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⟦642477970⟧ Wang Wps File
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WangText
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VOLUME IV 1982-03-05
TECHNICAL PROPOSAL
4.3 M̲P̲F̲ ̲H̲A̲R̲D̲W̲A̲R̲E̲ ̲S̲P̲E̲C̲I̲F̲I̲C̲A̲T̲I̲O̲N̲
The MPF hardware will be based on the CR80 familily
of computers.
Several years of rapid computer technology evolution
have led to the developmet of the CR80 computer product
line at Christian Rovsing A/S. The computer family
is a collection of units architecturally structured
in an innovative way into powerful multiprocessor systems.
Through a high degree of parallelism and redundancy,
he configurations introduced herein offer nearly unlimited
operating power and outstanding system reliability.
From the outset, system architects at Christian Rovsing
recognized that micro -electronics was the driving
force behind modern computertechnology. The CR80 product
line is based on the functional modularity made feasible
by low-cost LSI with advanced distributed architecture
and multiprocessing concepts. Though they appear to
be minicomputers, the CR80 systems in the larger confgurations
are competitive with and challenge the power of large
mainframes, but with far superior operational characteristics
and hitherto unrealizable advantages. The CR80 building
block modules allow a system configuration flexibility
previouslyunachievable; this has led to the definition
of the CR80 Computer Family.
System boundaries are arbitrary and somewhat hard to
define since they are actually non-existent. The CR80
product line, as such, probably offers the most versatile
computr configurations in the industry. Nevertheless,
for purposes of categorization the CR80 systems are
based on 4 standard computer modules, the u̲n̲m̲a̲p̲p̲e̲d̲
MINI and TWIN and the M̲a̲p̲p̲e̲d̲ MAXIM and FATOM:.
- CR80 MINI, a multiprocessor system with up to 4
CPU's and 256 K words of memory with an operating
range of 0.6 to 1.3 million instructions/second
- CR80 TWIN, a fully dualizedversion of the MINI
with twin multiprocessors and a dual bused peripheral
subsystem.
- CR80 MAXIM, a multiprocessor system with up to
5 CPU's and 16 megawords of memory with an operating
range of 0.6 to 2.0 million instructions/second
and a Data hannel with a megabyte/second, transfer
rate interfacing up to 15 channel units for control
of up to 960 peripheral modules
- CR80 FATOM, a fault-tolerant system including as
many as 16 multiprocessors interconnected through
a 512 megabit transpot; and multiprocessor has
the same capacity message as a CR80 MAXIM with
256 megawords of memory and an operating range
up to 30 million instructions/second
Unmapped systems are supported by the AMOS software
operating system and mapped `systemsare supported
by the DAMOS software operating system.
These standard configurations encompass a broad range
of physical characteristics to meet the requirements
of the smaller stand-alone user and those of the largest
multi-installation network aplications. The four models
offer:
- a 50:1 range in instruction execution rate, varying
from 0.6 mips to 30 mips.
- a 1000:1 range in memory capacity, from 512 K bytes
to 512 megabytes.
- a 80:1 range in processing power, utilizing one
CPU or up to 16 interconnected multiprocessors
with a maximum of 5 CPU's each.
- a 400:1 range in connectivity, through Peripheal
controllers accommodating a variety of terminations
with as many as 960 peripherals or up to 4096 communication
lines.
Flexible variation in the size and structure of the
CR80 systems is permitted by the unusual degree of
hardware and softwaremodularity. The hardware essentially
consists of fast transfer buses joined to each other
by adapters which allow units on one bus to access
those on another. Dualization at the internal level
and multiple redundancy at the system level provide
aCR80 hardware architecture which is fully exploited
by the DAMOS software operating system and programs
to provide survival after operational failure of individual
components.
Reliability, which is increasingly becoming of concern
in real-time an distributed network applications, is
achieved in the CR80 computer systems by applying unique
architectural concepts. The CR80 hardware/software
architecture treats all multiprocessors as equal elements,
none absolutely dedicated to a specific roe. Fault
tolerance and backup are achieved through an n+1 redundance
scheme without preassignment of system functions to
specific
processors. This is in marked contrast to the more
common, rigid dualized configurations often encountered
in dediated applications with on-line master/slave
arrangements or with off-line back and switchover facilities.
The many functional and operational features inherent
in the CR80 computer system configurations go beyond,
therefore, mere physical size vaiations and expansion
options.
4.3.1 H̲a̲r̲d̲w̲a̲r̲e̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲f̲i̲g̲u̲r̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲
The MPF system will be based on the CR80 FATOM series,
more specifically the CR860/002 configuration. This
computer configuration is a fault tolerat, virtual
memory computer constituted of 2 racks, each containing
a dual bused Processor Unit crate and a dual bused
Channel Unit Crate.
The CR860/002 computer is a standard computer manufactured
and tested according to standard procedures set u by
our Production Division. Further details can be found
in the CR80 Handbook.
The custom-tailored MPF system will be established
from the CR860/002 by adding an extra rack for adaptors
and disc. The MPF configuration is depicted in fig.
4.3.11 and all components are listed in fig. 4.3.1-2.
More details are found in the datasheets in fig. 4.3.1-3.…86…1
…02… …02… …02… …02…
Fig. 4.3.1-1…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02… …02…
Item Number Description
1 3 CR8101-/036/00 Rack
2 2 CR8125M/225PC/00 PU-CRATE
3 2 CR8125M/425AB/00 CU-CRATE
4 4 CR8105M/020-/00 FAN
UNIT
5 3 CR8106-/220-/00 MAINS
FILTER 6 8 CR8050M/010-/00 POWER
SUPPLY
7 3 CR8107-/010-/00 POWER
DIST.PANEL
8 2 CR8020M/000PC/00 MAP
9 2 CR8071M/010-/00 MIA
10 4 CR8030M/040PC/00 CPU
CACHE
11 6 CR8016M/128PC/00 RAM
128K
12 2 CR8081M/010A-/00 CIA-A
13 2 CR8081M/010-B/00 CIA-B
1 2 CR8211M/738-/00 DATA
CHANNEL
TERM.
15 4 CR8211M/015-/00 CABLE
DATA
CHANNEL
16 20 CR8201M/015-/00 CABLE
RACK
POWER
17 12 CR8055M/020-/00 MBT
18 3 CR8044M/040AB DISC
CONTROLLER
19 3 CR8084M/010 DCA
20 1 CR8047M/040AB FLOPPY
DISC
CONTR.
21 1CR8087M/010 SFA
22 11 CR8066M/010AB LTU
23 11 CR8082M/010 LIA-N
24 1 CR890/104 WATCHDOG
25 1 DELTA DATA 7260TC TEMPEST
VDU
26 1 TRACOR 8000 TEMPEST
PRINTER
27 5 DELTA DATA 7301 VDU
28 3 CR8330/200 PRINTER
29 1 CR8300/080 80MB
SMD
DISC
DRIVE 30 2 CR8300/150 150
MB
SMD
DISC
DRIVE
31 2 CR8300/001 ACUSTIC
CABINET
32 1 CR8319/80 80
MB
DISC
PACK
33 2 CR8319/150 150
MB
DISC
PACK
34 3 sets CABLES
FOR
DISC
35 1 CR8308/232 DUAL
FLOPPY
DISC
36 1 CR1081S/020 S-CRATE
37 3 CR81053/010 S-FA…86…1
…02…
…02…
…02…
…02…
…02…
38 1 CR8022S/000 S-POWER
SUPPLY
39 2 OPTO MULTIPLEXOR
40 3 CR1086S/000 BACK
PANEL
ADAPTOR
41 1 CHANNEL L/L ADAPTOR
42 4 CR2560/008 MCU's
BOX
Fig. 4.3.1-2…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
4.3.2 D̲u̲a̲l̲i̲z̲a̲t̲i̲o̲n̲ ̲C̲o̲n̲c̲e̲p̲t̲
Two identical Processor Units are part of the hardware
configuration. One is the active PU, while the other
is the standby, ready to take over from te the active.
Each Processor Unit is equipped with Power Supply,
2 CPUs with CACHE memory, 3 128 kW memory board, and
a MAP module. The MAP module performs address translation
between the logical addresses used by the CPUs and
the physical addreses in the memory boards. The MAP
module is connected to the MIA module, i.e. the memory
interface adapter which connects a Processor Unit with
Channel Units.
The dualization principle in the Channels Units is
different from the principle applie in the Processor
Units as each CU is dualized within itself. All modules
in a CU are attached to both of the two buses, which
are powered from separate power suppliers. The two
150 MB disk drives are attached to two separate disk
controllers andadapters. The software which controls
the disk operation will ensure that the contents of
the two disks are identical, i.e. the disks are mirrored.
In the event that one disk fails, the other disk will
continue operation while the faulty disk is eing repaired.
After restoration of the erroneous disk, software
can copy all the contents of the correct disk to the
newly installed (repaired) disk. This can be done
during normal operation. The offline disk and the
floppy disks are not dualizd.
4.3.3 C̲R̲8̲0̲ ̲P̲r̲o̲c̲e̲s̲s̲o̲r̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲
As has been seen previously, a CR80 Processor System
is implemented in 2 types of crates (card cages), the
Processor Unit (PU) containing all address sourcing
devices (CPU's and DMA's) and the memory. The secon
…86…1 …02… …02… …02… …02…
type of crate is the channel Unit which can contain
additional memory if required. The Channel Units (CU),
furthermore, contain all peripheral processors interfacing
peripherals e.g. disc, tape, terminals, communication
lines etc.). All modules in each type of crate are
attached to buses to allow communication between all
modules.
The P-bus in the PU is reserved for used by the Central
Processing Units (CPU's), while th C-bus, which is
also located in the PU crate, is utilized by Direct
Memory Access (DMA) devices, e.g. the MAP module.
In the Channel Unit (CU), peripherals (disc, terminals,
communication lines etc.) are attached by peripheral
processors that peform distributedly I/O processing
associated with the specific types of attached devices
and communicate directly data and status/control messages
to the main memory.
The parts of main memory accessible by peripheral processors
is compartmentalizd. A peripheral processor can only
access its own compartment, and not that of another
peripheral processor or parts of main memory allocated
for general processing. The combination of a peripheral
processor and compartmentalized memory is define as
a peripheral module. This design ensures integrity
and security of Input/Output and provides each peripheral
module with its own path to mainmemory, thus removing
restrictions and avoiding speed degradation commonly
associately with multiplexe I/O access to memory.
4.3.4 W̲a̲t̲c̲h̲d̲o̲g̲ ̲P̲r̲o̲c̲e̲s̲s̲o̲r̲ ̲S̲y̲s̲t̲e̲m̲
The Watchdog Processor System is a Maintenance and
Configuration Processor (MCP). It is based on a standard
programmable Line Termination Unit (TU) which has been
programmed to monitor and control the overall operation
of the CR80 computer system.
The MCP is interfaced to both PUs and CUs and is also
interfaced to the Watchdog Panel, which is used to
choose the different modes of Watchdo operation.
During normal opration the watchdog will continuously
monitor the well-functioning of all modules in the
PUs and CUs. In the event that a failure occurs, the
watchdog will initiate switchover procedures and recovery
procedures if appopriate.
The watchdog by itself is not dualized. Hence any
failure in the Watchdog will require manual operation.
The watchdog can be set in a manual mode to allow
this. System controller facilities are provided by
a VDU, a printer and floppy isc attached to the Watchdog.
The system operator can use this equipment for system
control.
4.3.5 P̲e̲r̲i̲p̲h̲e̲r̲a̲l̲s̲
The different peripherals used in the MPF configuration
are described in the following sub-sections.
4.3.5.1 V̲i̲s̲u̲a̲l̲ ̲D̲i̲s̲p̲l̲a̲y̲ ̲U̲n̲i̲
