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Length: 11801 (0x2e19)
Types: TextFile
Notes: UNIX file
Names: »ps.1«
└─⟦26887b7e0⟧ Bits:30009717 Comet 32 harddisk image
└─⟦28c352965⟧ »/a« UNIX Filesystem
└─⟦this⟧ »usr/man/cat1/ps.1«
1
PS(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual PS(1)
NAME
ps - process status
SYNOPSIS
ps [acegklstuvwx#]
DESCRIPTION
_▶08◀P_▶08◀s prints information about processes. Normally, only
your processes , except _▶08◀p_▶08◀s itself, are candidates to be
printed by _▶08◀p_▶08◀s. By specifying 'a', other user's processes
become candidates to be printedd in addition to your
processes. Note that 'a' also causes _▶08◀p_▶08◀s itself to be
printed, since in GENIX 'ps's effective id is 'root'. By
specifying x , processes without control terminals are
also placed in the candidate pool.
All output formats include, for each process, the process
id PID, control terminal of the process TT, cpu time used
by the process TIME (this includes both user and STAT of
the process, and an indication of the COMMAND which is
running. The state is given by a sequence of four
letters, e.g. RWNA . The first letter indicates the runna-
bility of the process: R for runnable processes, T for
stopped processes, P for processes in page wait, D for
those in disk (or other short term) waits, S for those
sleeping for less than about 20 seconds, and I for idle
(sleeping longer than about 20 seconds) processes. The
second letter indicates whether a process is swapped out,
showing W if it is, or a blank if it is loaded (in core);
a process which has specified a soft limit on memory
requirements and which is exceeding that limit shows >;
such a process is (necessarily) not swapped. The third
letter indicates whether a process is running with altered
CPU scheduling priority (nice); if the processes priority
is reduced, a N is shown, if the process priority has been
artificially raised then a '<' is shown; process running
without special treatment have just a blank. The final
letter indicates any special treatment of the process for
virtual memory replacement; the letters correspond to
options to the _▶08◀v_▶08◀a_▶08◀d_▶08◀v_▶08◀i_▶08◀s_▶08◀e (2) call; currently the possibili-
ties are A standing for VA_ANOM, S for VA_SEQL and blank
for VA_NORM ; an A typically represents a _▶08◀l_▶08◀i_▶08◀s_▶08◀p (1) in gar-
bage collection, S is typical of large image processing
programs which are using virtual memory to sequentially
address voluminous data.
Here are the options:
a asks for information about all processes with termi-
nals (ordinarily only one's own processes are
displayed).
c prints the command name, as stored internally in the
system for purposes of accounting, rather than the
command arguments, which are kept in the process'
address space. This is more reliable, if less infor-
mative, since the process is free to destroy the
latter information.
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PS(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual PS(1)
e asks for the environment to be printed as well as the
arguments to the command.
g asks for all processes. Without this option, _▶08◀p_▶08◀s only
prints "interesting" processes. Processes are deemed
to be uninteresting if they are process group
leaders. This normally eliminates top-level command
interpreters and processes waiting for users to login
on free terminals.
k causes the file / _▶08◀v_▶08◀m_▶08◀c_▶08◀o_▶08◀r_▶08◀e is used in place of /
_▶08◀d_▶08◀e_▶08◀v/_▶08◀k_▶08◀m_▶08◀e_▶08◀n and /_▶08◀d_▶08◀e_▶08◀v/_▶08◀m_▶08◀e_▶08◀n . This is used for post-mortem
system debugging.
l asks for a long listing, with fields PPID, CP, PRI,
NI, ADDR, SIZE, RSS and WCHAN as described below.
S adds the size SSIZ of the kernel stack of each pro-
cess (for use by system maintainers) to the basic
output format.
tx restricts output to processes whose controlling tty
is _▶08◀x (which should be specified as printed by _▶08◀p_▶08◀s,
e.g. _▶08◀t_▶08◀3 for tty3, _▶08◀t_▶08◀c_▶08◀o for console, _▶08◀t_▶08◀d_▶08◀0 for ttyd0, _▶08◀t?
for processes with no tty, etc). This option must be
the last one given.
u A user oriented output is produced. This includes
fields USER, %CPU, NICE, SIZE, and RSS as described
below.
v A version of the output containing virtual memory
statistics is output. This includes fields RE, SL,
PAGEIN, SIZE, RSS, LIM, TSIZ, TRS, %CPU and %MEM,
described below.
w Use a wide output format (132 columns rather than
80); if repeated, e.g. ww, use arbitrarily wide out-
put. This information is used to decide how much of
long commands print.
x asks even about processes with no terminal.
# A process number may be given, (indicated here by #),
in which case the output is restricted to that pro-
cess. This option must also be last.
A second argument tells _▶08◀p_▶08◀s where to look for _▶08◀c_▶08◀o_▶08◀r_▶08◀e if the k
option is given, instead of /vmcore. A third argument is
the name of a swap file to use instead of the default
/dev/drum. If a fourth argument is given, it is taken to
be the file containing the system's namelist. Otherwise,
/vmunix is used.
Fields which are not common to all output formats:
USER name of the owner of the process
%CPU cpu utilization of the process; this is a
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PS(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual PS(1)
decaying
average over up to a minute of previous (real)
time. Since the time base over which this is
computed varies (since processes may be very
young) it is possible for the sum of all %CPU
fields to exceed 100%.
NICE (or NI) process scheduling increment (see
_▶08◀n_▶08◀i_▶08◀c_▶08◀e(_▶08◀2))
SIZE vitual size of the process (in 1024 byte unites)
RSS real memory (resident set) size of the process
(in 1024 byte unites)
LIM soft limit on memory used, specified via a call
to _▶08◀v_▶08◀l_▶08◀i_▶08◀m_▶08◀i_▶08◀t(_▶08◀2); if no limit has been specified
then shown as _▶08◀x_▶08◀x
TSIZ size of text (shared program) image
TRS size of resident (real memory) set of text.
%MEM percentage of real memory used by this process.
RE residency time of the process (seconds in core)
SL sleep time of the process (seconds blocked)
PAGEIN number of disk i/o's resulting from references
by the process to pages not to loaded in core.
UID numerical user-id of process owner
PPID numerical id of parent of process
CP short-term cpu utilization factor (used in
scheduling)
PRI process priority (non-positive when in
non-interruptible wait)
ADDR swap address of the process
WCHAN event on which process is waiting (an address in
the system), with the initial part of the
address trimmed off e.g. 80004000 prints as
4000.
F flags associated with process as in
/usr/include/sys/proc.h:
SLOAD 000001 in core
SSYS 000002 scheduling process
SLOCK 000004 process cannot be swapped
SSWAP 000010 process is being swapped out
STRC 000020 process is being traced
SWTED 000040 another tracing flag
SVFORK 000100 fork created by vfork
SNUSIG 000200 using new signal mechanism
SDETACH 000400 detached inherited by init
SWEXIT 001000 working on exiting
SPAGE 002000 process in page wait state
SGRCGVN 004000 CPU grace time has been given
once
SFPU 010000 floating point instructions
enabled
SMMU 020000 mmu debug block enabled
A process that has exited and has a parent, but has not
yet been waited for by the parent is marked <defunct>; a
process which is blocked trying to exit is marked
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PS(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual PS(1)
<exiting>; _▶08◀P_▶08◀s makes an educated guess as to the file name
and arguments given when the process was created by exa-
mining memory or the swap area. The method is inherently
somewhat unreliable and in any event a process is entitled
to destroy this information, so the names cannot be
counted on too much.
FILES
/vmunix system namelist
/dev/kmem kernel memory
/dev/drum swap device
/vmcore core file
/dev searched to find swap device and tty names
SEE ALSO
kill(1), w(1)
BUGS
Things can change while ps is running; the picture it
gives is only a close approximation to reality.
4