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.TH plot2ps 1 "June 1989" .SH NAME plot2ps \- a utility for converting Unix plot files into postscript. .SH SYNOPSIS plot2ps [options] [files...] .PP \&\fBplot2ps\fR is a utility for converting Unix plot files into postscript. The \fBplot2ps\fR utility reads plotting commands from named files or the standard input and writes postscript to the standard output. You can then print the postscript output on a printer, or edit it using the \fBidraw\fR graphics editor. You can also easily include the output in LaTeX documents using \fBdvi2ps\fR and the LaTeX command \fBpsfig\fR. .PP Why is this useful? The plot file format is a commonly supported format for producing graphics on Unix systems. To produces figures for publication you might need to take these graphics and label them to make figures. This can be done using \fBplot2ps\fR and the \&\fBidraw\fR editor, an interactive \f(CW\`what you see is what you get\'\fR graphics editor. Last, \fBdvi2ps\fR makes it easy to include these figures in LaTeX documents. All of these steps are discussed in the following sections, followed by a discussion of the plot file format and the plot library functions. .PP .SH Command\ Line\ Options .br .PP \&\fBplot2ps\fR is a relatively simple utility in that there are few command line options to choose from. The Unix plot file format does not contain methods for specifying font or font size, so you must specify these things with options. There are no other options for controlling the picture. .PP The Unix plot file format is machine dependent on the byte order of unformatted, signed, two byte integer coordinates contained in plot commands. The \f(CW\`-high-byte-first\'\fR or \f(CW\`-low-byte-first\'\fR option specifies this order explicitly. \fBplot2ps\fR attempts to determine the byte order from commands early in the plot file, but the method is heuristic and is not foolproof. Several standard plot sizes specified by the \fBopen\fR command are used to recognize byte order by \fBplot2ps\fR. If these sizes are recognized in byte reversed order, \fBplot2ps\fR adjusts accordingly. These sizes include 504x504, 2048x2048 (versatek plotters), 2100x2100, 3120x3120(tektronics 4014 terminals) and 4096x4096 (gsi 300 terminals). .PP The remaining command line options may be used specify an alternate postscript prologue and to print the licensing information. .PP Input plot files names may be specified anywhere on the command line. If no file names are specified, or the name \f(CW\`-\'\fR is specified, the standard input is read for plotting instructions. Only the font or font size options which precede a file name will affect the text for that file. .PP .IP \f(CW\`-help\'\fR\ .IP \f(CW\`-V\'\fR\ The help option prints a summary of command line syntax for \&\fBplot2ps\fR, a list of the font names (the standard builtin postscript fonts), and version, copyright and warranty information. Specifying this options causes plot2ps to ignore files on the standard input. You can specify a file on the standard input explicitly with the option \f(CW\`-\'\fR if you want it to read the standard input as well. .IP .IP \f(CW\`-fontsize\ \fIsize\fR\'\fR\ .IP \f(CW\`-f\ \fIsize\fR\'\fR\ The fontsize options specifies the default size in printer's points (1/72 inch) of all text appearing in the plot. If unspecified, the size defaults to 14 points. .IP Some sizes are supported better than others under X windows. The standard sizes distributed with X windows are 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, and 24 points. Text at these point sizes will display correctly in the \&\fBidraw\fR editor. Other font sizes will print correctly on a postscript device such as the laserwriter, but may not appear at the correct size in the \fBidraw\fR editor. .IP .IP \f(CW\`-font\ \fIname\fR\'\fR\ .IP \f(CW\`-fo\ \fIname\fR\'\fR\ The font name option specifies the name of the default font for all text appearing in the plot. \f(CW\`plot2ps -help\'\fR prints a listing of the font names on the standard output. These names include the available builtin fonts on standard postscript printers. .IP .IP \f(CW\`-high-byte-first\'\fR\ .IP \f(CW\`-h\'\fR\ The high-byte-first option specifies explicitly that the higher order byte of each signed, two byte integer occurs first in the file. It disables determination of byte order from the file itself. .IP .IP \f(CW\`-low-byte-first\'\fR\ .IP \f(CW\`-l\'\fR\ The low-byte-first option specifies explicitly that the lower order byte of each signed, two byte integer occurs first in the file. It disables determination of byte order from the file itself. .IP .IP \f(CW\`-prologue\ \fIfilename\fR\'\fR\ .IP \f(CW\`-p\ \fIfilename\fR\'\fR\ The prologue option specifies the name of an alternate postscript prologue \fIfilename\fR to be used in place of the default \&\fBidraw\fR prologue. The prologue declares procedures used to draw each graphic object. The default prologue was generously provided by John Interante and is a part of the InterViews distribution, version 2.5. .IP .IP \f(CW\`-copying\'\fR\ .IP \f(CW\`-warranty\'\fR\ The copying and warranty options print a copy of the GNU General Public License on the standard error output. Included is conditions for copying \fBplot2ps\fR and information on the lack of any warranty. .IP These conditions do not cover the output of \fBplot2ps\fR. The only conditions imposed on the output are those which come from the prologue that you are using. .IP .IP \f(CW\`-signed\'\fR\ .IP \f(CW\`-unsigned\'\fR\ The signed and unsigned options specify whether coordinates in the plot file are signed. By convension, coordinates are always signed. Some plot files do not follow this convension, and you can use the unsigned option to convert those files. .IP .IP .PP .SH Examples\ Using\ \fBplot2ps\fR .br .PP To produce a plot of data arranged in ordered pairs of x and y coordinates in an ASCII file, you can use: .PP .DS .ft CW graph <asciiDataFile | plot2ps | lpr -Plw .DE .ft R .PP To create a simple postscript figure you can use: .PP .DS .ft CW echo 0 0 1 1 2 0 | spline | graph | plot2ps > test.ps .DE .ft R .PP To edit the plot: .PP .DS .ft CW idraw test.ps .DE .ft R .PP To use the previewer to look at the plot: .PP .DS .ft CW xps -c A4 test.ps .DE .ft R .PP .SH Including\ a\ Figure\ in\ an\ Article .br .PP This is an example of LaTeX code which places the figure generated in the previous example in a page of text. .PP .DS .ft CW \&\edocumentstyle[]{article} \&\einput{psfig} \&\ebegin{document} \&\etitle{Title of the article.} \&\eauthor{The Author's name} \&\emaketitle This is an example of how to include postscript figures in LaTeX documents. \&\ebegin{figure}[h] \&\ecenterline{\epsfig{figure=test.ps,height=3in}} \&\ecaption{Here is a description of the figure which will appear below it.} \&\eend{figure} Note that the above figure was included using dvi2ps. \&\eend{document} .DE .ft R .PP .SH Options\ to\ \fBpsfig\fR\ for\ Including\ Figures .br .PP \&\fBpsfig\fR is a LaTeX command used to insert a postscript figure into a document. .PP \&\fBpsfig\fR can be used to insert \fBplot2ps\fR generated postscript into a LaTeX document. The placement of the \fBpsfig\fR command tells LaTeX where in the document to place the postscript, and arguments to the command give the name of the file containing the postscript, and the desired size of the figure. Arguments are separated by commas or blanks, and are of the form \&\f(CW\`\fIkeyword\fR=\fIvalue\fR\'\fR. The following is a list of valid arguments for the \fBpsfig\fR command: .PP .IP \fBfile=\fIname\fR\fR\ The file name of the postscript figure. .IP .IP \fBheight=\fIsize\fR\fR\ The height of the figure (eg. 3in). If you specify only a height or only a width, the width and height are scaled equally. If you specify both a width and a height the aspect ratio will be affected. .IP .IP \fBwidth=\fIsize\fR\fR\ The width of the figure (eg. 3in). .IP .IP \fBbbllx=\fIcoordinate\fR\fR\ The bounding box lower left-hand x coordinate. Any postscript file which conforms to the postscript Document Structuring Conventions version 2.0 should contain a bounding box information at the head of the file. \fBplot2ps\fR output conforms to the version 2.0 conventions so that you should not need to use any of the bounding box options. .IP .IP \fBbblly=\fIcoordinate\fR\fR\ The bounding box lower left-hand y coordinate. .IP .IP \fBbburx=\fIcoordinate\fR\fR\ The bounding box upper right-hand x coordinate. .IP .IP \fBbbury=\fIcoordinate\fR\fR\ The bounding box upper right-hand y coordinate. .IP .IP \fBrheight=\fIsize\fR\fR\ Horizontal space to reserve for the figure. .IP .IP \fBrwidth=\fIsize\fR\fR\ Vertical space to reserve for the figure. .IP .IP \fBclip=\fR\ Clip the figure. \fBclip=\fR is a switch and takes no value, but the \&\f(CW\`=\'\fR must be present. This option is useful for including postscript figures which use the size of the clipping path to size themselves. .PP .SH How\ to\ Get\ \fBdvi2ps\fR .br .PP The \fBdvi2ps\fR utility mentioned previously is used convert dvi files generated by LaTeX into post-script. It also has support for inclusion of postscript figures into LaTeX documents. It is available via anonymous ftp from \f(CW\`june.cs.washington.edu\'\fR (128.95.1.4). Look for \f(CW\`tex/w_dvi2ps.tar.Z\'\fR. .PP .PP .SH How\ to\ Get\ \fBidraw\fR .br .PP The \fBidraw\fR utility mentioned previously is an interactive graphics editor which is distributed with InterViews. InterViews is available via anonymous ftp from \f(CW\`interviews.stanford.edu\'\fR (36.22.0.175) in the file \f(CW\`InterViews/2.5.tar.Z\'\fR. .PP .SH How\ to\ Get\ \fBxps\fR .br .PP The \fBxps\fR utility mentioned previously is a postscript previewer for X windows written by Crispin Goswell. \fBxps\fR is available via anonymous ftp from \f(CW\`ai.toronto.edu\'\fR (128.100.1.65) in \f(CW\`pub/X/xps.tar.Z\'\fR and from \&\f(CW\`qed.rice.edu\'\fR (128.42.4.38) in the file \f(CW\`pub/x11/xps.tar.Z\'\fR. .PP The original distribution of \fBxps\fR is available via anonymous ftp from \&\f(CW\`uunet.uu.net\'\fR (192.48.96.2) in the directory \&\f(CW\`comp.sources.unix/volume12/postscript\'\fR. You can also find \fBxps\fR on the host \f(CW\`j.cc.purdue.edu\'\fR (128.210.9.2) in the directory \&\f(CW\`comp.sources.Unix/volume12\'\fR in the files \f(CW\`v12i050.Z\'\fR through \&\f(CW\`v12i067.Z\'\fR. Patches for \fBxps\fR are also available via anonymous ftp from both \f(CW\`uunet.uu.net\'\fR in the directory mentioned above and \&\f(CW\`z.andrew.cmu.edu\'\fR (128.2.30.8) in the directory \f(CW\`psdiffs\'\fR. .PP Ghostscript is another postscript previewer supporting X windows. Version 1.2 does not yet support all of the features used by \&\fBplot2ps\fR. It is available via anonymous ftp from \&\f(CW\`prep.ai.mit.edu\'\fR (18.71.0.38) - Look for \&\f(CW\`pub/gnu/ghostscript-1.2.tar.Z\'\fR. .PP .SH Acknowledgements .br .PP Many thanks to Richard Stallman for his helpful discussions of the program and documentation. Also, thanks to John Interrante for generously providing the postscript prologue and helpful comments on the program. .PP .bp .SH \&\fBlibps\fR,\ a\ Library\ of\ Unix\ Plot\ Functions .br .PP Libps is a library of Unix plot functions for drawing graphic object using postscript. Before drawing any objects or using any of the other functions, a program should call \fBopenpl\fR. Before exiting and after all other libps calls a program should call \&\fBclosepl\fR. .PP .PP .PP .PP .PP .SH \&\fBalabel\fR .br .PP int \fBalabel\fR (char \fIx_justify\fR, char \fIy_justify\fR, char \fI*label\fR); .PP \&\fBalabel\fR takes three arguments \fIx_justify\fR, \fIy_justify\fR, and \fIlabel\fR and places the label according to the x and y axis adjustments specified in \fIx_justify\fR and \fIy_justify\fR respectively. \fIx_justify\fR is a character containing either \&\f(CW\`l\'\fR, \f(CW\`c\'\fR, or \f(CW\`r\'\fR for left, center or right justified with respect to the current x coordinate. \fIy_justify\fR is a character containing either \f(CW\`b\'\fR, \f(CW\`c\'\fR, or \f(CW\`t\'\fR for placing the bottom center or top of the label even with the current y coordinate. \fI*label\fR is a string containing the label. The current point is moved to follow the end of the text. .PP See section fontname on how to change the default font. See section fontsize on how to change the font size. .PP .SH \&\fBarc\fR .br .PP int \fBarc\fR (int \fIx\fR, int \fIy\fR, int \fIx0\fR, int \fIy0\fR, int \fIx1\fR, int \fIy1\fR) .PP \&\fBarc\fR takes six integer arguments specifying the coordinates of the center (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR), beginning (\fIx1\fR, \fIy1\fR), and ending (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR) of a circular arc. The current point becomes (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR). .PP .SH \&\fBcircle\fR .br .PP int \fBcircle\fR (int \fIx\fR, int \fIy\fR, int \fIr\fR) .PP \&\fBcircle\fR takes three integer arguments specifying the center (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR) of the circle and its radius (\fIr\fR). The current point becomes (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR). .PP .SH \&\fBclosepl\fR .br .PP int \fBclosepl\fR () .PP \&\fBclosepl\fR takes no arguments. It merely outputs the postscript trailer containing a \fBshowpage\fR command. .PP .SH \&\fBcolor\fR .br .PP int \fBcolor\fR (int \fIred\fR, int \fIgreen\fR, int \fIblue\fR); .PP \&\fBcolor\fR sets the foreground color of all the following objects. The arguments \fIred\fR, \fIgreen\fR and \fIblue\fR indicate the intensity of red, green and blue components of the foreground color respectively. Each is a unsigned integer specifying an intensity in the range from 0 to 0xFFFF. A value of (0, 0, 0) represents black and a value of (0xFFFF, 0xFFFF, 0xFFFF) indicates white. .PP .SH \&\fBcont\fR .br .PP int \fBcont\fR (int \fIx\fR, int \fIy\fR) .PP \&\fBcont\fR takes two integer arguments specifying the coordinate (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR) for the continuation of a line. This draws a line segment from the current point to the point (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR). The current point then becomes (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR). .PP .SH \&\fBerase\fR .br .PP int \fBerase\fR () .PP \&\fBerase\fR normally erases all the graphics from the display before a plot is viewed. Since we start off with a blank page in postscript and \fBidraw\fR this function does nothing. .PP .SH \&\fBfill\fR .br .PP int \fBfill\fR (int \fIlevel\fR); .PP \&\fBfill\fR sets the intensity of the filler for closed paths. The argument \fIlevel\fR indicates the grey level of the fill pattern. It's value ranges from 1 to 0xFFFF. A value of 1 represents black and a value of 0xFFFF indicates white. A value of 0 represents no fill, or transparent. .PP .SH \&\fBfontname\fR .br .PP int \fBfontname\fR (char \fI*font_name\fR); .PP \&\fBfontname\fR takes a single string argument, \fIfont_name\fR, specifying the name of the font to be used for following text. The laser writer builtin fonts are supported: .PP .DS .ft CW courier-bold courier-boldoblique courier-oblique courier helvetica-bold helvetica-boldoblique helvetica-oblique helvetica symbol times-bold times-bolditalic times-italic times-roman .DE .ft R .PP .SH \&\fBfontsize\fR .br .PP int \fBfontsize\fR (int \fIsize\fR); .PP \&\fBfontsize\fR takes a single integer argument \fIsize\fR in printer's points (1/72 inch) and sets the font size accordingly. .PP .SH \&\fBlabel\fR .br .PP int \fBlabel\fR (char \fI*s\fR) .PP \&\fBlabel\fR takes a single string argument \fIs\fR and draws the text contained in \fIs\fR at the most recently used coordinate in the current font. By default the text is left justified and centered vertically with respect to the current coordinate. .PP .SH \&\fBline\fR .br .PP int \fBline\fR (int \fIx1\fR, int y\fI1\fR, int \fIx2\fR, int \fIy2\fR) .PP \&\fBline\fR takes four integer arguments specifying the beginning (\fIx1\fR, \fIy1\fR) and ending (\fIx2\fR, \fIy2\fR) points of a line. The current point becomes (\fIx2\fR, \fIy2\fR). .PP See section linemod for how to specify the style or pattern of line. .PP .SH \&\fBlinemod\fR .br .PP int \fBlinemod\fR (char \fI*s\fR) .PP \&\fBlinemod\fR takes a single string arguement \fIs\fR containing the name of the line style desired. The names supported are longdashed, disconnected, dotdashed, dotted, solid and shortdashed. These correspond to the following patterns: .PP .DS .ft CW solid ---------------- longdashed ------- disconnected - dotdashed ----------- - dotted - - - - - - - - shortdashed -- .DE .ft R .PP .SH \&\fBmove\fR .br .PP int \fBmove\fR (int \fIx\fR, int \fIy\fR) .PP \&\fBmove\fR takes two integer arguments specifying the coordinate (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR) for the beginning of a new line. This is equivalent to lifting the pen on a plotter and moving it to a new position without drawing any line. The current point becomes (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR). .PP .SH \&\fBopenpl\fR .br .PP int \fBopenpl\fR () .PP \&\fBopenpl\fR normally opens the device. For postscript we just print out the postscript prologue. The following global variables defined in \fBopenpl\fR specify what prologue is written to the output. .PP \&\fIuser_has_prologue\fR is a flag. If it is non-zero then the open routine should output the user specified prologue contained in the file specified in the string \fIusers_prologue\fR. .PP \&\fIusers_prologue\fR is a string containing the file name for any user specified postscript prologue. This file is a substitute for the default prologue. .PP .SH \&\fBpoint\fR .br .PP int \fBpoint\fR (int \fIx\fR, int \fIy\fR) .PP \&\fBpoint\fR takes a pair of integer arguments specifying the coordinate (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR) for a single point. The current point then becomes (\fIx\fR, \fIy\fR). .PP .SH \&\fBrotate\fR .br .PP int \fBrotate\fR (int \fIw\fR, int \fIh\fR, int \fIangle\fR); .PP \&\fBrotate\fR takes three integer arguments. The last argument, \&\fIangle\fR, specifies the angle in degrees counter-clockwise from the x (horizontal) axis following text. \fIw\fR and \fIh\fR are not currently used, but may be used in future. .PP .SH \&\fBspace\fR .br .PP int \fBspace\fR (int \fIx0\fR, int \fIy0\fR, int \fIx1\fR, int \fIy1\fR) .PP \&\fBspace\fR takes two pair of integers arguments specifying the lower, left-hand and upper, right-hand limits of the range of plot coordinates. The scaling of input to output coordinate conversion is adjusted to fit these ranges into the page. Note however that if the ranges of x and y coordinates are different the smallest scaling of the two is used to avoid affecting the aspect ratio of the plot. This means that although the plot is scaled to fit on the page, the axes are not streched with respect to each other. .PP .bp .SH The\ Unix\ Plot\ File\ Format .br .PP The Unix plot file is a set of plotting commands and data. Each command is a single ascii character indicating which operation is to be performed. The data following a command is either a newline terminated ascii string or several signed, two byte integers in binary format. For example, the command to move the current point to the coordinate (3,5) would be \fBm\e000\e003\e000\e005\fR. .PP Note that the byte order of the binary representation of the signed, two byte integers is machine dependent, so on some machines, this command might appear as \fBm\e003\e000\e005\e000\fR. \fBplot2ps\fR tries to guess the byte order from the arguments to the \fBopenpl\fR command and adjust the order accordingly. .PP The following table lists each single character commands followed by the name of the corresponding libps function called to handle the data and a description of the command and data. .PP .IP \f(CW\`Command\'\fR\ Description .IP .IP \f(CW\`a\'\fR\ The arc command is followed by three pair of signed, two byte integers indicating the center, starting and ending points for a circular arc. The center becomes the the current point. This is equivalent to the \&\fBarc\fR function (see section arc). .IP .IP \f(CW\`c\'\fR\ The circle command is followed by three signed, two byte integers. The first two indicate the x and y coordinates of the center of the circle and the third indicates the radius of the circle. The center becomes the the current point. This is equivalent to the \fBcircle\fR function (see section circle). .IP .IP \f(CW\`C\'\fR\ The color command is followed by three unsigned, two byte integer which indicate the intensity of \fIred\fR, \fIgreen\fR and \fIblue\fR components respectively of the background color. For each component the range of intensity is from 0 to 65535. A value of (\fI0\fR, \fI0\fR, \&\fI0\fR) represents black and (\fI65535\fR, \fI65535\fR, \fI65535\fR) represents white. This is equivalent to the \fBcolor\fR function (see section color). .IP .IP \f(CW\`e\'\fR\ The erase command is followed by no data. The erase command is not needed since in \fBidraw\fR and postscript we start off with a blank page. For this reason the erase command does not actually output any postscript. This is equivalent to the \fBerase\fR function (see section erase). .IP .IP \f(CW\`f\'\fR\ The linemod command is followed by a newline terminated string containing the name of the line mode (or style) for all subsequent lines, circles and arcs. This is equivalent to the \fBlinemod\fR function (see section linemod) which describes the line styles and thier names. .IP .IP \f(CW\`F\'\fR\ The the fontname command is followed by a newline terminated string containing the name of the font to be used for all subsequent text. This is equivalent to the \fBfontname\fR function (see section fontname). .IP .IP \f(CW\`l\'\fR\ The line command is followed by two pair of signed, two byte integers which indicate the starting and ending points of the line. The second pair becomes the the current point. This is equivalent to the \fBline\fR function (see section line). .IP .IP \f(CW\`L\'\fR\ The fill command is followed by an unsigned, two byte integer indicating the intensity of the fill for closed paths. A value of 1 represents black and a value of 0xFFFF indicates white. The value 0 is special in that is indicates that no solid fill should occur, and that the interior of the respective path is transparent. This is equivalent to the \&\fBfill\fR function (see section fill). .IP .IP \f(CW\`m\'\fR\ The move command is followed by a pair of signed, two byte integers containing the location of the new current point. No line is drawn to this point as opposed to the continue command (\fBc\fR) which draws a line. This is equivalent to the \fBmove\fR function (see section move). .IP .IP \f(CW\`n\'\fR\ The continue command is followed by pair of signed, two byte integers containing the coordinates of the endpoint of a line segment. A line is drawn from the previous current point if it was set using a command such as move or continue. This then becomes the the current point. This is equivalent to the \fBcont\fR function (see section cont). .IP .IP \f(CW\`p\'\fR\ The point command is followed by pair of signed, two byte integers containing the location of single point to be drawn. This then becomes the the current point. This is equivalent to the \fBpoint\fR function (see section point). .IP .IP \f(CW\`r\'\fR\ The rotate command is followed by three signed, two byte integers. The third indicates the rotation of all subsequent text. The rotation is in degrees counter-clockwise from the x (horizontal) axis. This is equivalent to the \fBrotate\fR function (see section rotate). .IP .IP \f(CW\`s\'\fR\ The space command is followed by two pair of signed, two byte integers which indicate the the lower right-hand and upper left-hand corners of the range of plot coordinate space. \fBplot2ps\fR uses the third signed, two byte integer (the right-hand limit) to try to determine the byte order. This is equivalent to the \fBspace\fR function (see section space) which describes the recognized sizes. .IP .IP \f(CW\`S\'\fR\ The fontsize command is followed by an signed, two byte integer containing the size in printers points of all subsequent text. This is equivalent to the \fBfontsize\fR function (see section fontsize). .IP .IP \f(CW\`t\'\fR\ The label command is followed by a newline terminated string contains a label which is printed at the current point. It is left justified and centered vertically with respect to the current point. The current point is then set at the end of the text. This is equivalent to the \&\fBlabel\fR function (see section label). .IP .IP \f(CW\`T\'\fR\ The adjusted label command is followed by two characters which indicate the horizontal and vertical justification respectively and a newline terminated string containing the label. The label is drawn with the specified justification and the current point is set at the end of the text. This is equivalent to the \fBalabel\fR function (see section alabel) which describes how to specify justification.