Termination Units (LTUX-Ss) are placed
in TDX Units (TUs). Each TDX Unit contains max.
2 LTUX-Ss each interfacing max. 4 Data Exchange
Channels.
A TDX-Unit is switched to one of the two TDX busses.
A TDX bus runs a multiplexing scheme for interconnection
of the attached TDX Units with the Processor Unit.
d) T̲h̲e̲ ̲D̲i̲s̲t̲r̲i̲b̲u̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲E̲q̲u̲i̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ consists of different
types of equipment used for transfer of the individual
Data Exchange Channels from the main site to the
location of each connected terminal or external
circuit.
The different types are based on different transmission
media, transmission concepts, and interfaces.
e) T̲h̲e̲ ̲W̲a̲t̲c̲h̲d̲o̲g̲ ̲P̲r̲o̲c̲e̲s̲s̲o̲r̲ coordinates the configuration
control of the Main Site equipment.
Status polling and switching control are performed
via the Configuration Control Bus (CCB).
The maintenance position terminal is connected
to the Watchdog Processor.
The principle diagram in appendix A goes into greater
detail on the subject. It shows the fully dualized
concept used in Processor Units, Data Channels,
TDX busses, and power sources.
The CAMPS Main Site equipment is separated in two
by the horizontal "Filter Box" line on the block
diagram in appendix B.
Equipment above this line is placed within the
Main Site racks. Equipment below the line is placed
in the surrounding CAMPS installation as appropriate.
The Main Site equipment is contained in two rack assemblies,
the Computer Racks and the Line Termination Racks.
The computer Racks (racks A, B, and C) contain the
Processor Units, the Channel Unit, the Watchdog Processor
Unit, the three disk drives, and the dual floppy disk
drive (see figure 5-2). The Line Termination Racks
(see figure 5-3) contain the TDX Units and the Distribution
Equipment.
Figure 5-2
Figure 5-3
5.2 P̲R̲O̲C̲E̲S̲S̲O̲R̲ ̲U̲N̲I̲T̲ ̲(̲P̲U̲)̲
The CAMPS Main Site equipment contains two identical
Processor Units, see figure 5-4. The two PUs are placed
in redundant elements in the configuration. One set
of redundant elements is composed of PU #1, Data Channel
A, and in the Channel Units: Channel Interface Adapter
A (CIA-A) and I/O Bus A (including the connected power
module).
The other set of redundant elements is PU #2, Data
Channel B, CIA-B, and I/O Bus B (incl. power module).
Each Processor Unit is composed of:
* Three Central Processing Units (CPUs) for parallel
program execution. Each CPU contains a CACHE, which
is a Random Access Memory, always containing the
last accessed 1 Kwords of data and code from the
main storage. This speeds up the mean processing
rate.
* Two Random Access Memories (RAMs) forming the main
working storage.
* A Supra-TDX Bus Interface (STI) interfacing the
PU via two TDX Bus Interface Adapters (TIAs) to
the two TDX Busses.
* A Memory Mapping Unit (MAP) which together with
a MAP Interface Adapter (MIA) performs different
central functions in the PU, such as:
- Logical to Physical Address translation (Memory
Mapping)
- Interfacing the Processor Unit to the Channel
Unit via the Data Channel
- Generating timing signals and servicing of
interrupts to the CPUs
- Controlling a communication port via the Watchdog
to the Maintenance Position equipment
- Initial loading of system software (System
Bootload)
Figure 5-4…01…Processor Unit
* Three internal busses, the Processor Bus which
carries internal CPU/CPU and CPU/RAM communication,
the Channel Bus which carries external communication,
and the Control Bus which carries internal control
information.
The two former busses are terminated in both ends
by a Main Bus Termination (MBT) module.
Figure 5-5 shows the PU layout.
Figure 5-5…01…Processor Unit Layout
5.3 C̲H̲A̲N̲N̲E̲L̲ ̲U̲N̲I̲T̲ ̲(̲C̲U̲)̲
The Channel Unit performs two major functions.
It serves as a front end processor containing Disk
Controller modules to handle mass storage, and Line
Termination Units to handle communication towards external
networks and systems.
The Channel Unit is shared by the two Processor Units,
and it follows the dualized concept (see figure 5-6).
Each module (i.e. Disk Controllers and LTUs) is connected
to the two I/O busses A and B.
I/O Bus A is connected to PU #1 via Channel Interface
Adapter-A (CIA-A) and Data Channel A, and I/O Bus B
is connected to PU #2 via CIA-B and Data Channel B.
The modules are then individually switched to one of
the I/O busses by being claimed through the bus.
Each module has dual power input, as power is supplied
by the power supplies of both I/O Bus A and I/O Bus
B. Normally, the load is shared by the two power supplies,
but one is able to supply the total power to the CU.
Three hard-disk assemblies are included in the CAMPS
Main Site equipment. Each assembly consist of a Disk
Controller, a Disk Control Adapter (DCA) and a disk
drive.
Two of the disk drives are of the type Mini Module
Drive (MMD). They have a 80 Mbyte non-removable disk-pack.
Normally, the two MMDs are logically coupled as a "mirrored
pair", thus improving safety against loss of data.
The third disk drive is of the type Storage Module
Drive (SMD). It has an 80 Mbyte removable disk-pack.
Furthermore, a standard floppy disk assembly is included.
It consists of a Standard Floppy Disk Controller, a
Standard Floppy Disk Adapter (SFA), and a Standard
Dual Floppy Disk Drive.
Figure 5-6…01…Channel Unit
Up to four Line Temination Units (LTUs) can be mounted
in the CU.
Each LTU interfaces, via Line Interface Adapters (LIA-Ns)
one or two data exchange channels dependent on the
complexity of the protocols.
The interface of data exchange channels follows the
CCITT V24/V28 standards.
The LTUs each contain 64 Kwords of memory used for
buffering blocks of data transferred between the PU
and the external circuits.
Finally, a Channel Unit Control Panel (CUCP) makes
it possible to manually switch the modules of the Channel
Unit to either of the I/O busses.
Figure 5-7 shows the CU layout.
Figure 5-7…01…Channel Unit Layout
5.4 T̲D̲X̲ ̲S̲U̲B̲S̲Y̲S̲T̲E̲M̲
The Telecommunication Data Exchange (TDX) subsystem
interconnects the light protocol part of the data exchange
channels (such as VDUs and printers) with the Processor
Units.
The dualized TDX-subsystem consists of (see figure
5-8):
- Two TDX buses each consisting of a pair of coax
cables connecting a number of TDX outlets.
- A TDX Controller for each TDX bus which drives
and controls a multiplexing scheme, which polls
and transfers data to or from the attached devices.
- Four TDX Interface Adapters (TIAs) connecting the
TDX busses to the suprabus-TDX Interface (STI)
in each Processor Unit.
- A number of TDX Units (TUs) attached to the two
TDX busses via TDX outlets.
Each TDX Unit contains max. two Line Termination Units
(LTUX-Ss) each interfacing one to four V24/V28 data
exchange channels, dependent on protocols and speeds.
The LTUX-Ss are switched to one of the two TDX busses.
The switching is controlled by the Watchdog Processor
through the Configuration Control Bus (CCB) and is
performed by the Bus Switch Module (BSM-X).
Different kinds of adapters interfacing the data exchange
channels to the LTUX-Ss are described under the Distribution
Equipment.
The two TDX controllers are placed in TU No. 1 and
TU No. 4.
Normally, TDX Bus No. 1 is logically attached to PU
No. 1 and TDX No. 2 to PU No. 2. This means, that if
a fault occurs on the TDX Bus in use, an emergency
switch-over takes place, including PU and I/O Bus in
CU.
Figure 5-9 shows the TDX Unit layout.…86…1 …02… …02…
…02… …02…
Figure 5-8
TDX Subsystem…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
Figure 5-9
TDX UNIT Layouts
5.5 D̲I̲S̲T̲R̲I̲B̲U̲T̲I̲O̲N̲ ̲E̲Q̲U̲I̲P̲M̲E̲N̲T̲
The data channels connecting the CAMPS Main Equipment
with the individual terminals/external circuits are
named Data Exchange Channels
The individual channels are transmitted to a terminal
or an external circuit using distribution equipment
determined by the channel application. The distribution
equipment is providing the adaption necessary for the
transmission of each data channel.
The distribution systems can be categorized into 5
categories.
The characteristics and the applications of each category
are shown on fig. 5-10.
Each channel is connected in the Main Site at the Standard
CCITT V24/V28 interface of the LTUs/LTUX-Ss.
All data links are leaving the Main Site Racks through
the Filter Box.
The adapters used for Data Exchange Channels in category
1 to 3 are located in the TDX Units.
Category 4 and 5 Data Exchange Channel adapters are
located in a special Adapter Crate see figure 5-11.
The adapters for VDUs and MSPs are opto transceivers
connected directly to a transmit- and receive-opto
fibre per channel.
There are two types of low level adapters.
- Type 1 adapters for PTP/PTRs and low speed channel
devices are modules each handling four medium to
low speed Data Exchange Channels.
- Type 2 adapters for OCR and external circuits of
category 4 and 5 are modules each handling one
high speed Data Exchange Channel.
Figure 5-10…01…Distribution Equipment
Figure 5-11…01…Adapter Crate Assembly Layout
5.6 W̲A̲T̲C̲H̲D̲O̲G̲
The Watchdog is composed of a Watchdog Processur Unit
(WDP) and a set of control adaptors, see figure 5-12.
The WDP is contained in its own Crate.
The control adapters are placed in the units under
control.
The Control adapter collects the status monitoring
signals of the unit and is able to execute the switching
functions, which are communicated from the WDP in order
to perform configuration control.
The control adapters communicate with the WDP by the
Configuration Control Bus (CCB).
In addition to the CCB, two WD Control Channels (WDCCs)
are used for the reception of "Keep-alive messages"
from the Processor Units.
The VDU and Printer of the CAMPS Main Site Maintenance
Position are connected to the WDP.
The Watchdog Processor Unit layout is shown in figure
5-13.
Figure 5-12…01…Watchdog
Figure 5-13…01…Watchdog Processor Unit Layout
5.7 S̲E̲C̲U̲R̲I̲T̲Y̲
This section describes the hardware's contribution
to system security.
The general concept here is the elimination of electro-
magnetic emission.
This is achieved by effective shielding of equipment
(TEMPEST approved), and by using techniques that minimizes
or eliminates such emission.
The racks are each equipped with a front door and a
rear door. When all doors in the rack assembly are
closed, it performs an effective Electromagnetic Interference
(EMI) shielding. The ventilaton holes are dimensioned
so that they act as short-circuits.
The power input goes through the three Power Line Filters
and all electric signals must pass the Filterbox.
The Main Site connections to VDUs and MSPs are performed
via opto-cable, which has no unintended electromagnetic
emission at all.
The other internal connections are performed via V28
Low Level Adapters. To minimize the level of emission,
the V24/28 standard signal voltages of +/-12 Volts
are reduced to +/-6 Volts.
External connections (CAMPS Remote Terminal and Remote
TARE) are performed via crypto equipment.
6 S̲O̲F̲T̲W̲A̲R̲E̲ ̲D̲E̲S̲C̲R̲I̲P̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
6.1 S̲U̲B̲S̲Y̲S̲T̲E̲M̲S̲
CAMPS software is divided into three subsystems (see
figure 6-1):
* System Software which consists of basic software
packages that perform an on-line environment for
the application software.
* Application Software which contains the on-line
packages that perform the functional capabilities
of CAMPS.
* Support Software containing the off-line Maintenance
and Diagnostic Programs.
At the CAMPS Software Support Installation (CSSI)
site, a set of software development tools, utilities,
and test programs is included.
Figure 6-1…01…CAMPS Software
Figure 6-2…01…System Software Subsystem
6.2 S̲O̲F̲T̲W̲A̲R̲E̲ ̲P̲A̲C̲K̲A̲G̲E̲S̲
6.2.1 S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲S̲o̲f̲t̲w̲a̲r̲e̲ ̲S̲u̲b̲s̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲
The System Software consists of the CR80 standard operating
system DAMOS and system software packages which are
developed specially for CAMPS. Those packages are (see
figure 6-2):
* I̲/̲O̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲ ̲(̲I̲O̲C̲)̲
The I/O control package provides the interface
between CAMPS system software and terminals and
lines.
The I/O control functions can be divided into two
distinct functions:
- Line Interface Control
- Device and Line Control
The L̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲I̲n̲t̲e̲r̲f̲a̲c̲e̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲ covers common software
for interface to lines via LTUX-Ss and LTUs.
It is divided into:
- The Terminal Managememt System (TMS) which
controls logical channels to LTUXs via the
TDX system and logical channels to the LTUs
via a standard LTU handler. The TMS supports
inclusion of device/line specific handlers.
- The TDX System that provides communication
on logical lines from the TDX driver via the
TDX Host Interface (STI) to a number of LTUXs
or other host interfaces. The communication
is controlled by the TDX controller firmware.
- The Standard LTU Handler that provides the
means for the Terminal Handling System to interface
to LTUs on the I/O BUS. One incarnation of
the Standard LTU Handler serves one LTU with
up to 10 communication lines. The standard
LTU Handler interfaces up to 10 device specific
handlers.
- The Standard LTU micro-processor software which
supports implementation of communication line
protocol software in the LTU. It is the I/O
Bus interface for data and control information
input/output.
The D̲e̲v̲i̲c̲e̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲L̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲ consists of all line,
channel, and device specific software and firmware.
It is divided into:
- The NICS TARE control which implements the
levels 2 and 3 interface of the TARE communication
(i.e. the LITSYNC protocol and handling of
messages).
- The SCARS Control which implements the levels
2 and 3 interface of the SCARS communication
(X25 protocol and handling of messages).
- The CCIS Control that implements the levels
2 and 3 interface of the CCIS communication
(as for SCARS Control).
- The TRC/LSC Control which implements the device
interface to Tape Relay Center (TRC) and Low
Speed Channel Device (LSC) lines. This includes
conversion to and from internal record format,
character sequence recognition, and ITA2/ITA5
conversion.
- The PTP/PTR Control which implements the device
interface to Paper Tape Reader/Puncher (PTR/PTP).
This includes conversion to and from internal
record formats, character sequence recognition,
and ITA2/ITA5 conversion.
- The Medium Speed Printer (MSP) Control which
implements the device interface to the MSP
including conversion from internal record format.
- The OCR Control which implements the device
interface to the Optical Character Reader (OCR)
including generation of internal record format.
- The VDU Control which implements the device
interface for Visual Display Units (VDUs).
It consists of the format handler, VDU handler,
and VDU LTUX-S firmware.
* C̲a̲m̲p̲s̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲F̲u̲n̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲ ̲(̲C̲S̲F̲)̲
CSF is a system software package which on top of
DAMOS supplies a set of support tools for application
packages. The functions are:
- Shared Buffer Management
- Timer Facilities
- Queue Handling
- Message Management System Interface Facilities
- General System Call and Multi-Programming Facilities
A major part of the tools for CAMPS access control
and security is centralized in CSF.
* M̲e̲s̲s̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲a̲g̲e̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲(̲M̲M̲S̲)̲
Message Management System contains facilities for
storage of messages and similar items on disk and
manipulation of these messages and items.
Each item is stored in an entity called CAMPS Information
File (CIF). The main difference between a CIF and
an ordinary file is that CIFs are relatively small,
and that they are subject to very intense activity
during a relatively short period after their creation.
After that period they will be stored permanently,
and will be subject to very low activity. MMS optimizes
storage of and access to items according to the
activity level.
CIFs reside on disk volumes which normally contain
a number of files, too. The necessary volume handling
is done by commands to the DAMOS File Management
System. They are issued by SSC and Supervisor Package.
Volume handling and other System functions are
performed by operating system using the same interface
as application packages.
Data transfers between MMS, application processes,
and Disk Controller Memory are done by direct memory
access.
* T̲a̲b̲l̲e̲ ̲M̲a̲n̲a̲g̲e̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲P̲a̲c̲k̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲(̲T̲M̲P̲)̲
The normal TMP functions are:
- Search in Tables
- Update of Tables
- Reorganization of Tables
- Back-Up/Reload of TMP Data
- Global Serial Number Management
- System Parameter Management
TMP received function requests from application
packages and SSC and returns answers by means of
system call monitor in the CSF package.
TMP reads from disk and writes to disk via MMS.
* S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲ ̲S̲t̲a̲t̲u̲s̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲t̲r̲o̲l̲ ̲(̲S̲S̲C̲)̲
This package controls the operation of the whole
system and has the following facilities:
- Loading and start-up of the system both initially
and upon recovery. This also involves the allocation
of resources such as processes, devices, CPUs,
and memory. It combines DAMOS facilities to
form the CAMPS operating system (COPSY).
- Control of on-line, standby, and off-line PUs,
and Watchdog. Switching the status of a PU
between "on-line" and "standby" or "off-line"
and "standby".
- Control of processes as the parent of all processes,
security and access control, administering
of changes to security profiles. User sign-on,
sign-off, security interrogations.
- Initiation and administration of base level
diagnostic routines (in both on-line and standby
processor units).
- Monitoring status of hardware sybsystems and
devices, control of maintenance position. Physical
device allocation and switch-over. Switching
between operation with mirrored disks and single
disk.
- Handling of errors reported by packages, output
at Maintenance Position printer.
- Synchronization of clocks in PUs, setting of
system date and time.
- Production of off-line copy of system parameter
file.
- Operation of the on-line PU without the Watchdog.
- Controlled close-down or switchover of the
system.
Figure 6-3…01…Application Software Subsystem
6.2.2 A̲p̲p̲l̲i̲c̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲S̲o̲f̲t̲w̲a̲r̲e̲ ̲S̲u̲b̲s̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲
The application software consists of the following
packages (see figure 6-3):
* T̲e̲r̲m̲i̲n̲a̲l̲ ̲P̲a̲c̲k̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲(̲T̲E̲P̲)̲
This package controls the man-machine interface
of CAMPS (excluding the Maintenance Position) and
provides common facilities for all users of the
system and for functions that communicate with
users. It is, therefore, responsible for the following
functions:
- Input and initial checking of all user commands.
- User transaction control and control of common
functions (such as cancel, suspend, delete).
- Facilities for syntax validation of transaction
data.
- VDU formatting and editing facilities.
- Printer formatting and control, allocation
of various number series.
- Access to terminals via queues or via direct
responses. Control of queues (queue commands
for interactive VDUs, automatic output at receive
only printers, pre-emption).
- Status reports on terminal activities.
- Collection of information for statistics directly
related to facilities controlled by this package.
- Functions on behalf of all user types (Supervisor,
MSO, MDCO, users).
- Input from OCR and PTR.
* M̲e̲s̲s̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲D̲i̲s̲t̲r̲i̲b̲u̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲P̲a̲c̲k̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲(̲M̲D̲P̲)̲
The Message Distribution Package performs internal
distribution of incoming and outgoing messages,
comments, VDU pages, messages for coordination
and specified distribution from the Message Distribution
Control Operators (MDCOs) and the Supervisor.
Internal distribution means selection of queues
for terminals, based on either headquarters and
Subject Indicator Codes (SICs) or on specification
of Staff Cell Designators (SCDs).
The Message Distribution Package receives messages
from the Traffic Handling Package (THP) and from
the Terminal Package (TEP).
The following main functions are performed:
- Distribution of incoming messages
- Local distribution of outgoing messages
- Distribution of messages for coordination
- Distribution of messages/comments returned
from the MDCO
- Distribution of retrieved messages
- Delivery of SCARS/CCIS objects
- Delivery functions
- Quiet Hours functions
* T̲r̲a̲f̲f̲i̲c̲ ̲H̲a̲n̲d̲l̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲P̲a̲c̲k̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲(̲T̲H̲P̲)̲
The Traffic Handling Package provides the functions
for Transport, ACP127-analysis, Routing and ACP127
-conversion of messages.
Incoming messages are received via external channels
(NICS TARE, TRC/Point-to-Point, SCARS and CCIS)
and transported to analysis for subsequent internal
distribution.
Outgoing messages are received from other packages
for routing, conversion, and transport for transmission
via above mentioned external channels.
The functions for handling of complete messages
related to PTR/PTP are also provided within this
package.
* L̲o̲g̲g̲i̲n̲g̲ ̲(̲L̲O̲G̲)̲
The functions of the LOG package are:
- Receive log records from applications
- Send the incoming log information to TEP for
printout
- Store the log information by means of SAR
- Trace log records requested by TEP using SAR
to retrieve the log CIF in question.
* S̲t̲o̲r̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲R̲e̲t̲r̲i̲e̲v̲a̲l̲ ̲(̲S̲A̲R̲)̲
SAR provides functional capabilities for on-line
storage of all incoming and outgoing messages in
an intermediate storage (up to a few days depending
on traffic and assigned disk space and allowed
fill level). After that, the CIFs are kept for
a period of at least 30 days on off-line disk volumes
(long term storage).
SAR reports retrieval of CIFs from the intermediate
storage.
Retrieving off-line is possible when off-line volume
is mounted. The functions carried out by SAR are:
- Store on-line
- Retrieve on-line
- Store off-line
- Retrieve off-line
* S̲t̲a̲t̲i̲s̲t̲i̲c̲s̲ ̲P̲a̲c̲k̲a̲g̲e̲ ̲(̲S̲T̲P̲)̲
The Statistics Package generates statistics based
on information collected by the Statistics Package
Collection Monitor procedure.
It interfaces with the Terminal Package for retrieval
of statistics.
The Statistics Package supports the functions:
- Statistics collection
- Statistics dump
- Statistics generation
- Statistics delivery
6.2.3 S̲u̲p̲p̲o̲r̲t̲ ̲S̲o̲f̲t̲w̲a̲r̲e̲ ̲S̲u̲b̲s̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲
The support software consists of the following packages:
* O̲f̲f̲-̲l̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲P̲a̲c̲k̲a̲g̲e̲
This package contains modules for:
- System generation (configuration table)
- VDU format generation
- Message format generation
- Table generation
* M̲a̲i̲n̲t̲e̲n̲a̲n̲c̲e̲ ̲a̲n̲d̲ ̲D̲i̲a̲g̲n̲o̲s̲t̲i̲c̲ ̲P̲a̲c̲k̲a̲g̲e̲
This package contains programs used for fault locating
and testing of hardware modules (refer to chapter
7).
At the CSSI site the following packages are furthermore
available:
* S̲o̲f̲t̲w̲a̲r̲e̲ ̲D̲e̲v̲e̲l̲o̲p̲m̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲P̲a̲c̲k̲a̲g̲e̲
This package contains CAMPS independent software
development tools and utilities intended for development
of software modifications.
The package consists of:
- Three SWELL80 compilers with different capacities
- A CR80 Assembler
- A Linker
- An Editor
- A Debugger
- Utility Programs
The SWELL80 compilers which are block-structured
Assemblers, the Assembler, and the Linker produces
executable object codes from source files, generated
by means of the Editor.
The debugger is for tracing of logical errors in
the developed programs.
The Utility Programs handle filemanipulation and
other areas, useful in the development of software
modificatons.
* O̲f̲f̲-̲l̲i̲n̲e̲ ̲T̲e̲s̲t̲ ̲P̲r̲o̲g̲r̲a̲m̲s̲
This package consists of the programs made for
testing of hardware modules.
7 S̲Y̲S̲T̲E̲M̲ ̲M̲A̲I̲N̲T̲E̲N̲A̲N̲C̲E̲ ̲O̲V̲E̲R̲V̲I̲E̲W̲
7.1 I̲N̲T̲R̲O̲D̲U̲C̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
In the maintenance of CAMPS we have to deal with two
concepts:
- Preventive maintenance, which is the actions taken
to prevent failures of the system or part of it.
- Corrective maintenance, which is the actions taken
to correct failures that arise despite the preventive
actions.
The objective of preventive maintenance is to keep
a Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) as high as possible,
while the objective of corrective maintenance is to
keep a Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) as low as possible.
A modern electronic system like CAMPS needs very little
preventive maintenance, as the contents of electromechanical
parts are very small. It consists mostly of cleaning
printers and airfilters.
The organization of corrective maintenance is as follows:
On-site the maintenance ends up with module replacement.
The faulty modules are delivered to Depot Maintenance,
where it is decided if the module is to be repaired
at the Depot or to be sent to Maintenance Support at
Christian Rovsing A/S.
Software maintenance and updates are carried out on
CAMPS Software Support Installation (CSSI). The software
developed here is distributed on floppy disks to the
CAMPS sites for loading.
The on-site corrective maintenance goes by the general
procedure:
- Detect when an error occurs
- Locate it down to module level
- Replace the faulty module
- Test the function of the module
- Restart the system operation (if it has been affected)
It is, of course, essential that the system is brought
back to normal operation as quick as posible when a
fault has occurred.
This is achieved in CAMPS by the following means:
- On-line error reporting (quick detection)
- Off-line diagnostics (quick fault isolation)
7.2 O̲N̲-̲L̲I̲N̲E̲ ̲E̲R̲R̲O̲R̲ ̲R̲E̲P̲O̲R̲T̲I̲N̲G̲
During normal operation, the system is supervised by
the Watchdog. It receives "Keep-alive" messages from
the Processor Units via the Watchdog Control Channels,
and status information from the other units via the
Configuration Control Bus.
When an error is detected, the Watchdog immediately
makes an automatic switchover if necessary (the standby
Processor Unit and attached busses take over).
Then an errorcode is printed out at the Maintenance
Position or the Supervisor Position, depending on the
type of error.
If the errorcode identifies the error to be within
a single module, this module is replaced, otherwise
the errorcode functions as an entry point to an off-line
troubleshooting tree (see next section).
Besides the automatic on-line error detecting facilities,
there is a possibility for visual check by means of
front plate indicators (light emmitting diodes), and
for manual check of communicatin lines via the V24
monitoring points.
7.3 O̲F̲F̲-̲L̲I̲N̲E̲ ̲D̲I̲A̲G̲N̲O̲S̲T̲I̲C̲S̲
During normal operation, the standby Processor Unit
is reserved for immediately take over in case of an
error in the active Processor Unit.
In case of the detection of an error, the standby Processor
Unit is taken off-line and used to run Maintenance
and Diagnostic (M&D) programs.
For diagnostic purposes, the M&D programs are used
in conjunction with off-line troubleshooting trees.
The errorcode from the on-line reporting is used as
an entry point in a specific troubleshooting tree,
which tells the technician to run a string of M&D programs.
…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
By following this procedure, the time spent to locate
the faulty module is brought down to an absolute minimum.
7.4 B̲U̲I̲L̲T̲-̲I̲N̲ ̲T̲E̲S̲T̲ ̲P̲R̲O̲G̲R̲A̲M̲S̲
The more complex modules contain Built-In Test (BIT)
programs. As they reside in the modules in Read Only
Memories (ROMs), they need not be loaded from mass
storage.
A BIT program is either automatically activated during
start-up, manually activated by pressing a front plate
button, or by entering a program command.
The result of the BIT is indicated on a front plate
indicator and as status information to the Watchdog.
A̲P̲P̲E̲N̲D̲I̲X̲ ̲A̲
A̲b̲b̲r̲e̲v̲i̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲
A ATOMAL (e.g. CTS/A)
ACP 127 Allied Communication Procedures No. 127
Addr. Addresses
AIG Addresses Indicator Group
App. Application
BFD Basic File Directory (within SFM)
BPS Bits Per Second
CAMPS Computer Aided Message Processing System
CC Completion Code
CCB Configuration Control Bus
CCB Change Control Board
CCBA Configuration Control Bus Adapter
CCIS Command & Control Information System
CCITT The International Telegraph and Telephone
Consultative Committee
CH Channel
CHPT-IRATE Check Point Incoming Message Rate
CHPT-ORATE Check Point Outgoing Message Rate
CIA Data Channel Interface Adapter
CIF CAMPS Information File
CMI Command Interpreter
CMON Coroutine Monitor
COMMCEN Communications Center
COPSY CAMPS Operating System
CPS CAMPS
CPU Central Processing Unit
CR Carriage Return
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT CAMPS Remote Terminal
CSF CAMPS System Functions
CSN Channel Serial Number (Identical to TSN)
CSSI CAMPS Software Support Installation
CTS Cosmic Top Secret
CTS/A Cosmic Top Secret/Atomal
CU Channel Unit
CUCP Channel Unit Control Panel
DAMOS Distributed Advanced Multiprocessor Operating
System
DCA Disk Control Adaptor
DCB CR80D Control Bus
DCE Data Circuit-terminating Equipment
DCN Document Control Number
DD Device Disignator
DEC Data Exchange Channel
DEV Development
DMA Direct Memory Access
DMB CR80D Main Bus
DM&T Distribution Monitoring and Test Equipment
DSMT Development, Software, Maintenance, Test
DTE Data Terminal Equipment
DTG Date Time Group
EDC Error Detection and Correction
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EOL End Of Line
EOLF End Of Line Function
EOTF End Of Transmission Function
ETC Et Cetera
FIFO First In, First Out
FL Format Line
FMS File Management System
FW Firmware
GNS Global Number Series
HDB Historical Data Base
HDLC High Level Data Link Control
HQ Headquarters
HW Hardware
ICB Item Control Block
ICD Interface Control Document
ICHSN Incoming Channel Serial Number
ID Identification
IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame
IF, I/F Interface
IID Item Identification
IMQ Incoming Message Queue
IO, I/O Input/Output
IOC Input/Output Control Package
IOS I/O System
IS Intermediate Storage
ISQ Incoming Storage Queue
ITA International Telegraph Alphabet
ITEM REF ID Item Reference Identity
KER Kernel Package
LAPB Link Access Protocol B
LED Light Emitting Diode
LF Line Feed
LIA Line Interface Adaptor
LOG Log and Accountability Package
LP Line Printer
LSI Large Scale Intergrated Circuits
LSM Low Speed Medium
LSP Low Speed Teleprinter
LSP Least Significant Part
LTS Long Term Storage
LTU Line Termination Unit
LTUX Line Termination Unit Wired to the TDX
Bus
MAP Memory Mapping Unit
MBT Main Bus Termination Module
MC Master Clear
MCB Message Control Block
MCQ MDCO Queue
MDCO Message Distribution Control Operator
MDP Message Distribution Package
MIA Map Interface Adaptor
MID Message Identification
MIN Minutes
MMON Message Monitor
MMS Message Management System within SFM
MRQ Message Routing Queue
MSG Message
MSO Message Service Operator
MSP Medium Speed Tele Printer
MSP Most Significant Part
MSQ Message Service Queue
MSTP Medium Speed Tele Printer
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
MTP Medium Speed Teleprinter
MTTR Mean Time To Repair
MUX Multiplexer
M&D Maintenance and Diagnostics
NA Not Applicable
NAK Negative Acknowledgement
NASIS NATO Subject Indicator System
NICS NATO Integrated Communication System
OCHSN Outgoing Channel Serial Number
OCR Optical Character Reader
OLP Off-line Software Package
OMQ Outgoing Message Queue
OU Off-line Utilities
PCB Printed Circuit Board
PCB Process Control Block
PCF Process Communication Facility
PD Preliminary Design
PLA Plain Language Address
PLA# Plain Language Address Reference Number
PM Page Manager
PROM Programmable Read Only Memory
PSU Power Supply
PTP Paper Tape Puncher
PTR Paper Tape Reader
PU Processor Unit
P-to-P Point to Point
Q Queue (also used as suffix)
QEL Queue Element (Identical to QUEL)
QER Queue Element Reference
QID Queue Identification
QMON Queue Monitor
QUEL Queue Element (Identical to QEL)
RAM Random Access Memory
RF Radio Frequency
RI Routing Indicator
RLQ Message Release Queue
ROP Receive Only Printer
RRQ Retrieve Request Queue
RSN Release Serial Number (Identical to SSN)
RTCM Real Time Clock Module
SAR Storage and Retrieval
SCARS Status Control, Alerting and Reporting
System
SCD Staff Cell Designator
SCM System Call Monitor
SDA Shared Data Area
SDL Standard Distribution List
SDS CAMPS System Design Specification
SD&T Software Development and Test
SEH System Error Handler
SEL Synchronization Element
SFA Standard Floppy Disk Controller Adaptor
SFD Directory types within SFM
SFM Storage and File Management Package
SIC Subject Indicator Code
SID Segment Identifier
SOTF Start of Transmission Function
SP Sub-Package
SRS System Requirements Specification
SSC System Status and Control
SSN Station Serial Number (Identical to RSN)
SSP Support Software Package
STA Statistics Package (Identical to STP)
STI Supra/TDX Bus Interface
STP Statistics Package
STS Short Term Storage
SUPV Supervisor
SVQ Supervisor Queue
SWELL Software Engineering Low Level Language
SyncEl Synchronization Element
TARE Telegraph Automatic Relay Equipment
TBD To Be Defined
TC Transfer Counter
TD Terminal designator
TDS Test Drive System
TDX Telecommunition Data Exchange
TEMCO Terminal Monitoring and Control
TEP Terminal Package
TG Table Generation (Software in SSP)
THP Traffic Handling Package
THS Terminal Handling System
TI Transmission Identification
TIA TDX Bus Interface Adapter
TM Terminal Manager
TMON Timer Monitor
TMP Table Management Package
TOC Time of Occurrence
TOS Terminal Operating System
TP Tele Printer
TRANSID Transaction Identification
TRC Tape Relay Center
TS Time Stamp
TSN Transmission Serial Number (Identical
to CSN)
TTY Teletype
UGI User Group Identification
VDU Visual Display Unit
WDP Watchdog Processor
X25 Packet Switching Interface
Z80 Zilog 80 CPU
A̲P̲P̲E̲N̲D̲I̲X̲ ̲B̲
