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\unnumbchapentry {Preface}{1}
\unnumbsecentry{History of \code {awk} and \code {gawk}}{1}
\unnumbchapentry {GNU General Public License}{3}
\unnumbsecentry{Preamble}{3}
\unnumbsecentry{TERMS AND CONDITIONS}{4}
\unnumbsecentry{Appendix: Using These Terms in New Programs}{7}
\chapentry {Using This Manual}{1}{9}
\secentry {Data Files for the Examples}{1}{1}{9}
\chapentry {Getting Started With \code {awk}}{2}{11}
\secentry {A Very Simple Example}{2}{1}{11}
\secentry {An Example with Two Rules}{2}{2}{12}
\secentry {A More Complex Example}{2}{3}{13}
\secentry {How to Run \code {awk} Programs}{2}{4}{14}
\subsecentry {One-shot Throw-away \code {awk} Programs}{2}{4}{1}{15}
\subsecentry {Running \code {awk} without Input Files}{2}{4}{2}{15}
\subsecentry {Running Long Programs}{2}{4}{3}{16}
\subsecentry {Executable \code {awk} Programs}{2}{4}{4}{17}
\secentry {Comments in \code {awk} Programs}{2}{5}{18}
\secentry {\code {awk} Statements versus Lines}{2}{6}{18}
\secentry {When to Use \code {awk}}{2}{7}{19}
\chapentry {Reading Input Files}{3}{21}
\secentry {How Input is Split into Records}{3}{1}{21}
\secentry {Examining Fields}{3}{2}{22}
\secentry {Non-constant Field Numbers}{3}{3}{24}
\secentry {Changing the Contents of a Field}{3}{4}{24}
\secentry {Specifying How Fields Are Separated}{3}{5}{26}
\secentry {Multiple-Line Records}{3}{6}{29}
\secentry {Explicit Input with \code {getline}}{3}{7}{30}
\secentry {Closing Input Files and Pipes}{3}{8}{34}
\chapentry {Printing Output}{4}{37}
\secentry {The \code {print} Statement}{4}{1}{37}
\secentry {Examples of \code {print} Statements}{4}{2}{38}
\secentry {Output Separators}{4}{3}{39}
\secentry {Using \code {printf} Statements For Fancier Printing}{4}{4}{40}
\subsecentry {Introduction to the \code {printf} Statement}{4}{4}{1}{40}
\subsecentry {Format-Control Letters}{4}{4}{2}{41}
\subsecentry {Modifiers for \code {printf} Formats}{4}{4}{3}{42}
\subsecentry {Examples of Using \code {printf}}{4}{4}{4}{42}
\secentry {Redirecting Output of \code {print} and \code {printf}}{4}{5}{44}
\subsecentry {Redirecting Output to Files and Pipes}{4}{5}{1}{44}
\subsecentry {Closing Output Files and Pipes}{4}{5}{2}{45}
\secentry {Standard I/O Streams}{4}{6}{47}
\chapentry {Useful ``One-liners''}{5}{49}
\chapentry {Patterns}{6}{51}
\secentry {Kinds of Patterns}{6}{1}{51}
\secentry {The Empty Pattern}{6}{2}{51}
\secentry {Regular Expressions as Patterns}{6}{3}{51}
\subsecentry {How to Use Regular Expressions}{6}{3}{1}{52}
\subsecentry {Regular Expression Operators}{6}{3}{2}{53}
\subsecentry {Case-sensitivity in Matching}{6}{3}{3}{55}
\secentry {Comparison Expressions as Patterns}{6}{4}{56}
\secentry {Boolean Operators and Patterns}{6}{5}{57}
\secentry {Expressions as Patterns}{6}{6}{58}
\secentry {Specifying Record Ranges With Patterns}{6}{7}{59}
\secentry {\code {BEGIN} and \code {END} Special Patterns}{6}{8}{59}
\chapentry {Actions: Overview}{7}{61}
\chapentry {Actions: Expressions}{8}{63}
\secentry {Constant Expressions}{8}{1}{63}
\secentry {Variables}{8}{2}{65}
\subsecentry {Assigning Variables on the Command Line}{8}{2}{1}{65}
\secentry {Arithmetic Operators}{8}{3}{66}
\secentry {String Concatenation}{8}{4}{67}
\secentry {Comparison Expressions}{8}{5}{68}
\secentry {Boolean Expressions}{8}{6}{69}
\secentry {Assignment Expressions}{8}{7}{70}
\secentry {Increment Operators}{8}{8}{72}
\secentry {Conversion of Strings and Numbers}{8}{9}{73}
\secentry {Conditional Expressions}{8}{10}{74}
\secentry {Function Calls}{8}{11}{75}
\secentry {Operator Precedence: How Operators Nest}{8}{12}{76}
\chapentry {Actions: Control Statements}{9}{79}
\secentry {The \code {if} Statement}{9}{1}{79}
\secentry {The \code {while} Statement}{9}{2}{80}
\secentry {The \code {do}-\code {while} Statement}{9}{3}{81}
\secentry {The \code {for} Statement}{9}{4}{82}
\secentry {The \code {break} Statement}{9}{5}{83}
\secentry {The \code {continue} Statement}{9}{6}{84}
\secentry {The \code {next} Statement}{9}{7}{86}
\secentry {The \code {exit} Statement}{9}{8}{86}
\chapentry {Arrays in \code {awk}}{10}{89}
\secentry {Introduction to Arrays}{10}{1}{89}
\secentry {Referring to an Array Element}{10}{2}{91}
\secentry {Assigning Array Elements}{10}{3}{92}
\secentry {Basic Example of an Array}{10}{4}{92}
\secentry {Scanning All Elements of an Array}{10}{5}{93}
\secentry {The \code {delete} Statement}{10}{6}{94}
\secentry {Multi-dimensional Arrays}{10}{7}{95}
\secentry {Scanning Multi-dimensional Arrays}{10}{8}{97}
\chapentry {Built-in Functions}{11}{99}
\secentry {Calling Built-in Functions}{11}{1}{99}
\secentry {Numeric Built-in Functions}{11}{2}{99}
\secentry {Built-in Functions for String Manipulation}{11}{3}{101}
\secentry {Built-in Functions For Input/Output}{11}{4}{104}
\chapentry {User-defined Functions}{12}{105}
\secentry {Syntax of Function Definitions}{12}{1}{105}
\secentry {Function Definition Example}{12}{2}{106}
\secentry {Calling User-defined Functions}{12}{3}{107}
\secentry {The \code {return} Statement}{12}{4}{109}
\chapentry {Built-in Variables}{13}{111}
\secentry {Built-in Variables That Control \code {awk}}{13}{1}{111}
\secentry {Built-in Variables That Convey Information to You}{13}{2}{112}
\chapentry {Invocation of \code {awk}}{14}{115}
\secentry {Command Line Options}{14}{1}{115}
\secentry {Other Command Line Arguments}{14}{2}{116}
\secentry {The \code {AWKPATH} Environment Variable}{14}{3}{117}
\chapentry {The Evolution of the \code {awk} Language}{15}{119}
\secentry {Major Changes Between V7 and S5R3.1}{15}{1}{119}
\secentry {Minor Changes between S5R3.1 and S5R4}{15}{2}{120}
\secentry {Extensions In \code {gawk} Not In S5R4}{15}{3}{120}
\chapentry {\code {gawk} Summary}{Appendix \char65}{123}
\secentry {Command Line Options Summary}{\char65}{1}{123}
\secentry {Language Summary}{\char65}{2}{124}
\secentry {Variables and Fields}{\char65}{3}{124}
\subsecentry {Fields}{\char65}{3}{1}{125}
\subsecentry {Built-in Variables}{\char65}{3}{2}{125}
\subsecentry {Arrays}{\char65}{3}{3}{126}
\subsecentry {Data Types}{\char65}{3}{4}{127}
\secentry {Patterns and Actions}{\char65}{4}{128}
\subsecentry {Patterns}{\char65}{4}{1}{128}
\subsecentry {Regular Expressions}{\char65}{4}{2}{130}
\subsecentry {Actions}{\char65}{4}{3}{130}
\subsubsecentry{Operators}{\char65}{4}{3}{1}{130}
\subsubsecentry{Control Statements}{\char65}{4}{3}{2}{131}
\subsubsecentry{I/O Statements}{\char65}{4}{3}{3}{132}
\subsubsecentry{\code {printf} Summary}{\char65}{4}{3}{4}{132}
\subsubsecentry{Special File Names}{\char65}{4}{3}{5}{133}
\subsubsecentry{Numeric Functions}{\char65}{4}{3}{6}{134}
\subsubsecentry{String Functions}{\char65}{4}{3}{7}{134}
\subsubsecentry{String Constants}{\char65}{4}{3}{8}{135}
\secentry {Functions}{\char65}{5}{136}
\chapentry {Sample Program}{Appendix \char66}{139}
\chapentry {Implementation Notes}{Appendix \char67}{141}
\secentry {Downwards Compatibility and Debugging}{\char67}{1}{141}
\secentry {Probable Future Extensions}{\char67}{2}{141}
\secentry {Suggestions for Improvements}{\char67}{3}{142}
\chapentry {Glossary}{Appendix \char68}{145}
\unnumbchapentry {Index}{149}