⟦e166d5c1e⟧

TextFile

.\" NOTE:  changes to the manual page for "top" should be made in the
.\"        file "top.man" and NOT in the file "top.1".
.TH TOP 1 Local
.UC 4
.SH NAME
top \- display and update information about the top cpu processes
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B top
[
.B \-Sbinu
] [
.BI \-d count
] [
.BI \-s time
] [
.I number
]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.\" This defines appropriate quote strings for nroff and troff
.ds lq \&"
.ds rq \&"
.if t .ds lq ``
.if t .ds rq ''
.\" Just in case these number registers aren't set yet...
.if \nN==0 .nr N 10
.if \nD==0 .nr D 5
.I Top
displays the top
.if !\nN==-1 \nN
processes on the system and periodically updates this information.
.if \nN==-1 \
\{\
If standard output is an intelligent terminal (see below) then
as many processes as will fit on the terminal screen are displayed
by default.  Otherwise, a good number of them are shown (around 20).
.\}
Raw cpu percentage is used to rank the processes.  If
.I number
is given, then the top
.I number
processes will be displayed instead of the default.
.PP
.I Top
makes a distinction between terminals that support advanced capabilities
and those that do not.  This
distinction affects the choice of defaults for certain options.  In the
remainder of this document, an \*(lqintelligent\*(rq terminal is one that
supports cursor addressing, clear screen, and clear to end of line.
Conversely, a \*(lqdumb\*(rq terminal is one that does not support such
features.  If the output of
.I top
is redirected to a file, it acts as if it were being run on a dumb
terminal.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-S
Show system processes in the display.  Normally, system processes such as
the pager and the swapper are not shown.  This option makes them visible.
.TP
.B \-b
Use \*(lqbatch\*(rq mode.  In this mode, all input from the terminal is
ignored.  Interrupt characters (such as ^C and ^\e) still have an effect.
This is the default on a dumb terminal, or when the output is not a terminal.
.TP
.B \-i
Use \*(lqinteractive\*(rq mode.  In this mode, any input is immediately
read for processing.  See the section on \*(lqInteractive Mode\*(rq
for an explanation of
which keys perform what functions.  After the command is processed, the
screen will immediately be updated, even if the command was not
understood.  This mode is the default when standard output is an
intelligent terminal.
.TP
.B \-n
Use \*(lqnon-interactive\*(rq mode.  This is indentical to \*(lqbatch\*(rq
mode.
.TP
.B \-u
Do not take the time to map uid numbers to usernames.  Normally,
.I top
will read as much of the file \*(lq/etc/passwd\*(rq as is necessary to map
all the user id numbers it encounters into login names.  This option
disables all that, while possibly decreasing execution time.  The uid
numbers are displayed instead of the names.
.TP
.BI \-d count
Show only
.I count
displays, then exit.  A display is considered to be one update of the
screen.  This option allows the user to select the number of displays he
wants to see before
.I top
automatically exits.  For intelligent terminals, no upper limit
is set.  The default is 1 for dumb terminals.
.TP
.BI \-s time
Set the delay between screen updates to
.I time
seconds.  The default delay between updates is \nD seconds.
.PP
Both
.I count
and
.I number
fields can be specified as \*(lqinfinite\*(rq, indicating that they can
stretch as far as possible.  This is accomplished by using any proper
prefix of the keywords
\*(lqinfinity\*(rq,
\*(lqmaximum\*(rq,
or
\*(lqall\*(rq.
The default for
.I count
on an intelligent terminal is, in fact,
.BI infinity .
.SH "INTERACTIVE MODE"
When
.I top
is running in \*(lqinteractive mode\*(rq, it reads commands from the
terminal and acts upon them accordingly.  In this mode, the terminal is
put in \*(lqCBREAK\*(rq, so that a character will be
processed as soon as it is typed.  Almost always, a key will be
pressed when
.I top
is between displays; that is, while it is waiting for
.I time
seconds to elapse.  If this is the case, the command will be
processed and the display will be updated immediately thereafter
(reflecting any changes that the command may have specified).  This
happens even if the command was incorrect.  If a key is pressed while 
.I top
is in the middle of updating the display, it will finish the update and
then process the command.  Some commands require additional information,
and the user will be prompted accordingly.  While typing this information
in, the user's erase and kill keys (as set up by the command
.IR stty )
are recognized, and a newline terminates the input.
.PP
These commands are currently recognized (^L refers to control-L):
.TP
.B ^L
Redraw the screen.
.IP "\fBh\fP\ or\ \fB?\fP"
Display a summary of the commands (help screen).
.TP
.B q
Quit
.IR top.
.TP
.B d
Change the number of displays to show (prompt for new number).
Remember that the next display counts as one, so typing
.B d1
will make
.I top
show one final display and then immediately exit.
.TP
.B n or #
Change the number of processes to display (prompt for new number).
.TP
.B s
Change the number of seconds to delay between displays
(prompt for new number).
.TP
.B k
Send a signal (\*(lqkill\*(rq by default) to a list of processes.  This
acts similarly to the command
.IR kill (1)).
.TP
.B r
Change the priority (the \*(lqnice\*(rq) of a list of processes.
This acts similarly to the command
.IR renice (8)).
.TP
.B e
Display a list of system errors (if any) generated by the last
.BR k ill
or
.BR r enice
command.
.SH "THE DISPLAY"
The top few lines of the display show general information
about the state of the system, including
the last process id assigned to a process,
the three load averages,
the current time,
the number of existing processes,
the number of processes in each state
(sleeping, ABANDONED, running, starting, zombies, and stopped),
and a percentage of time spent in each of the processor states
(user, nice, system, and idle).
It also includes the amount of virtual and real memory in use
(with the amount of memory considered \*(lqactive\*(rq in parentheses) and
the amount of free memory.
.PP
The remainder of the screen displays information about individual
processes.  This display is similar in spirit to
.IR ps (1)
but it is not exactly the same.  PID is the process id, USERNAME is the name
of the process's owner (if
.B \-u
is specified, a UID column will be substituted for USERNAME),
PRI is the current priority of the process,
NICE is the nice amount (in the range \-20 to 20),
SIZE is the total size of the process (text, data, and stack),
RES is the current amount of resident memory (both SIZE and RES are
given in kilobytes),
STATE is the current state (one of \*(lqsleep\*(rq, \*(lqWAIT\*(rq,
\*(lqrun\*(rq, \*(lqidl\*(rq, \*(lqzomb\*(rq, or \*(lqstop\*(rq),
TIME is the number of system and user cpu seconds that the process has used,
WCPU is the weighted cpu percentage (this is the same value that
.IR ps (1)
displays as CPU),
CPU is the raw percentage and is the field that is sorted to determine
the order of the processes, and
COMMAND is the name of the command that the process is currently running
(if the process is swapped out, this column is marked \*(lq<swapped>\*(rq).
.SH NOTES
The \*(lqABANDONED\*(rq state (known in the kernel as \*(lqSWAIT\*(rq) was
abandoned, thus the name.  A process should never end up in this state.
.SH AUTHOR
William LeFebvre, Rice University graduate student
.SH FILES
.DT
/dev/kmem		kernel memory
.br
/dev/mem		physical memory
.br
/etc/passwd		used to map uid numbers to user names
.br
/vmunix		system image
.SH BUGS
The command name for swapped processes should be tracked down, but this
would make the program run slower.
.PP
As with
.IR ps (1),
things can change while
.I top
is collecting information for an update.  The picture it gives is only a
close approximation to reality.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
kill(1),
ps(1),
stty(1),
mem(4),
renice(8)
DataMuseum.dk

DKUUG/EUUG Conference tapes

⟦e166d5c1e⟧ TextFile

Derivation

TextFile
