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Length: 12325 (0x3025) Types: TextFile Names: »osi-update.tex«
└─⟦3d0c2be1b⟧ Bits:30001254 ISODE-5.0 Tape └─⟦eba4602b1⟧ »./isode-5.0.tar.Z« └─⟦d3ac74d73⟧ └─⟦this⟧ »isode-5.0/doc/osi-update/osi-update.tex« └─⟦2d1937cfd⟧ Bits:30007241 EUUGD22: P.P 5.0 └─⟦35176feda⟧ »EurOpenD22/isode/isode-6.tar.Z« └─⟦de7628f85⟧ └─⟦this⟧ »isode-6.0/doc/osi-update/osi-update.tex«
% run this through SLiTeX \documentstyle[blackandwhite,landscape,oval,pagenumbers,plain,small]{NRslides} \input trademark \raggedright \begin{document} \title {RECENT DEVELOPMENTS WITH\\ OSI IMPLEMENTATIONS} \author {Marshall T.~Rose\\The Wollongong Group} \date {January 13, 1988} \maketitlepage \f \begin{bwslide} \part* {AGENDA}\bf \begin{description} \item[PART I:] OSI PROTOCOLS WITHIN AN OPENLY AVAILABLE, POSIX CONFORMANT, BERKELEY UNIX ENVIRONMENT \item[PART II:] EXPERIMENTAL OSI-BASED NETWORK \item[PART III:]TRANSPORT-LEVEL BRIDGES \end{description} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \part {OSI PROTOCOLS WITHIN AN\\ OPENLY AVAILABLE\\ POSIX CONFORMANT\\ BERKELEY UNIX ENVIRONMENT} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{note}\em if i've left out any \begin{quote} buzzwords\\ jargon\\ marketing hype\\ \end{quote} please let me know and i'll add them! also, henceforth ``users'' means ``u.s.~govt. users'' \end{note} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {STANDARD DISCLAIMER} \begin{nrtc} \item THE VIEWS PRESENTED HERE ARE NOT NECESSARILY THOSE OF: \begin{quote} TWG, DoD, MITRE, NBS, U.C.~BERKELEY, UCL, UWISC, THE U.S.~GOVT, OR ANY OTHER ACRONYM, AGENCY, OR ORGANIZATION \end{quote} \item I APOLOGIZE ONLY TO THOSE WHOM I HAVE UNINTENTIONALLY OFFENDED \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {FUNDAMENTAL PREMISES:\\ NETWORKING} \begin{nrtc} \item OSI/ISO WILL EVENTUALLY DOMINATE COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS \item THE U.S. GOVERNMENT OSI PROFILE (GOSIP) WILL BE THE INITIAL SET OF GUIDELINES FOR PROCUREMENT OF OSI FOR USERS \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {GOSIP} \begin{nrtc} \item A (SOON-TO-BE) FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING STANDARD \item PROPOSED TO ENABLE USERS TO SPECIFY AND PROCURE \begin{nrtc} \item INTEROPERABLE \item MULTI-VENDOR \item OFF-THE-SHELF \end{nrtc} COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCTS \item THE \dod/: \begin{nrtc} \item IS ADOPTING GOSIP AS A CO-STANDARD WITH TCP/IP \item INTENDS (IN APPROX.~TWO YEARS) TO SPECIFY GOSIP AS THE \underbar{ONLY} STANDARD FOR NON-PROPRIETARY, INTEROPERABLE COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS \end{nrtc} \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {FUNDAMENTAL PREMISES:\\ OPERATING SYSTEMS} \begin{nrtc} \item THE \unix/ FAMILY WILL DOMINATE OPERATING SYSTEMS \item THE EMERGING IEEE \unix/-BASED PORTABLE OPERATING SYSTEM STANDARD (POSIX) WILL BE THE BASELINE FOR THESE SYSTEMS \item ANOTHER FIPS IS UNDER DEVELOPMENT TO BE THE INITIAL SET OF GUIDELINES FOR PROCUREMENT OF OPERATING SYSTEMS FOR USERS \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {POSIX} \begin{nrtc} \item CURRENTLY POSIX SPECIFIES ONLY THE \unix/ KERNEL INTERFACE \begin{nrtc} \item INFLUENCED MOSTLY BY AT\&T \unix/ (SVID) WITH SOME BERKELEY ENHANCEMENTS \end{nrtc} \item WORK IS UNDERWAY ON A SHELL AND TOOLS STANDARD \item A STANDARD INTERFACE FOR NETWORKING IS NOTABLY MISSING \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {A MODEST OBSERVATION} \begin{nrtc} \item TCP/IP BECAME WIDESPREAD AFTER IT WAS INCLUDED IN BERKELEY \unix/ \item QUESTIONS: \begin{nrtc} \item CAN WE PUT A REFERENCE VERSION OF THE OSI PROTOCOLS INTO BERKELEY \unix/? \item CAN WE MAKE BERKELEY \unix/ POSIX COMPLIANT? \item CAN WE EXTEND POSIX TO DEFINE AN INTERFACE TO NETWORK SERVICES? \item CAN WE MAKE THE WORK OPENLY AVAILABLE AND HAVE IT READY FOR 4.4\bsd/~\unix/? \end{nrtc} \item ANSWER: YES \item THIS SHOULD RESULT IN ACCELERATING THE UBIQUITY OF OSI \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {EXPLANATION} \begin{nrtc} \item A LARGE NUMBER OF THE PIECES ARE ALREADY OPENLY AVAILABLE \item SO, THE WORK CONSISTS MAINLY OF: \begin{nrtc} \item FILLING IN THE GAPS \item INTEGRATING THE COMPONENTS \item TESTING THE SYSTEM\\ (INTEROPERABILITY AND CONFORMANCE) \end{nrtc} \item THIS MODEST AMOUNT OF WORK SHOULD RESULT IN ACCELERATING THE UBIQUITY OF OSI \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {APPROACH:\\ OSI PROTOCOLS} \begin{nrtc} \item AN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OSI UPPER-LAYERS (ISODE) IS ALREADY AVAILABLE \item OTHER ORGANIZATIONS HAVE DEVELOPED OR PLAN TO DEVELOP: \begin{nrtc} \item THE LOWER LAYERS \item SOME OSI APPLICATIONS \end{nrtc} \item MOST STANDARDS HAVE PROGRESSED FROM DRAFT (DIS) TO FINAL (IS) STATUS \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \diagram[p]{figure1} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \diagram[p]{figure2} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {THE WORK PLAN} \begin{nrtc} \item UPGRADE ISODE AND OTHER OSI APPLICATIONS TO FINAL (IS) STATUS \item INTEGRATE OTHER OSI APPLICATIONS INTO ISODE \item PERFORM INTEROPERABILITY TESTING ON OSInet \item PERFORM CONFORMANCE TESTING WITH COS \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {APPROACH:\\ POSIX COMPLIANCE} \begin{nrtc} \item MINOR WORK TO MODIFY THE BERKELEY \unix/ KERNEL TO SUPPORT THE POSIX STANDARD \item PERFORM CONFORMANCE TESTING WITH NBS \item ISODE AND OSI APPLICATIONS WILL BE CONVERTED TO USE THE POSIX INTERFACE AS APPLICABLE \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {APPROACH:\\ POSIX NETWORK SERVICE} \begin{nrtc} \item A /usr/group COMMITTEE WAS FORMED OVER A YEAR AGO \item U.C.~BERKELEY (AND FRIENDS) WILL EXAMINE THE OUTPUT OF THIS GROUP AND EITHER: \begin{nrtc} \item ADOPT THIS INTERFACE (IF ACCEPTED BY POSIX), OR \item SUBMIT A NEW DRAFT PROPOSAL TO THE POSIX COMMITEE \end{nrtc} \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {SCHEDULE} \begin{nrtc} \item WOULD YOU BELIEVE 18~CALENDAR-MONTHS? \item ACTUALLY 120~MAN-MONTHS% \footnote{You may have read Brooks' {\em The Mythical Man-Month}.} \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \part {EXPERIMENTAL\\ OSI-BASED NETWORK} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {MOTIVATION} \begin{nrtc} \item GOAL: WANT TO SPEED DEVELOPMENT OF AND EXPERIMENTATION WITH LOWER-LAYER ISO PROTOCOLS, e.g., \begin{nrtc} \item TP4, CLNP, ES-IS \item IS-IS \end{nrtc} \item AND WITH NETWORK MANAGEMENT, e.g., NETWORK LAYER SUPPORT FOR CMIS \item ASIDE: IN ADDITION TO AREAS SUCH AS PERFORMANCE TUNING, etc., ALSO INTERESTED IN PROMOTING INTEROPERABILITY TESTING AMONGST VARIOUS IMPLEMENTATIONS \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {REQUIREMENTS} \begin{nrtc} \item A ``TYPICAL'' DATAGRAM SERVICE \begin{nrtc} \item POSSIBLE PACKET LOSS, CORRUPTION, DUPLICATION, AND RE-ORDERING, etc. \end{nrtc} \item OFFERED OVER A HETEROGENEOUS COLLECTION OF SUBNETS \begin{nrtc} \item MULTIPLE PATHS, VARYING LINK AND MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS, etc. \end{nrtc} \item WHICH IS WELL-USED (OVER-SUBSCRIBED). \begin{nrtc} \item CONGESTION, VARIABLE DELAY, etc. \end{nrtc} \item IN SHORT, WE WANT A RICH LOWER-LAYER INFRASTRUCTURE \begin{nrtc} \item e.g., A NATIONAL CLNP-BASED INTERNET \end{nrtc} \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {OBSERVATION} \begin{nrtc} \item WHERE HAVE WE SEEN ONE OF THOSE? \begin{nrtc} \item $\ldots$ THE DARPA/NSF INTERNET! \end{nrtc} \item THE INTERNET MEETS ALL THE REQUIREMENTS BUT ONE: \begin{nrtc} \item IT IS IP-BASED RATHER THAN CLNP-BASED \end{nrtc} \item SO, WHAT IS NEEDED IS A WAY TO EMULATE A CLNP-BASED NETWORK ON TOP OF THE EXISTING DARPA/NSF INTERNET \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {EON:\\ AN EXPERIMENTAL\\ OSI-BASED NETWORK} \begin{nrtc} \item AN RFC HAS BEEN SUBMITTED BY UWISC AND TWG DESCRIBING: \begin{nrtc}\em \item USE OF THE DARPA/NSF INTERNET AS A SUBNETWORK FOR EXPERIMENTATION WITH THE OSI NETWORK LAYER \end{nrtc} \item PARTICIPATING IP-NODES FORM A LOGICAL ISO NETWORK \begin{nrtc} \item A NODE PARTICIPATES AS AN IS, ES, OR BOTH \item SEVERAL LOGICAL ISO SUBNETS CAN EXIST ON THE DARPA/NSF INTERNET \end{nrtc} \item IT IS NON-DESTRUCTIVE IN THE SENSE THAT IT DOES NOT AFFECT THE EXISTING IP-BASED CONNECTIVITY (CORE GATEWAYS, etc.) \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {EON DEFINES PROCEDURES FOR} \begin{nrtc} \item ENCAPSULATION OF NPDUs \item FORMATION AND MAPPING OF SNPA-ADDRESSES \item USE OF SUBNET MULTICASTING IN CLNL \item DISSEMINATION OF TOPOLOGICAL INFORMATION \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {SCHEDULE} \begin{nrtc} \item EON IS NEW, THE RFC, ALTHOUGH SUBMITTED, HASN'T BEEN RELEASED YET \item BUT, BY APRIL, UWISC AND TWG EXPECT TO BE PARTICIPATING IN INTERNET EXPERIMENTS \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \part {TRANSPORT-LEVEL BRIDGES} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {MOTIVATION} \begin{nrtc} \item THERE ARE MANY TCP/IP NETWORKS TODAY, THERE WILL BE MORE TOMMORROW \item BY THE TIME OSI/OSI BECOMES A WORTHWHILE OPERATION ALTERNATIVE, THERE WILL BE MANY MORE TCP/IP NETWORKS THAN THERE ARE TODAY! \item PREDICTION: AT THAT TIME, TCP/IP NETWORKS WILL OFFER A MIX OF SERVICES: \begin{nrtc} \item SUCH AS FTAM AND X.400, IN ADDITION TO FTP AND SMTP \end{nrtc} \item FURTHER PREDICATION: THIS MIX WILL PROLIFERATE TO PERMEATE BOTH TCP/IP AND OSI/ISO NETWORKS \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {OBSERVATION} \begin{nrtc} \item GIVEN THE ASSUMPTION ABOVE, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT: \begin{nrtc} \item THE TWO COMMUNITIES ARE USING THE SAME APPLICATIONS, AND \item ONLY THE UNDERLYING NETWORK AND TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS WILL DIFFER BETWEEN THE TWO \end{nrtc} \item THIS LEADS US TO POSTULATE AN INTERESTING COEXISTENCE STRATEGY: \begin{nrtc} \item LET'S RUN ISO APPLICATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO COMMUNITIES \end{nrtc} \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {TRANSPORT-LEVEL BRIDGES} \begin{nrtc} \item IDEA: OFFER THE SAME TRANSPORT SERVICE INTERFACE IN BOTH COMMUNITIES (THE ISO TRANSPORT SERVICE) \begin{nrtc} \item USE RFC1006 TO OFFER THE ISO TRANSPORT SERVICE ON TOP OF THE TCP \end{nrtc} \item INTRODUCE A TRANSPORT ENTITY CALLED THE ``TS-BRIDGE'' \item THE TS-BRIDGE ``COPIES'' SERVICE PRIMITIVES FROM ONE COMMUNITY TO THE OTHER, e.g., \begin{nrtc} \item UPON RECEIVING A T-CONNECT.INDICATION PRIMITIVE FROM ONE NETWORK, \item IT ISSUES A T-CONNECT.REQUEST PRIMITIVE TO THE OTHER NETWORK \end{nrtc} \item THE TS-BRIDGE MAINTAINS STATE AS TO THE EXISTING CONNECTIONS (AND AS SUCH IS A SINGLE POINT OF FAILURE) \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{note}\em perhaps these should be called ``gateways'' instead of ``ts-bridges'' well, they are *so* simple that ``gateway'' really seems to be an overloaded term in this circumstance$\ldots$ in fact, simplicity is one reason why this approach was chosen over a network-level solution \end{note} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {TRANSPARENT USE OF TS-BRIDGES} \begin{nrtc} \item BY JUDICIOUS USE OF DIRECTORY SERVICES, SELECTION OF THE TS-BRIDGE CAN BE MADE TRANSPARENT ON BOTH ENDPOINTS \item CONSIDER A ``TYPICAL'' PRESENTATION ADDRESS: \[\begin{tabular}{ll} network address:& CLNP 4700050017000008002000405301\\ transport selector:& 1\\ session selector:& ``FTAM''\\ presentation selector:& null \end{tabular}\] \item A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT ENTRY IS RETURNED FOR HOSTS IN THE OPPOSITE COMMUNITY: \[\begin{tabular}{ll} network address:& ts-bridge's network address\\ transport selector:& \begin{tabular}[t]{ll} network address:& CLNP 47 $\ldots$\\ transport selector:& 1 \end{tabular}\\ session selector:& ``FTAM''\\ presentation selector:& null \end{tabular}\] \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \f \begin{bwslide} \ctitle {ANOTHER PROBLEM SOLVED:\\ ISO CONS versus CLNS} \begin{nrtc} \item IN GENERAL, THE TS-BRIDGE SHOWS HOW TO PERFORM ``IMPEDANCE MATCHING'' BETWEEN TWO PROTOCOLS WHICH OFFER THE SAME SERVICE INTERFACE, e.g., OUR USE IS: \begin{nrtc} \item PROTOCOLS: TP4/CLNP AND TP0/TCP \item SERVICE: ISO TRANSPORT SERVICE \end{nrtc} \item THIS IS SUSPICIOUSLY SIMILAR TO THE ISO CONS vs. CLNS PROBLEM: \begin{nrtc} \item PROTOCOLS: TP4/CLNP AND TP0/X.25 \item SERVICE: ISO TRANSPORT SERVICE \end{nrtc} \item THE TS-BRIDGE WILL ALSO WORK IN THIS ENVIRONMENT WITHOUT MEANINGFUL LOSS OF GENERALITY: \begin{nrtc} \item EXPEDITED DATA IS NEGOTIATED AWAY, AND \item USER DATA ON CONNECTION PRIMITIVE IS DISREGARDED \end{nrtc} \end{nrtc} \end{bwslide} \end{document}