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DataMuseum.dkPresents historical artifacts from the history of: DKUUG/EUUG Conference tapes |
This is an automatic "excavation" of a thematic subset of
See our Wiki for more about DKUUG/EUUG Conference tapes Excavated with: AutoArchaeologist - Free & Open Source Software. |
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Length: 202735 (0x317ef) Types: TextFile Notes: Uncompressed file
└─⟦4f9d7c866⟧ Bits:30007245 EUUGD6: Sikkerheds distributionen └─⟦67d000221⟧ »./papers/Misc/TR993.PS.Z« └─⟦this⟧
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@dc [<0001FF0000000FFFE000003F80F800007E001C0000FC000E0001F800060003F800030003F000030007F000018007F0000180 07F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F0000180 07F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F000018007F0000180 07F000018007F0000180FFFF803FFCFFFF803FFC> 40 34 -2 0 43.067] 85 @dc [<0003FE0000001FFFC00000FF00F00001F800380003F0000C0007C00006000F800003001F800003003F000003803F00000180 7F000001807E000001807E00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000 FE000000007E000001807E000001807F000001803F000003803F000003801F800007800F8000078007C0000F8003E0001F80 01F8003F8000FF01E380001FFF81800003FE0080> 40 34 -3 0 40.472] 67 @dc [<FFF000FFF0001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F83C01E87 E01E87E01EC7E01E67E0FE3FC0FE1F00> 24 22 -2 0 22.888] 114 @dc [<FFE0FFE01F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00FF00FF00000000000000 00000000000000001C003F007F007F007F003F001C00> 16 36 -2 0 15.566] 105 @dc [<00F80003FE0007C3000F83000F81800F81800F81800F81800F81800F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80 000F80000F80000F8000FFFF00FFFF003F80000F8000078000078000038000038000018000018000018000018000> 24 32 -1 0 21.793] 116 @dc [<1F0000007F80000069C00000FC600000FC300000FC3800007818000000180000000C0000000C0000000E0000000E0000001F 0000001F0000003F8000003F8000007FC000007CC000007CC00000F8600000F8600001F0300001F0300003E0180003E01800 07E01C0007C00C000FC00E000F8006000F800600FFE01FE0FFE01FE0> 32 32 -1 10 29.576] 121 @dc [<FFE1FFC0FFE1FFC01F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F00 3E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F803E001F803E001F403C001F307C001F1FF8001F07E0001F0000001F0000001F000000 1F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F000000FF000000FF000000> 32 35 -2 0 31.133] 104 @dc [<FFE0FFC0FFE0FFC01F003C001F007C001F00F8001F01F0001F01E0001F03E0001F07C0001F0F80001FCF00001FFF00001F7E 00001F1C00001F0E00001F0700001F0380001F01C0001F0060001F0038001F00FF801F00FF801F0000001F0000001F000000 1F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F000000FF000000FF000000> 32 35 -2 0 29.576] 107 @dc (cmti10.329) @sf [<07E000000C18000038040000300200007001000070008000F0004000F0004000F0002000F0002000F0002000780010007800 100078001000780010003C0008003C0008003C0008003C0008001E0004001E0004001E0004001E0004000F0002000F000200 0F0002000F00020007800100078001000780010007C003C07FFC1FF8> 32 32 -9 1 33.787] 85 @dc [<FFF800000F8000000780000007800000078000000780000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000001E0200001E0200001E0 200001E0200000F0300000FFF00000F0300000F0100000780800007808000078080000780010003C0008003C0008003C0008 003C0008001E0008001E0008001E0018001E003801FFFFFC> 32 31 -3 0 29.671] 70 @dc (cmbx12.300) @sf [<00FF0003FFC00783E00F00F01E00F83E007C3C007C7C007E7C007E7C007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFE007CFE007CFF00 F8FD80F0FCFFE0FC7FC0FC08007C00007C00007E00F03E01F83E01F81F01F80F01F807C0F003F07000FFE0001F80> 24 32 -2 0 28.019] 54 @dc [<7FF0FFE07FF0FFE00F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F80 1F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F00FFFFFF00FFFFFF000F8000000F8000000F800000 0F8000000F800C000F801E000F803F000F803F0007C03F0003E01F0001F80E00007FFC00000FF000> 32 35 -1 0 31.133] 12 @dc [ 329 ] /cmss10.329 @newfont (cmss10.329) @sf [<F00F80F01F00F01E00F03E00F07C00F07C00F0F800F8F000F9F000FFE000FFC000FFC000F78000F3C000F1E000F0F000F078 00F03C00F01E00F01F00F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000> 24 32 -3 0 22.222] 107 @dc [<3F0F7FEFFFFFF03FF01FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00F> 16 20 -3 0 23.484] 117 @dc [<1F8F3FEF7FFFF83FF00FF00FF00FF80F7E0F1FFF07FF003F000F000F000F401F701E7FFC3FF807E0> 16 20 -2 0 21.843] 97 @dc [<F00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF80FF80FFC1FF7FEF3FCF1F8> 16 20 -3 0 23.484] 110 @dc [<03FC000FFF003FFFC07E07E0F801F0F000F0F000F0F000F07803F03FFFE01FFFC03FFF803FFE0038000030000033E0003FF8 001FFC003E3E003C1E00780F00780F00780F00780F00780F003C1E003E3E001FFFF00FFFF003E0F0> 24 30 -1 10 22.727] 103 @dc (cmbx12.300) @sf [<01E00003F00003F00003F00003F00003F00003F00003F00001F00001F00001F00000F00000F00000F0000078000078000038 00001800001C00000C00000600C00300C00300C00180E000C0E000607FFFF07FFFF87FFFF87FFFFC7FFFFE7FFFFE78000060 0000> 24 34 -3 0 28.019] 55 @dc [<0007FC0000003FFF800000FC07E00003F001F80007E000FC000FC0007E001F80003F003F80003F803F00001F807F00001FC0 7F00001FC07E00000FC0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0 FE00000FE07E00000FC07E00000FC07F00001FC03F00001F803F00001F801F80003F001F80003F000FC0007E0007E000FC00 03F001F80000FC07E000003FFF80000007FC0000> 40 34 -3 0 42.086] 79 @dc [<FFFCFFFCFFFCFFFC> 16 4 -1 -9 18.680] 45 @dc [<FFE00000FFE000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0FC0001F3FF8001FE0 FC001FC03E001F803F001F001F801F001F801F000FC01F000FC01F000FC01F000FC01F000FC01F000FC01F000FC01F000FC0 1F001F801F001F801F001F001F803E001FF07C00FF3FF800FF0FE000> 32 32 -2 10 31.133] 112 @dc [<180FC0001C3FF8001EE07C001FC03E001F801F001F001F801F000F801F000FC01F000FC01F000FC01F000FC01F000FC01F00 0FC01F000FC01F000FC01F000F801F000F801F001F001F801E001FF07C001F3FF8001F0FE0001F0000001F0000001F000000 1F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F000000FF000000FF000000> 32 35 -2 0 31.133] 98 @dc [<FFE0FFE0FFE0FFE0FFE0FFE01F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00 1F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F801F80 1F001F801F801F001F403E403E001F303E303E00FF1FFC1FFC00FF07F007F000> 48 22 -2 0 46.699] 109 @dc 11 @bop1 (cmr10.329) @sf 224 307 p (mo) s 1 r (di\014cation) s 20 r (times.) s 35 r (Again,) s 21 r (this) s 20 r (presen) s -1 r (ts) s 19 r (problems) s 20 r (with) s 20 r (the) s 20 r (protection) s 20 r (of) s 224 364 p (the) s 15 r (reference) s 15 r (standard,) s 16 r (and) s 15 r (with) s 15 r 112 c 1 r (ossible) s 15 r (complacency) s -2 r 46 c (cmbx12.300) @sf 224 485 p (5.4) s 56 r (NFS) s 19 r (and) s 19 r 89 c -4 r (ello) s -2 r 119 c 18 r 80 c -1 r (ages) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 571 p (Man) s 121 c 14 r (new) s 15 r (vulnerabilities) s 15 r (exist) s 16 r (in) s 15 r (net) s 119 c -2 r (ork) s -1 r (ed) s 14 r (en) s (vironmen) s -1 r (ts) s 14 r 98 c 1 r (ecause) s 15 r (of) s 16 r (these) s 224 628 p (services.) s 36 r (Their) s 21 r (recen) s 116 c 19 r (dev) s (elopmen) s -1 r 116 c 19 r (and) s 21 r (deplo) s -1 r (ymen) s -1 r 116 c 20 r (mean) s 20 r (that) s 21 r (there) s 20 r (are) s 224 684 p (lik) s (ely) s 17 r (to) s 17 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 18 r (more) s 18 r (vulnerabilities) s 17 r (and) s 18 r (bugs) s 18 r (presen) s -1 r 116 c 17 r (than) s 18 r 119 c -1 r (ould) s 17 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 18 r (found) s 18 r (in) s 224 741 p (more) s 11 r (mature) s 12 r (co) s 1 r (de.) s 19 r (As) s 11 r 119 c (eaknesses) s 10 r (are) s 11 r (rep) s 1 r (orted,) s 12 r (corresp) s 1 r (onding) s 12 r 99 c -1 r (hec) s -1 r (ks) s 10 r (should) s 224 797 p 98 c 1 r 101 c 16 r (added) s 15 r (to) s 15 r (the) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 15 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 15 r (co) s 1 r (de.) s (cmbx12.300) @sf 224 919 p (5.5) s 56 r (Include) s 19 r (UUCP) s 19 r (securit) s -1 r 121 c 18 r 99 c -1 r (hec) s -1 r (ks) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 1004 p (Because) s 16 r (UUCP) s 16 r (is) s 15 r 118 c (ery) s 15 r (widely) s 15 r (used,) s 16 r (it) s 16 r (is) s 15 r (imp) s 2 r (ortan) s -1 r 116 c 15 r (to) s 16 r (increase) s 16 r (the) s 15 r 110 c (um) s -1 r 98 c (er) s 224 1061 p (and) s 18 r (sophistication) s 18 r (of) s 18 r (the) s 18 r 99 c (hec) s -2 r (ks) s 17 r 112 c 2 r (erformed) s 18 r (on) s 18 r (all) s 17 r (the) s 18 r (di\013eren) s 116 c 17 r 118 c -1 r (arieties) s 17 r (of) s 224 1117 p (UUCP) s -3 r 46 c 20 r (This) s 20 r (includes) s 20 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r (king) s 19 r (the) s 20 r (\014les) s 21 r (that) s 20 r (limit) s 20 r (what) s 21 r (programs) s 20 r (can) s 20 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 224 1174 p (remotely) s 18 r (executed,) s 17 r (the) s (cmti10.329) @sf 18 r (USERFILE) s (cmr10.329) @sf 17 r (and) s (cmti10.329) @sf 18 r (L.sys) s (cmr10.329) @sf 17 r (\014les,) s 18 r (and) s 17 r (the) s 17 r (protections) s 18 r (on) s 224 1230 p (directories.) s (cmbx12.300) @sf 224 1352 p (5.6) s 56 r (Con\014guration) s 19 r (\014les) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 1438 p (There) s 24 r (are) s 23 r (man) s 121 c 23 r (problems) s 23 r (that) s 24 r (result) s 23 r (from) s 24 r (improp) s 1 r (er) s 24 r (con\014guration) s 23 r (\014les.) s 224 1494 p (These) s 12 r 111 c 1 r (ccur) s 12 r (not) s 12 r (only) s 12 r (from) s 11 r (ha) s (ving) s 11 r (the) s 12 r (\014les) s 12 r (op) s 1 r (en) s 12 r (to) s 12 r (mo) s 1 r (di\014cation,) s 12 r (but) s 12 r 98 c 1 r (ecause) s 224 1551 p (of) s 16 r (unexp) s 1 r (ected) s 16 r (or) s 16 r (misundersto) s 1 r 111 c 2 r 100 c 16 r (in) s -1 r (teractions) s 15 r (of) s 16 r (options.) s 23 r (Ha) s (ving) s 14 r (rule-based) s 224 1607 p (programs,) s 14 r (similar) s 13 r (to) s (cmss10.329) @sf 13 r (kuang) s (cmr10.329) @sf 44 c 13 r (whic) s 104 c 12 r (analyze) s 13 r (these) s 13 r (con\014guration) s 13 r (\014les) s 13 r 119 c (ould) s 12 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 224 1664 p (an) s 15 r (ideal) s 15 r 119 c 97 c -1 r 121 c 14 r (to) s 15 r (extend) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 15 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 46 c (cmbx12.300) @sf 224 1785 p (5.7) s 56 r (Chec) s (king) s 17 r (OS-sp) s 2 r (eci\014c) s 19 r (problems) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 1871 p (There) s 18 r (are) s 18 r 97 c 18 r (wide) s 18 r 118 c -2 r (ariet) s -1 r 121 c 17 r (of) s 18 r (problems) s 18 r (that) s 18 r (apply) s 18 r (only) s 18 r (to) s 18 r (certain) s 17 r (\015a) s 118 c -1 r (ors) s 17 r (of) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 224 1928 p (Unix) s (cmr10.329) @sf 46 c 20 r (This) s 13 r (includes) s 13 r (not) s 13 r (only) s 13 r (the) s 13 r (placemen) s 116 c 12 r (of) s 13 r 107 c (ey) s 12 r (\014les,) s 14 r (but) s 13 r (also) s 13 r (syn) s (tactical) s 224 1984 p (and) s 16 r (logical) s 15 r (di\013erences) s 15 r (in) s 16 r (the) s 15 r 119 c 97 c -1 r 121 c 14 r (those) s 16 r (systems) s 15 r (op) s 1 r (erate.) s 21 r (Examples) s 16 r (include) s 224 2041 p (suc) s 104 c 17 r (things) s 18 r (as) s 18 r (shado) s -1 r 119 c 17 r (passw) s (ord) s 17 r (\014les,) s 18 r (di\013eren) s 116 c 17 r (system) s 18 r (logging) s 18 r (pro) s 1 r (cedures,) s 224 2097 p (shared) s 21 r (memory) s -3 r 44 c 21 r (and) s 20 r (net) s 119 c -1 r (ork) s 19 r (connectivit) s 121 c -4 r 46 c 35 r (Ideally) s -3 r 44 c 21 r (the) s 20 r (same) s 21 r (set) s 20 r (of) s 21 r (to) s 1 r (ols) s 224 2153 p 119 c (ould) s 20 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 22 r (used) s 21 r (on) s 21 r (ev) s (ery) s 20 r (system,) s 23 r (and) s 21 r 97 c 22 r (con\014guration) s 21 r (\014le) s 21 r (or) s 21 r (script) s 22 r 119 c -1 r (ould) s 224 2210 p (resolv) s 101 c 14 r (an) s 121 c 14 r (di\013erences.) s 949 2577 p (11) s @eop 10 @bop0 (cmr10.329) @sf [<70F8F8F8700000000000202020202070707070707070707070F8F8F8F8F8F8F870> 8 33 -4 0 12.626] 33 @dc (cmbx12.300) @sf [<7FFFE07FFFE001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F8 0001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F800FFF800FFF80001F800007800001800> 24 32 -4 0 28.019] 49 @dc [<FFFFFF8000FFFFFFF00007F003FC0007F0007E0007F0003F0007F0001F8007F0000FC007F00007E007F00007E007F00003F0 07F00003F007F00003F007F00003F807F00003F807F00003F807F00003F807F00003F807F00003F807F00003F807F00003F8 07F00003F807F00003F007F00003F007F00003F007F00007F007F00007E007F00007E007F0000FC007F0001F8007F0003F00 07F0007E0007F003FC00FFFFFFF000FFFFFF8000> 40 34 -2 0 42.951] 68 @dc [<FFFFF0FFFFF07FFFF03FFFF01FFFF00FFFF00E003807001803801801C01800E018007000003800003E00001F00000F800007 C00007E00003F00003F00003F83803F87C01F8FE01F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F07C07F07007E03C1FC00FFF0003FC00> 24 32 -3 0 28.019] 50 @dc [<01FE000FFFC01E07F07801F87E01FCFF00FCFF00FEFF00FEFF00FE7E00FE3C00FE0000FC0000FC0001F80001F00007C001FF 0001FE00001F800007C00003E00003F01F03F01F03F83F81F83F81F83F81F83F03F01E03F00F07E007FFC000FE00> 24 32 -2 0 28.019] 51 @dc 10 @bop1 (cmr10.329) @sf 224 307 p (expansion) s 15 r (and) s 15 r (ev) s (olution) s 14 r (of) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 15 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 16 r (will) s 15 r (con) s (tin) s -2 r (ue) s 14 r (to) s 16 r (pro) s -1 r (vide) s 14 r 97 c 16 r 119 c -1 r (ork) s -2 r (able) s 14 r (to) s 1 r (ol.) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 295 364 p (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 13 r 119 c -1 r (as) s 12 r (written) s 13 r (to) s 13 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 13 r (rewritten.) s 19 r (Ev) s (ery) s 12 r (part) s 13 r (of) s 13 r (the) s 13 r (pac) s -1 r 107 c -2 r (age) s 12 r (is) s 13 r (designed) s 224 420 p (to) s 13 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 13 r (replaced) s 13 r (easily;) s 14 r (ev) s (ery) s 12 r (program) s 12 r (has) s 13 r (ro) s 2 r (om) s 13 r (for) s 12 r (impro) s 118 c -1 r (emen) s -1 r (t.) s 18 r (The) s 13 r (frame-) s 224 477 p 119 c (ork) s 17 r (has) s 17 r (ro) s 1 r (om) s 18 r (for) s 18 r (man) s 121 c 16 r (more) s 18 r 99 c (hec) s -2 r (ks.) s 27 r (It) s 18 r (seems) s 17 r (remark) s -1 r (able) s 16 r (that) s 18 r 97 c 18 r (system) s 224 533 p (as) s 16 r (simple) s 16 r (as) s 16 r (this) s 15 r (\014nds) s 16 r (so) s 16 r (man) s 121 c 15 r (\015a) s -1 r (ws) s 15 r (in) s 16 r 97 c 16 r 116 c (ypical) s 15 r (installation!) s 22 r (Nonetheless,) s 224 589 p 119 c 101 c 18 r (ha) s 118 c -1 r 101 c 18 r (though) s 116 c 18 r (of) s 20 r 97 c 19 r 110 c (um) s -1 r 98 c (er) s 19 r (of) s 20 r 112 c 1 r (ossible) s 19 r (extensions) s 20 r (and) s 19 r (additions) s 20 r (to) s 19 r (the) s 224 646 p (system;) s 15 r (these) s 15 r (are) s 16 r (describ) s 1 r (ed) s 15 r (in) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (follo) s (wing) s 14 r (sections.) s (cmbx12.300) @sf 224 768 p (5.1) s 56 r (Detecting) s 19 r (kno) s -1 r (wn) s 18 r (bugs) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 853 p (This) s 14 r (is) s 14 r 97 c 13 r 118 c (ery) s 13 r (di\016cult) s 13 r (area) s 14 r (to) s 14 r (consider,) s 14 r 98 c 1 r (ecause) s 14 r (there) s 13 r (are) s 14 r (an) s 14 r (alarming) s 13 r 110 c (um-) s 224 910 p 98 c 1 r (er) s 21 r (of) s 21 r (sites) s 20 r (\(esp) s 1 r (ecially) s 21 r (commercial) s 20 r (ones\)) s 21 r (without) s 21 r (the) s 20 r (source) s 21 r (co) s 1 r (de) s 20 r (that) s 21 r (is) s 224 966 p (necessary) s 17 r (to) s 17 r (\014x) s 17 r (bugs.) s 25 r (Pro) s -1 r (viding) s 16 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r (ks) s 16 r (for) s 16 r (kno) s (wn) s 16 r (bugs) s 17 r (migh) s -1 r 116 c 16 r (mak) s 101 c (cmcsc10.329) @sf 16 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 1023 p (more) s 15 r (dangerous,) s 14 r (th) s (us) s 14 r (violating) s 14 r (our) s 15 r (explicit) s 14 r (design) s 15 r (goals.) s 20 r 65 c 116 c 13 r (the) s 15 r (same) s 14 r (time,) s 224 1079 p 99 c (hec) s -1 r (king) s 12 r (for) s 13 r (kno) s -1 r (wn) s 12 r (bugs) s 13 r (could) s 13 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 13 r 118 c (ery) s 12 r (useful) s 13 r (to) s 13 r (administrators) s 13 r (at) s 13 r (sites) s 13 r (with) s 224 1136 p (access) s 15 r (to) s 15 r (source) s 16 r (co) s 1 r (de.) s 295 1192 p (If) s 10 r 119 c 101 c 9 r 107 c (eep) s 10 r (in) s 10 r (mind) s 11 r (that) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 10 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 10 r (is) s 11 r (in) s (tended) s 9 r (as) s 11 r 97 c 10 r (system) s 11 r (for) s 10 r (regular) s 10 r (use) s 11 r 98 c 121 c 9 r (an) s 224 1249 p (administrator,) s 13 r 119 c 101 c 11 r (conclude) s 12 r (that) s 12 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r (king) s 11 r (for) s 12 r (kno) s (wn) s 11 r (bugs) s 13 r (is) s 12 r (not) s 12 r (appropriate,) s 224 1305 p 98 c 1 r (ecause) s 20 r (suc) s 104 c 19 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r (ks) s 18 r (are) s 20 r (ordinarily) s 20 r (done) s 20 r (once) s 20 r (and) s 20 r (not) s 20 r (rep) s 1 r (eated.) s 35 r (Th) s (us,) s 20 r 97 c 224 1362 p (separate) s 13 r (system) s 13 r (for) s 14 r 99 c -1 r (hec) s -1 r (king) s 12 r (kno) s (wn) s 12 r (bugs) s 13 r 119 c (ould) s 12 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 13 r (appropriate|a) s 13 r 97 c 14 r (system) s 224 1418 p (that) s 18 r (migh) s 116 c 17 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 18 r (distributed) s 18 r (in) s 18 r 97 c 19 r (more) s 18 r (con) s -1 r (trolled) s 18 r (manner.) s 29 r 87 c -3 r 101 c 18 r (are) s 18 r (curren) s (tly) s 224 1474 p (considering) s 15 r (di\013eren) s 116 c 14 r (metho) s 1 r (ds) s 16 r (of) s 15 r (distributing) s 15 r (suc) s 104 c 14 r 97 c 15 r (system.) s (cmbx12.300) @sf 224 1596 p (5.2) s 56 r (Chec) s (ksums) s 17 r (and) s 19 r (Signatures) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 1682 p (Chec) s (ksums) s 18 r (and) s 19 r (cryptographically-generated) s 19 r (signatures) s 20 r (could) s 19 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 19 r (an) s 19 r (excel-) s 224 1738 p (len) s 116 c 17 r (metho) s 1 r 100 c 19 r (of) s 18 r (ensuring) s 18 r (that) s 19 r (imp) s 1 r (ortan) s 116 c 17 r (\014les) s 18 r (and) s 19 r (programs) s 18 r (ha) s 118 c -2 r 101 c 18 r (not) s 18 r 98 c 1 r (een) s 224 1795 p (compromised.) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 22 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 16 r (could) s 15 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 15 r (enhanced) s 16 r (to) s 16 r (regenerate) s 15 r (these) s 16 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r (ksums) s 14 r (and) s 224 1851 p (compare) s 22 r (them) s 22 r (against) s 23 r (existing) s 22 r (references.) s 41 r 84 c -3 r 111 c 21 r (build) s 23 r (this) s 22 r (in) s (to) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 21 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 22 r (will) s 224 1908 p (require) s 20 r (some) s 20 r (metho) s 2 r 100 c 20 r (of) s 20 r (protecting) s 20 r 98 c 1 r (oth) s 21 r (the) s 20 r 99 c (hec) s -2 r (ksum) s 19 r (generator) s 21 r (and) s 20 r (the) s 224 1964 p (stored) s 15 r 99 c (hec) s -2 r (ksums,) s 14 r (ho) s 119 c -1 r (ev) s -1 r (er.) s 19 r (It) s 14 r (also) s 15 r 112 c 1 r (oses) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (problem) s 15 r (that) s 15 r (system) s 14 r (adminis-) s 224 2021 p (trators) s 13 r (migh) s 116 c 12 r (rely) s 14 r (on) s 13 r (this) s 13 r (mec) s (hanism) s 12 r (to) s 2 r 111 c 13 r 109 c (uc) s -2 r 104 c 13 r (and) s 13 r (fail) s 13 r (to) s 13 r (do) s 14 r (other) s 13 r (forms) s 13 r (of) s 224 2077 p 99 c (hec) s -1 r (king,) s 11 r (esp) s 2 r (ecially) s 12 r (in) s 12 r (situations) s 12 r (where) s 13 r (new) s 12 r (soft) s 119 c -2 r (are) s 12 r (is) s 12 r (added) s 12 r (to) s 12 r (the) s 12 r (system.) s (cmbx12.300) @sf 224 2199 p (5.3) s 56 r (Detecting) s 19 r 99 c -1 r (hanges) s 18 r (in) s 19 r (imp) s 1 r (ortan) s 116 c 17 r (\014les) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 2285 p (There) s 15 r (are) s 15 r (some) s 14 r (\014les) s 15 r (that) s 15 r (should) s 14 r 99 c (hange) s 14 r (infrequen) s -1 r (tly) s 14 r (or) s 15 r (not) s 14 r (at) s 15 r (all.) s 20 r (The) s 15 r (\014les) s 224 2341 p (in) s 118 c -1 r (olv) s -2 r (ed) s 21 r 118 c -2 r (ary) s 20 r (from) s 21 r (site) s 22 r (to) s 21 r (site.) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 38 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 21 r (could) s 22 r (easily) s 21 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 21 r (mo) s 1 r (di\014ed) s 22 r (to) s 21 r 99 c (hec) s -2 r 107 c 224 2398 p (these) s 21 r (\014les) s 20 r (and) s 21 r (notify) s 20 r (the) s 21 r (system) s 20 r (administrator) s 21 r (of) s 20 r 99 c (hanges) s 20 r (in) s 20 r (con) s (ten) s -1 r (ts) s 19 r (or) s 949 2577 p (10) s @eop 9 @bop0 [ 300 ] /cmr8.300 @newfont (cmr8.300) @sf [<FFF07FF03FF0101808080C0806000300018000C000600070007000384038E038C0388030407030E00F80> 16 21 -2 0 17.642] 50 @dc (cmbx10.432) @sf [<00FF800003FFF0000FFFF8001F01FE003C007F0078003F8078003F80FC001FC0FE001FC0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE07C00 1FE018001FE000001FE000001FE000001FC000001FC000001F800C003F000E003E000F80FC000FFFF8000E7FC0000E000000 0E0000000E0000000E0000000E0000000E0000000FFE00000FFFC0000FFFE0000FFFF0000FFFF8000FFFFC000FFFFE000F80 3F000C000300> 32 39 -3 0 34.370] 53 @dc [<FFFFFC0000FFFFFC0000FFFFFC000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC000000 03FC00000003FC00000003FC03800003FC03800003FC03800003FC03800003FC07800003FC07800003FC1F800003FFFF8000 03FFFF800003FFFF800003FC1F800003FC07800003FC07800003FC03800003FC03807003FC03807003FC03807003FC0000F0 03FC0000E003FC0000E003FC0000E003FC0001E003FC0001E003FC0003E003FC000FE003FC003FC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0 FFFFFFFFC0> 40 41 -3 0 43.253] 70 @dc [<00000E00000700000000001F00000F80000000001F00000F80000000001F80001F80000000003F80001FC0000000003F8000 1FC0000000003FC0003FC0000000007FC0003FE0000000007FC0003FE000000000FFE0007FF000000000FFE0007FF0000000 00FFF000FFF000000001FE7000FF3800000001FE7000FF3800000001FE7801FF3800000003FC3801FE1C00000003FC3801FE 1C00000007FC1C03FC1E00000007F81C03FC0E00000007F81E07FC0E0000000FF00E07F8070000000FF00E07F8070000001F F00F0FF0078000001FE0070FF0038000001FE0070FF0038000003FE0039FE003C000003FC0039FE001C000003FC003FFE001 C000007F8001FFC000E000007F8001FFC000E00000FF8000FF8000F00000FF0000FF8000700000FF0000FF8000700001FF00 00FF0000780001FE0000FF0000380001FE0001FF0000380003FC0001FE00001C0003FC0001FE00001C00FFFFE07FFFF007FF F0FFFFE07FFFF007FFF0FFFFE07FFFF007FFF0> 72 41 -1 0 71.065] 87 @dc [ 300 ] /cmr6.300 @newfont (cmr6.300) @sf [<FFC07FC0202010200C0006000300018000C000600060C060806040C061801F00> 16 16 -1 0 15.220] 50 @dc [ 300 ] /cmr9.300 @newfont (cmr9.300) @sf [<0020004000003000C000007000E000007000E000007801E000007801E00000E801D00000E403900000E403900001C4038800 01C403880001C20708000382070400038207040003810E040007010E020007010E020007009C020007009C02000E009C0100 0E007801000E007801001C007800801C007800803C007801C0FF83FF0FF0> 40 26 -1 0 39.457] 87 @dc [<07E00C18380830046000E000E000E000E000FFFCE00C600C701830181C3007C0> 16 16 -1 0 17.079] 101 @dc [<010040000180C0000380E0000380E00003C1E0000741D000074190000F2398000E2388000E2308001E170C001C1704001C16 0400380E06003C0E0700FF3F9F80> 32 16 -1 0 27.731] 119 @dc [<FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FC0000000000000000000000000018003C003C00 1800> 16 26 0 0 10.666] 105 @dc [<FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00 FC00> 16 26 0 0 10.666] 108 @dc [<FF9FC01C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001E0E001E0E001D0C00FCF800> 24 16 -1 0 21.331] 110 @dc [<07E01C38381C700E6006E007E007E007E007E007E0076006700E300C1C3807E0> 16 16 -1 0 19.198] 111 @dc [<03800E401C201C201C201C201C201C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FFC03C001C000C000C00040004000400> 16 23 -1 0 14.932] 116 @dc [<FF9FE7F81C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01E07 81C01E0781C01D8E6380FC7C1F00> 32 16 -1 0 31.997] 109 @dc [<10F0001B0C001E07001C03001C03801C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01801C03801E07001F0E001CF8001C00 001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0000FC0000> 24 26 -1 0 21.331] 98 @dc [<1E3C71FBE0F1E071E071E070707030701C7007F000700070207070E070C03F80> 16 16 -2 0 19.198] 97 @dc [<FFC01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001E201E701D70FCE0> 16 16 -1 0 15.018] 114 @dc [<8F80F040C020C0308030807000F01FE03FC07F00F000C020C020402060E01F20> 16 16 -1 0 15.145] 115 @dc [<FF9FC01C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001E0E001E0E001D0C001CF8001C00 001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0000FC0000> 24 26 -1 0 21.331] 104 @dc [<00800001C00001C00001C00003A00003A0000790000710000710000E08000E08001E0C001C04001C04003C0600FF1F80> 24 16 -1 0 20.265] 118 @dc [<07CFC01C2E00381E00700E00600E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00700E00300E00380E000C3E0003CE00000E 00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007E00> 24 26 -1 0 21.331] 100 @dc [<780000E40000E20000E1000001000001000000800000800001C00001C00001C00003A00003A0000790000710000710000E08 000E08001E0C001C04001C04003C0600FF1F80> 24 23 -1 7 20.265] 121 @dc [<07E00C18380830047000E000E000E000E000E000E00070003008381C0C1C07F8> 16 16 -1 0 17.065] 99 @dc [<07E0381C6006C003C003C003C003600F1FFE3FFC3FF07000600020002FC0186030307038703870387038303018730FCE> 16 24 -1 8 19.198] 103 @dc [<07CFC00C2E001C1E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E00FC7E00> 24 16 -1 0 21.331] 117 @dc [<7FE00E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFC00E000E000E000E000E000E000E1007380318 01F0> 16 26 0 0 11.732] 102 @dc [<007FC0000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0007CE001C2E00381E00700E00700E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E 00E00E00700E00300E00381E000C260003C200> 24 23 -1 7 20.265] 113 @dc [<60F0F060> 8 4 -3 0 10.666] 46 @dc [<FF00FFC01C001E0008001C0008001C00040038000400380006007800020070000200700001FFE0000100E0000100E0000081 C0000081C0000081C0000043800000438000004380000027000000270000003F0000001E0000001E0000000C0000000C0000 000C0000> 32 26 -1 0 28.792] 65 @dc [<FF80001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001CF0001F0C001E07001C03001C03801C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01 C01C01C01C03801C03801E07001F0E00FCF800> 24 23 -1 7 21.331] 112 @dc [<FFF07030701038101C081C080E0807000700038041C041C040E0407060707FF8> 16 16 -1 0 17.065] 122 @dc [<8040202010101070F0F060000000000000000060F0F060> 8 23 -3 7 10.666] 59 @dc 9 @bop1 (cmr10.329) @sf 224 307 p 98 c 121 c 17 r (the) s 17 r (system) s 18 r (ha) s 118 c -1 r 101 c 16 r 98 c 2 r (een) s 17 r (quite) s 18 r 112 c 1 r (ositiv) s (e.) s 27 r 87 c -3 r 101 c 17 r (ha) s 118 c -2 r 101 c 17 r (also,) s 19 r (unfortunately) s -3 r 44 c 17 r (had) s 224 364 p 97 c 16 r (few) s 15 r (rep) s 1 r (orts) s 16 r (that) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 15 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 15 r (ma) s 121 c 15 r (ha) s -1 r 118 c -1 r 101 c 14 r 98 c 2 r (een) s 15 r (used) s 16 r (to) s 15 r (aid) s 15 r (in) s 16 r 118 c -2 r (andalizing) s 15 r (systems) s 224 420 p 98 c 121 c 17 r (exp) s 1 r (osing) s 19 r 119 c -1 r 97 c -1 r (ys) s 17 r (to) s 18 r (break) s 19 r (in.) s 29 r (In) s 18 r (one) s 18 r (case,) s 19 r (the) s 18 r 118 c -1 r (andal) s 17 r (used) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 18 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 18 r (to) s 18 r (\014nd) s 224 477 p 97 c 18 r (user) s 17 r (directory) s 18 r (with) s 17 r (protection) s 18 r (mo) s 1 r (des) s 17 r (777.) s 28 r (In) s 17 r (the) s 18 r (other) s 17 r (case,) s 18 r (the) s 18 r 118 c -2 r (andal) s 224 533 p (used) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 15 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 14 r (to) s 14 r (\014nd) s 15 r 97 c 14 r (writable) s 15 r (system) s 14 r (directory) s -3 r 46 c 19 r (Note,) s 15 r (ho) s 119 c -2 r (ev) s -1 r (er,) s 14 r (that) s 14 r (in) s 15 r 98 c 1 r (oth) s 224 589 p (of) s 15 r (these) s 16 r (cases,) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (same) s 15 r (vulnerabilit) s 121 c 14 r (could) s 15 r (ha) s 118 c -1 r 101 c 14 r (easily) s 15 r 98 c 1 r (een) s 16 r (found) s 15 r (without) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 224 646 p (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 46 c 295 702 p (It) s 15 r (is) s 16 r (in) s -1 r (teresting) s 15 r (to) s 15 r (note) s 16 r (that) s 15 r (in) s 16 r (the) s 15 r (sites) s 16 r 119 c -1 r 101 c 15 r (ha) s 118 c -2 r 101 c 15 r (tested,) s 15 r (and) s 16 r (from) s 15 r (what) s 224 759 p (limited) s 22 r (feedbac) s -1 r 107 c 21 r 119 c 101 c 20 r (receiv) s (ed) s 20 r (from) s 22 r 112 c 1 r (eople) s 21 r (who) s 22 r (ha) s 118 c -2 r 101 c 21 r (utilized) s 21 r (it,) s 23 r 111 c 118 c -1 r (er) s 20 r (half) s 224 815 p (the) s 21 r (systems) s 20 r (had) s 21 r (securit) s 121 c 20 r (problems) s 20 r (that) s 21 r (could) s 21 r (compromise) s 20 r (the) s 21 r (ro) s 1 r (ot) s 21 r (user.) s 224 872 p (Whether) s 19 r (that) s 19 r (can) s 19 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 19 r (generalized) s 19 r (to) s 19 r 97 c 19 r (larger) s 18 r 112 c 2 r (opulation) s 19 r (of) s 18 r (systems) s 19 r (is) s 19 r (un-) s 224 928 p (kno) s (wn;) s 12 r (part) s 12 r (of) s 11 r (our) s 12 r (ongoing) s 12 r (researc) s 104 c 10 r (is) s 12 r (to) s 12 r (determine) s 12 r (ho) s -1 r 119 c 11 r (vulnerable) s 12 r 97 c 11 r 116 c (ypical) s 224 985 p (site) s 18 r (ma) s 121 c 17 r 98 c 1 r (e.) s 29 r (Ev) s -1 r (en) s 17 r (mac) s (hines) s 17 r (that) s 18 r (ha) s 118 c -2 r 101 c 17 r (come) s 18 r (straigh) s 116 c 17 r (from) s 18 r (the) s 18 r 118 c (endor) s 17 r (are) s 224 1041 p (not) s 12 r (imm) s (une) s 11 r (from) s 13 r (pro) s 1 r (cedural) s 12 r (securit) s 121 c 11 r (problems.) s 19 r (Critical) s 13 r (\014les) s 12 r (and) s 12 r (directories) s 224 1098 p (are) s 14 r (often) s 14 r (left) s 14 r 119 c -1 r (orld-writable,) s 13 r (and) s 14 r (con\014guration) s 14 r (\014les) s 14 r (are) s 14 r (shipp) s 1 r (ed) s 14 r (so) s 13 r (that) s 14 r (an) s 121 c 224 1154 p (other) s 15 r (mac) s (hine) s 13 r (ho) s 2 r (ok) s -1 r (ed) s 14 r (up) s 15 r (to) s 15 r (the) s 14 r (same) s 15 r (net) s 119 c -1 r (ork) s 13 r (can) s 15 r (compromise) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (system.) s 224 1210 p (It) s 12 r (underscores) s 12 r (this) s 12 r (sad) s 12 r (state) s 12 r (of) s 12 r (a\013airs) s 12 r (when) s 12 r (one) s 12 r 118 c (endor's) s 11 r (op) s 1 r (erational) s 12 r (man) s (ual) s 224 1267 p (harshly) s 16 r (criticizes) s 15 r (the) s 16 r (practice) s 15 r (of) s 16 r (placing) s 15 r (the) s 16 r (curren) s -1 r 116 c 15 r (directory) s 16 r (in) s 15 r (the) s 16 r (searc) s -1 r 104 c 224 1323 p (path,) s 20 r (and) s 19 r (then) s 19 r (in) s 19 r (the) s 19 r (next) s 19 r (sen) s (tence) s 18 r (states) s 19 r (\\Unfortunately) s -3 r 44 c 19 r (this) s 19 r (safe) s 20 r (path) s 224 1380 p (isn't) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (default.") s (cmr8.300) @sf 597 1363 p 50 c (cmr10.329) @sf 295 1436 p 87 c -3 r 101 c 13 r (plan) s 13 r (on) s 14 r (collecting) s 14 r (further) s 13 r (rep) s 1 r (orts) s 14 r (from) s 14 r (users) s 13 r (ab) s 2 r (out) s 13 r (their) s 14 r (exp) s 1 r (eriences) s 224 1493 p (with) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 18 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 46 c 28 r 87 c -3 r 101 c 17 r 119 c (ould) s 17 r (encourage) s 18 r (readers) s 17 r (of) s 18 r (this) s 18 r (pap) s 1 r (er) s 18 r (who) s 18 r (ma) s 121 c 17 r (use) s 17 r (it) s 18 r (to) s 224 1549 p (inform) s 12 r (us) s 11 r (of) s 11 r (the) s 12 r 112 c 1 r (erformance) s 12 r (of) s 11 r (the) s 11 r (system,) s 13 r (the) s 11 r (nature) s 12 r (of) s 11 r (problems) s 11 r (indicated) s 224 1606 p 98 c 121 c 14 r (the) s 15 r (system,) s 15 r (and) s 15 r (of) s 16 r (an) s -1 r 121 c 15 r (suggestions) s 15 r (for) s 15 r (enhancing) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (system.) s (cmbx10.432) @sf 224 1749 p 53 c 69 r 70 c -5 r (uture) s 22 r 87 c -5 r (ork) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 1850 p 70 c -3 r (rom) s 13 r (the) s 14 r 98 c 1 r (eginning) s 14 r (of) s 13 r (this) s 14 r (pro) s 3 r (ject,) s 14 r (there) s 13 r (ha) s 118 c -1 r 101 c 13 r 98 c 1 r (een) s 14 r 116 c -1 r 119 c -1 r 111 c 13 r 107 c -1 r (ey) s 13 r (ideas) s 14 r (that) s 14 r (ha) s -1 r 118 c -1 r 101 c 224 1907 p (help) s 1 r (ed) s 17 r (fo) s 2 r (cus) s 17 r (our) s 17 r (atten) s (tion) s 16 r (and) s 17 r (re\014ne) s 17 r (our) s 17 r (design.) s 26 r (First,) s 17 r (there) s 17 r (is) s 17 r (simply) s 18 r (no) s 224 1963 p (reasonable) s 11 r 119 c 97 c -1 r 121 c 9 r (for) s 11 r (us) s 11 r (to) s 11 r (write) s 11 r 97 c 11 r (securit) s 121 c 9 r (pac) s 107 c -2 r (age) s 10 r (that) s 10 r (will) s 11 r 112 c 2 r (erform) s 10 r (ev) s (ery) s 10 r (task) s 224 2020 p (that) s 19 r 119 c 101 c 18 r (felt) s 19 r 119 c -1 r (as) s 18 r (necessary) s 19 r (to) s 19 r (create) s 19 r 97 c 19 r (truly) s 19 r (satisfactory) s 19 r (securit) s 121 c 18 r (pac) s -1 r 107 c -2 r (age.) s 224 2076 p (Second,) s 19 r (if) s 18 r 119 c -1 r 101 c 17 r 119 c (aited,) s 17 r (no) s 18 r (one) s 18 r (else) s 18 r 119 c (as) s 17 r (going) s 18 r (to) s 17 r (write) s 18 r (something) s 18 r (lik) s 101 c (cmcsc10.329) @sf 17 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 2133 p (for) s 17 r (us.) s 24 r (Th) s (us,) s 16 r 119 c 101 c 15 r (forged) s 17 r (ahead) s 16 r (with) s 17 r (the) s 17 r (design) s 16 r (and) s 17 r (construction) s 16 r (of) s 17 r 97 c 16 r (solid,) s 224 2189 p (basic) s 22 r (securit) s -1 r 121 c 21 r (pac) s 107 c -3 r (age) s 20 r (that) s 22 r (could) s 21 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 21 r (easily) s 21 r (expanded.) s 40 r 87 c -3 r 101 c 20 r (ha) s 118 c -1 r 101 c 20 r (tried) s 22 r (to) s 224 2245 p (stress) s 17 r (certain) s 16 r (imp) s 2 r (ortan) s -1 r 116 c 16 r (principles) s 16 r (in) s 17 r (the) s 16 r (design) s 17 r (of) s 17 r (the) s 16 r (system,) s 17 r (so) s 17 r (that) s 16 r (the) s 224 2285 p 598 2 ru (cmr6.300) @sf 276 2312 p 50 c (cmr9.300) @sf 293 2328 p 87 c -2 r 101 c 15 r (will) s 16 r (not) s 16 r (em) s -1 r (barrass) s 15 r (that) s 16 r (one) s 16 r 118 c (endor) s 15 r 98 c 121 c 14 r (citing) s 16 r (the) s 16 r (source) s 16 r (of) s 16 r (the) s 15 r (quote.) s 27 r 65 c -1 r 116 c 15 r (least) s 224 2373 p (they) s 13 r (noted) s 13 r (the) s 12 r (fact) s 13 r (that) s 13 r (suc) s 104 c 12 r 97 c 12 r (path) s 13 r (is) s 13 r 97 c 13 r (hazard;) s 12 r (man) s 121 c 12 r 118 c (endors) s 12 r (do) s 12 r (not) s 13 r (ev) s (en) s 12 r (pro) s (vide) s 11 r (that) s 224 2419 p 109 c (uc) s -1 r 104 c 12 r 119 c (arning.) s (cmr10.329) @sf 960 2577 p 57 c @eop 8 @bop0 (cmbx10.432) @sf [<00FF800007FFF0001FFFFC003F01FE007C007F007E007F80FF007FC0FF003FC0FF003FE0FF003FE07E003FE03C003FE00000 3FE000003FE000003FC000003FC000007F8000007F0000007E000001FC0000FFF00000FFC0000007F0000001F8000001FC00 0000FE000000FF000000FF000F007F801F807F803F807F803F807F803F807F803F80FF001F00FF000F81FE0007FFFC0003FF F000007F8000> 32 39 -3 0 34.370] 51 @dc [<00001FF800000001FFFF00000007FFFFC000000FF007E000003FC000F000007F00003800007E00001C0000FE00001C0001FE 00000E0001FC00000E0003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000 070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC00000700 03FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC 0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC0000070003FC00000700FFFFF001FFFCFFFFF001FFFCFFFFF001FFFC> 48 41 -3 0 52.883] 85 @dc (cmss10.329) @sf [<07C00FF01FF01E201E001E001E001E001E001E001E001E001E001E001E001E001E00FFF0FFF0FFF01E001E001E001E001E00 1E00> 16 26 -1 0 16.414] 116 @dc [<03F00FFE1FFF3E0F3C0178007800F000F000F000F000F000F000780078003C023E0E1FFE0FFC03F0> 16 20 -2 0 20.202] 99 @dc [<F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F800F800FC00FC00FF00F7E0F3E0F0E0> 16 20 -3 0 15.530] 114 @dc [<01F80007FE001FFF803F0FC03C03C07801E07801E0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F07801E07801E03C03C03F0F C01FFF8007FE0001F800> 24 20 -1 0 22.727] 111 @dc (cmr10.329) @sf [<007FFE000007C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003 C0000007C0000007A000000FB000001F1000001E0800003E0800003C0400007C040000F8020000F0030001F0010001E00080 03E0008007C00040078000400F8000601F8000F8FFF003FF> 32 31 -1 0 34.090] 89 @dc (cmbx10.432) @sf [<007FFFF8007FFFF8007FFFF80000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE00FFFFFFF8FFFF FFF8FFFFFFF8E0007E0070007E0038007E001C007E000E007E000E007E0007007E0003807E0001C07E0000E07E0000E07E00 00707E0000387E00001C7E00000E7E00000E7E0000077E000003FE000001FE000000FE000000FE0000007E0000003E000000 1E0000000E00> 32 39 -2 0 34.370] 52 @dc [<FFFFFFFFF0FFFFFFFFF0FFFFFFFFF003FC001FF803FC0003F803FC0001F803FC0000F803FC00007803FC00003803FC00003C 03FC00001C03FC00001C03FC00001C03FC01C01C03FC01C00E03FC01C00E03FC01C00E03FC03C00003FC03C00003FC0FC000 03FFFFC00003FFFFC00003FFFFC00003FC0FC00003FC03C00003FC03C00003FC01C03803FC01C03803FC01C03803FC01C078 03FC00007003FC00007003FC00007003FC0000F003FC0001F003FC0001F003FC0007F003FC001FE0FFFFFFFFE0FFFFFFFFE0 FFFFFFFFE0> 40 41 -3 0 45.163] 69 @dc [<FFF01FFF80FFF01FFF80FFF01FFF8003C007F00001C00FE00001E01FE00000F01FC00000783F8000003C7F0000001EFE0000 001FFE0000000FFC00000007F800000007F00000000FF00000000FF00000001FF00000003FF80000007F3C000000FF1E0000 00FE0F000001FC07800003F807800007F003C000FFFC0FFF00FFFC0FFF00FFFC0FFF00> 40 27 -1 0 36.280] 120 @dc [<0001C000000003E000000003E000000007F000000007F00000000FF80000000FF80000000FF80000001FDC0000001FDC0000 003FDE0000003F8E0000007F8F0000007F070000007F07000000FE03800000FE03800001FC01C00001FC01C00003FC01E000 03F800E00007F800F00007F000700007F0007000FFFE03FF80FFFE03FF80FFFE03FF80> 40 27 -1 0 36.280] 118 @dc 8 @bop1 (cmbx10.432) @sf 224 307 p 51 c 69 r (Usage) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 409 p (Installing) s 18 r (and) s 17 r (running) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 18 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 18 r (on) s 17 r 97 c 18 r (system) s 17 r (usually) s 18 r (tak) s (es) s 16 r (less) s 18 r (than) s 17 r (an) s 18 r (hour,) s 224 465 p (dep) s 1 r (ending) s 14 r (on) s 14 r (the) s 13 r (administrator's) s 14 r (exp) s 1 r (erience,) s 14 r (the) s 14 r (sp) s 1 r (eed) s 14 r (of) s 14 r (the) s 13 r (mac) s (hine,) s 13 r (and) s 224 522 p (what) s 17 r (options) s 17 r (are) s 17 r (used.) s 26 r (After) s 17 r (the) s 17 r (initial) s 17 r (installation,) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 18 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 17 r (usually) s 17 r (tak) s -1 r (es) s 16 r 97 c 224 578 p (few) s 13 r (min) s (utes) s 12 r (to) s 13 r (run.) s 20 r (This) s 13 r (time) s 13 r (is) s 13 r (hea) s (vily) s 12 r (dep) s 1 r (enden) s 116 c 12 r (on) s 13 r (pro) s 1 r (cessor) s 14 r (sp) s 1 r (eed,) s 13 r (ho) s 119 c 224 634 p (man) s 121 c 16 r (passw) s (ord) s 16 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r (king) s 16 r (options) s 17 r (are) s 17 r (used,) s 18 r (and) s 17 r (ho) s 119 c 16 r (man) s 121 c 16 r (accoun) s (ts) s 16 r (are) s 17 r (on) s 224 691 p (the) s 15 r (system.) s 295 747 p (The) s 21 r 98 c 1 r (est) s 22 r 119 c 97 c -2 r 121 c 21 r (to) s 21 r (use) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 22 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 21 r (is) s 22 r (to) s 21 r (run) s 22 r (it) s 21 r (on) s 22 r 97 c 21 r (regular) s 21 r (basis,) s 24 r (via) s (cmss10.329) @sf 21 r (at) s (cmr10.329) @sf 21 r (or) s (cmss10.329) @sf 224 804 p (cron) s (cmr10.329) @sf 46 c 23 r (Ev) s (en) s 15 r (though) s 16 r (it) s 16 r (ma) s -1 r 121 c 15 r (not) s 16 r (\014nd) s 16 r (an) s 121 c 15 r (problems) s 16 r (immediately) s -3 r 44 c 16 r (the) s 16 r 116 c -1 r (yp) s 1 r (es) s 16 r (of) s 224 860 p (problems) s 15 r (and) s 15 r (holes) s 16 r (it) s 15 r (can) s 15 r (detect) s 15 r (could) s 15 r 111 c 1 r (ccur) s 16 r (at) s 15 r (an) s 121 c 14 r (later) s 15 r (time.) s 295 917 p (Though) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 13 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 14 r (is) s 13 r (publically) s 14 r (accessible,) s 14 r (it) s 13 r (is) s 14 r 97 c 13 r (go) s 1 r 111 c 2 r 100 c 13 r (idea) s 14 r (to) s 13 r (prev) s (en) s -1 r 116 c 12 r (others) s 224 973 p (from) s 19 r (accessing) s 19 r (the) s 19 r (programs) s 19 r (in) s 18 r (the) s 19 r (to) s 1 r (olkit,) s 20 r (as) s 19 r 119 c (ell) s 18 r (as) s 18 r (seeing) s 19 r (an) s 121 c 18 r (securit) s 121 c 224 1030 p (rep) s 1 r (orts) s 17 r (generated) s 16 r (when) s 16 r (it) s 17 r (has) s 16 r 98 c 1 r (een) s 17 r (run.) s 24 r (Ev) s -1 r (en) s 16 r (if) s 16 r 121 c (ou) s 15 r (do) s 17 r (not) s 16 r (think) s 16 r (of) s 17 r (them) s 224 1086 p (as) s 15 r (imp) s 2 r (ortan) s -1 r (t,) s 15 r (someone) s 15 r (else) s 15 r (migh) s 116 c 14 r (use) s 15 r (the) s 16 r (information) s 15 r (against) s 15 r 121 c (our) s 14 r (system.) s 224 1143 p (Because) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 13 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 12 r (is) s 12 r (con\014gurable,) s 13 r (an) s 13 r (in) s -1 r (truder) s 12 r (could) s 12 r (easily) s 12 r 99 c (hange) s 12 r (the) s 12 r (paths) s 12 r (and) s 224 1199 p (\014les) s 19 r (that) s 18 r (it) s 19 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r (ks,) s 18 r (th) s (us) s 17 r (making) s 19 r (an) s 121 c 17 r (securit) s 121 c 18 r 99 c (hec) s -2 r (ks) s 18 r (misleading) s 19 r (or) s 18 r 119 c (orth-) s 224 1255 p (less.) s 26 r 89 c -2 r (ou) s 16 r 109 c (ust) s 16 r (also) s 17 r (assume) s 17 r (in) s (truders) s 16 r (will) s 17 r (ha) s 118 c -1 r 101 c 16 r (access) s 17 r (to) s 17 r (the) s 17 r (same) s 17 r (to) s 2 r (olkit,) s 224 1312 p (and) s 17 r (hence) s 17 r (access) s 16 r (to) s 17 r (the) s 17 r (same) s 16 r (information) s 17 r (on) s 17 r 121 c (our) s 15 r (securit) s 121 c 16 r (problems.) s 25 r (An) s -1 r 121 c 224 1368 p (securit) s 121 c 13 r (decisions) s 15 r 121 c -1 r (ou) s 14 r (mak) s 101 c 13 r (based) s 14 r (on) s 15 r (output) s 14 r (from) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 14 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 15 r (should) s 14 r (re\015ect) s 15 r (this.) s 224 1425 p (When) s 15 r (dealing) s 15 r (with) s 16 r (the) s 15 r (securit) s -1 r 121 c 15 r (of) s 15 r 121 c (our) s 14 r (system,) s 15 r (caution) s 15 r (is) s 15 r (nev) s (er) s 14 r 119 c (asted.) s (cmbx10.432) @sf 224 1568 p 52 c 69 r (Exp) s 2 r (erience) s 23 r (and) s 23 r (Ev) s -3 r (aluation) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 1669 p (This) s 14 r (securit) s 121 c 13 r (system) s 14 r (is) s 15 r (not) s 14 r (glamorous|it) s 14 r (cannot) s 14 r (dra) s 119 c 13 r (an) s 121 c 13 r (pictures,) s 14 r (it) s 15 r (con-) s 224 1726 p (sists) s 12 r (of) s 12 r 97 c 11 r (handful) s 12 r (of) s 12 r (simple) s 11 r (shell) s 12 r (scripts,) s 13 r (it) s 11 r (do) s 2 r (es) s 11 r (not) s 12 r (pro) s 1 r (duce) s 12 r (length) s 121 c -4 r 44 c 11 r (detailed) s 224 1782 p (rep) s 1 r (orts,) s 14 r (and) s 13 r (it) s 13 r (is) s 13 r (lik) s (ely) s 12 r (to) s 13 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 14 r (of) s 13 r (little) s 13 r (in) s (terest) s 12 r (to) s 13 r (exp) s 1 r (erienced) s 13 r (securit) s 121 c 12 r (admin-) s 224 1839 p (istrators) s 13 r (who) s 14 r (ha) s 118 c -2 r 101 c 13 r (already) s 13 r (created) s 13 r (their) s 14 r 111 c -1 r (wn) s 13 r (securit) s -1 r 121 c 13 r (to) s 1 r (olkits.) s 20 r (On) s 13 r (the) s 13 r (other) s 224 1895 p (hand,) s 18 r (it) s 17 r (has) s 17 r (pro) s 118 c -2 r (en) s 17 r (to) s 17 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 17 r (quite) s 17 r (e\013ectiv) s 101 c 16 r (at) s 17 r 112 c 1 r (oin) s (ting) s 16 r (out) s 17 r 112 c 2 r (oten) s -1 r (tial) s 16 r (securit) s 121 c 224 1952 p (problems) s 12 r (on) s 11 r 97 c 12 r (wide) s 12 r 118 c -2 r (ariet) s -1 r 121 c 10 r (of) s 12 r (systems,) s 12 r (and) s 12 r (should) s 12 r (pro) s -1 r 118 c -1 r 101 c 11 r (to) s 11 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 11 r (fairly) s 12 r 118 c -2 r (aluable) s 224 2008 p (to) s 15 r (the) s 14 r (ma) s 3 r (jorit) s 121 c 13 r (of) s 15 r (system) s 14 r (administrators) s 15 r (who) s 14 r (don't) s 15 r (ha) s 118 c -2 r 101 c 14 r (the) s 14 r (time) s 15 r (to) s 15 r (create) s 224 2065 p (their) s 13 r 111 c (wn) s 11 r (system.) s 20 r (Some) s 12 r (administrators) s 13 r (of) s 13 r (ma) s 2 r (jor) s 13 r (sites) s 12 r (ha) s 118 c -1 r 101 c 12 r (informed) s 12 r (us) s 13 r (that) s 224 2121 p (they) s 14 r (are) s 14 r (incorp) s 2 r (orating) s 14 r (their) s 14 r (old) s 14 r (securit) s 121 c 13 r 99 c -1 r (hec) s -1 r (ks) s 13 r (in) s (to) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 13 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 14 r (to) s 14 r (form) s 14 r 97 c 14 r (uni\014ed) s 224 2178 p (securit) s 121 c 14 r (system.) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 295 2234 p (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 17 r (has) s 18 r 98 c 1 r (een) s 18 r (in) s 17 r (formal) s 18 r (release) s 18 r (for) s 17 r (only) s 18 r 97 c 17 r (few) s 18 r (mon) s (ths) s 16 r (\(as) s 18 r (of) s 18 r (Jan) s -1 r (uary) s 224 2290 p (1990\).) s 20 r 87 c -3 r 101 c 13 r (ha) s 118 c -1 r 101 c 13 r (receiv) s (ed) s 13 r (some) s 14 r (feedbac) s 107 c 13 r (from) s 14 r (sites) s 14 r (using) s 15 r (the) s 14 r (system,) s 14 r (includ-) s 224 2347 p (ing) s 13 r (academic,) s 14 r (go) s 118 c -1 r (ernmen) s -2 r 116 c 13 r (and) s 13 r (commercial) s 13 r (sites.) s 20 r (All) s 13 r (of) s 14 r (the) s 13 r (commen) s (ts) s 12 r (ab) s 1 r (out) s 224 2403 p (the) s 15 r (ease) s 14 r (of) s 15 r (use,) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (readabilit) s -1 r 121 c 14 r (of) s 15 r (the) s 14 r (co) s 2 r (de,) s 14 r (and) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (range) s 14 r (of) s 15 r (things) s 15 r 99 c -1 r (hec) s -1 r 107 c -1 r (ed) s 960 2577 p 56 c @eop 7 @bop0 (cmss10.329) @sf [<0F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00F00 F0FFF8F0FFF8F0FFF8F00F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F000007000007800003F8F001F8F000F8F00000F0> 24 33 0 0 24.368] 12 @dc [<F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0> 8 32 -3 0 10.858] 108 @dc [<01F80007FE001FFF003E07003C0100780000700000F00000F00000F00000FFFF80FFFF80FFFF807003807807003C07003E1F 001FFE000FFC0003F000> 24 20 -1 0 20.202] 101 @dc [<F0F0F0F0> 8 4 -4 0 12.626] 46 @dc [<F00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF00FF80FF80FFC1FF7FEF3FCF1F8F000F000F000F000F000 F000F000F000F000F000F000F000> 16 32 -3 0 23.484] 104 @dc (cmbx10.329) @sf [<03F8FF0FFEFF1F07F83E01F87E00F87C00F87C00F8FC00F8FC00F8FC00F8FC00F8FC00F8FC00F87C00F87C00F87E00F83E01 F81F83F80FFEF801F8F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80007F80007F8> 24 32 -2 0 29.040] 100 @dc [<00FF8007FFE00F80701E00183E00187C00007C0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FFFFF8FFFFF8FC00F87C00F87C00F03E00F01E01 E00F83C007FF8001FE00> 24 20 -1 0 23.958] 101 @dc [<001C0000001C0000003E0000003E0000007F0000007F000000FF800000F9800001F9C00001F0C00001F0C00003E0600003E0 600007C0300007C030000F8018000F8018001F001C00FFE07F80FFE07F80> 32 20 -1 0 27.588] 118 @dc [<387CFEFEFE7C38> 8 7 -4 0 14.520] 46 @dc [<01FC0007FF001F81C03F00C03E00607E00007C0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC00007C03007C0FC03E0FC03E0F C01F0FC007FF8001FE00> 24 20 -2 0 23.232] 99 @dc [<FFE3FFFFE3FF1F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F80F81FC0 F81F61F01F3FE01F0FC01F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F0000FF0000FF0000> 24 32 -3 0 29.040] 104 @dc [<FFC3FFFFC3FF1E00F81E01F01E01E01E03C01E07C01E0F801F0F001F9E001FFC001F7C001F18001F0C001F07001F03801F00 C01F00F01F01FE1F01FE1F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F0000FF0000FF0000> 24 32 -2 0 27.588] 107 @dc [<01FF0007FFC01F83F03E00F83E00F87C007C7C007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007C7C007C3E00F83E00 F81F83F007FFC001FF00> 24 20 -1 0 26.136] 111 @dc [<FFE3FF8FFEFFE3FF8FFE1F007C01F01F007C01F01F007C01F01F007C01F01F007C01F01F007C01F01F007C01F01F007C01F0 1F007C01F01F007C01F01F007C01F01F007C01F01F807E01F01E807E01F01E407D01F01E70F9C3E0FE1FF07FC0FE0FE03F80> 40 20 -3 0 43.559] 109 @dc [<2070180C0E060603033B7FFFFFFE7C38> 8 16 -4 9 14.520] 44 @dc [<03F8FF07FCFF0F06F81F01F81F01F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00 F81F00F8FF07F8FF07F8> 24 20 -3 0 29.040] 117 @dc [<C7F0FFFCF81EF006E007C007C007001F03FE1FFE3FFC7FF8FFC0F800E006E006600E701E3FFE0FE6> 16 20 -2 0 20.618] 115 @dc [<FFF000FFF0001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F03001F8FC01E8FC01E8F C01ECFC0FE7F80FE3E00> 24 20 -2 0 21.527] 114 @dc (cmti10.329) @sf [<3C00000062000000F3000000798000003180000001C0000001C0000000C0000000E0000000E0038000E0064000E00E200070 0E2000700E2000700E2000700710007007000038070000380700003803800038038000380380001C0380001C01C0001C01C0 001C01C0001C01C0000E00E000FFFFE0000E0000000E0000000E000000070000000700000007000000070030000300780003 8078000180380000E01000003FE0> 32 41 2 9 25.555] 12 @dc (cmbx10.329) @sf [<01F003F807CC0F860F860F860F860F860F800F800F800F800F800F800F800F800F800F80FFFCFFFC3F800F80078003800380 0380018001800180> 16 29 -1 0 20.328] 116 @dc (cmss10.329) @sf [<F007803CF007803CF007803CF007803CF007803CF007803CF007803CF007803CF007803CF007803CF007803CF007803CF007 803CF007803CF807C03CF807C03CFE0FF07CF7FF3FF8F3FE1FF0F0FC07E0> 32 20 -3 0 36.110] 109 @dc [<0FC07FF0FFF8F07CC03C003C003C007C03F80FF81FF03FC07C00780078007800780C3FFC1FFC07F0> 16 20 -1 0 17.424] 115 @dc (cmti10.329) @sf [<0FFE0000E00000E0000070000070000070000070000038000038000F380030B800705C00703C00F01C00F01C00F00E00F00E 00F00E00F00E007807007807007807003807003C03801C03800E03800705800388C000F040> 24 29 -4 9 20.908] 113 @dc (cmbx10.329) @sf [<FFE0FFE01F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00FF00FF0000000000000000000000 00001C003E003F007F003F003E001C00> 16 33 -2 0 14.520] 105 @dc [<0FE07E3FF8FE7E0DE0FC05E0F803E0F803E0F803E07C03E03C03E01F03E007FBE0007FE00003E00C03E03F03E03F03E03F07 C03F0F801FFF0007FC00> 24 20 -1 0 25.410] 97 @dc [<FFE3FFFFE3FF1F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81E80F81EC0 F81E61F0FE3FE0FE0FC0> 24 20 -3 0 29.040] 110 @dc [<01FF000FFFE03F01F878003C78003CF0001EF0001EF0001E70003E3C007C1FFFFC07FFF80FFFF01FFF801C00001800001800 0009FC000FFF000F07801E03C03E03E03E03E03E03E03E03E03E03E01E03DE0F079E07FFFE01FC3C> 24 30 -1 10 26.136] 103 @dc 7 @bop1 (cmr10.329) @sf 338 307 p 119 c (orld-writable.) s 31 r (This) s 20 r (protects) s 19 r (against) s 19 r (an) s 20 r (attac) s -1 r 107 c -1 r (er) s 18 r (who) s 20 r (migh) s 116 c 18 r (try) s 19 r (to) s 338 364 p (mo) s 1 r (dify) s 14 r (an) s 121 c 14 r (programs) s 14 r (or) s 15 r (data) s 14 r (\014les) s 14 r (that) s 15 r (are) s 14 r (run) s 15 r (with) s 14 r (ro) s 1 r (ot) s 15 r (privileges) s 14 r (at) s 338 420 p (the) s 12 r (time) s 13 r (of) s 13 r (system) s 13 r (startup.) s 19 r (These) s 13 r (routines) s 12 r (extract) s 13 r (\014le) s 13 r (names) s 12 r (from) s 13 r (the) s 338 477 p (scripts) s 15 r (and) s 15 r (apply) s 15 r 97 c 15 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r 107 c 14 r (similar) s 15 r (to) s 15 r (that) s 15 r (in) s (cmss10.329) @sf 16 r (\014le.chk) s (cmr10.329) @sf 46 c (cmbx10.329) @sf 247 570 p (dev.c) s -1 r (hk) s (cmr10.329) @sf 10 r 99 c -1 r (hec) s -1 r (ks) s (cmti10.329) @sf 9 r (/dev/kmem,) s 13 r (/dev/mem) s (cmr10.329) @sf 44 c 11 r (and) s 10 r (\014le) s 10 r (systems) s 10 r (listed) s 10 r (in) s (cmti10.329) @sf 10 r (/etc/fstab) s (cmr10.329) @sf 338 627 p (for) s 13 r 119 c (orld) s 12 r (read/writabilit) s 121 c -4 r 46 c 18 r (This) s 13 r (prev) s (en) s -1 r (ts) s 12 r 119 c (ould-b) s 101 c 13 r (attac) s 107 c -1 r (ers) s 12 r (from) s 13 r (get-) s 338 683 p (ting) s 14 r (around) s 14 r (\014le) s 14 r 112 c 1 r (ermissions) s 14 r (and) s 14 r (reading/writing) s 14 r (directly) s 14 r (from) s 14 r (the) s 14 r (de-) s 338 740 p (vice) s 15 r (or) s 15 r (system) s 15 r (memory) s -3 r 46 c (cmbx10.329) @sf 247 834 p (home.c) s -1 r (hk,) s 22 r (user.c) s (hk) s (cmr10.329) @sf 19 r (These) s 19 r (programs) s 20 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r 107 c 19 r (eac) s -1 r 104 c 19 r (user's) s 20 r (home) s 20 r (directory) s 338 890 p (and) s 12 r (initialization) s 11 r (\014les) s 12 r 40 c (cmti10.329) @sf (.lo) s -1 r (gin,) s 13 r (.cshr) s -2 r (c,) s 13 r (.pr) s -1 r (o\014le) s (cmr10.329) @sf 44 c 11 r (etc\)) s 12 r (for) s 12 r 119 c -1 r (orld) s 11 r (writabilit) s 121 c -4 r 46 c (cmbx10.329) @sf 247 984 p (ro) s 1 r (ot.c) s (hk) s (cmr10.329) @sf 11 r (This) s 11 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r (ks) s 10 r (ro) s 2 r (ot) s 11 r (startup) s 12 r (\014les) s 11 r (\(e.g.,) s (cmti10.329) @sf 13 r (/.lo) s -2 r (gin,) s 13 r (/.pr) s -1 r (o\014le) s (cmr10.329) @sf 41 c 10 r (for) s 12 r (incorrect) s (cmss10.329) @sf 338 1040 p (umask) s (cmr10.329) @sf 12 r (settings) s 12 r (and) s 12 r (searc) s 104 c 10 r (paths) s 12 r (con) s (taining) s 11 r (the) s 12 r (curren) s 116 c 11 r (directory) s -3 r 46 c 18 r (This) s 338 1097 p (also) s 19 r (examines) s (cmti10.329) @sf 20 r (/etc/hosts.e) s -1 r (quiv) s (cmr10.329) @sf 18 r (for) s 20 r (to) s 1 r 111 c 20 r 109 c -1 r (uc) s -1 r 104 c 19 r (accessibilit) s -1 r 121 c -3 r 44 c 19 r (and) s 20 r 97 c 19 r (few) s 338 1153 p (miscellaneous) s 15 r (other) s 15 r (tests) s 15 r (that) s 15 r (do) s 16 r (not) s 15 r (\014t) s 15 r (an) s (ywhere) s 14 r (else.) s (cmbx10.329) @sf 247 1247 p (suid.c) s -1 r (hk) s (cmr10.329) @sf 15 r (This) s 16 r (program) s 16 r (searc) s (hes) s 15 r (for) s 15 r 99 c (hanges) s 15 r (in) s 16 r (SUID) s 16 r (\014le) s 16 r (status) s 15 r (on) s 16 r 97 c 16 r (sys-) s 338 1303 p (tem.) s 23 r (It) s 16 r (needs) s 16 r (to) s 16 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 16 r (run) s 16 r (as) s 17 r (user) s 16 r (ro) s 1 r (ot) s 16 r (for) s 16 r 98 c 1 r (est) s 16 r (results.) s 23 r (This) s 16 r (is) s 17 r 98 c 1 r (ecause) s 338 1360 p (it) s 13 r (needs) s 14 r (to) s 13 r (\014nd) s 13 r (all) s 14 r (SUID) s 13 r (\014les) s 14 r (on) s 13 r (the) s 13 r (mac) s (hine,) s 13 r (including) s 13 r (those) s 14 r (that) s 13 r (are) s 338 1416 p (in) s 13 r (directories) s 13 r (that) s 13 r (are) s 13 r (not) s 13 r (generally) s 13 r (accessible.) s 19 r (It) s 13 r (uses) s 13 r (its) s 13 r (previous) s 13 r (run) s 338 1473 p (as) s 15 r 97 c 15 r (reference) s 15 r (for) s 15 r (detecting) s 16 r (new,) s 15 r (deleted,) s 15 r (or) s 15 r 99 c (hanged) s 14 r (SUID) s 15 r (\014les.) s (cmbx10.329) @sf 247 1567 p (kuang) s (cmr10.329) @sf 12 r (The) s 11 r (U-Kuang) s 12 r (exp) s 1 r (ert) s 12 r (system,) s 12 r (originally) s 12 r (written) s 12 r 98 c -1 r 121 c 11 r (Rob) s 1 r (ert) s 12 r (W.) s 12 r (Bald-) s 338 1623 p (win) s 18 r (of) s 19 r (MIT.) s 18 r (This) s 19 r (program) s 18 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r (ks) s 17 r (to) s 19 r (see) s 18 r (if) s 19 r 97 c 18 r (giv) s (en) s 17 r (user) s 19 r (\(b) s 121 c 17 r (default,) s 338 1679 p (ro) s 1 r (ot\)) s 15 r (is) s 15 r (compromisable,) s 16 r (giv) s -1 r (en) s 14 r (that) s 16 r (certain) s 15 r (rules) s 15 r (are) s 15 r (true.) s 295 1786 p (It) s 12 r (is) s 12 r (imp) s 1 r (ortan) s 116 c 11 r (to) s 12 r (note) s 12 r (once) s 12 r (again) s 12 r (that) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 11 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 12 r (do) s 2 r (es) s 12 r (not) s 12 r (attempt) s 12 r (to) s 12 r (correct) s 224 1842 p (an) s 121 c 14 r 112 c 2 r (oten) s -1 r (tial) s 15 r (securit) s 121 c 14 r (hazards) s 16 r (that) s 15 r (it) s 15 r (\014nds,) s 16 r (but) s 16 r (rather) s 15 r (rep) s 1 r (orts) s 16 r (them) s 15 r (to) s 16 r (the) s 224 1899 p (administrator.) s 27 r (The) s 18 r (rationale) s 17 r (for) s 17 r (this) s 18 r (is) s 17 r (that) s 18 r (is) s 17 r (that) s 17 r (ev) s (en) s 16 r (though) s 18 r 116 c 119 c -2 r 111 c 17 r (sites) s 224 1955 p (ma) s 121 c 17 r (ha) s -1 r 118 c -1 r 101 c 17 r (the) s 18 r (same) s 17 r (underlying) s 18 r (hardw) s (are) s 17 r (and) s 17 r 118 c (ersion) s 17 r (of) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 18 r (Unix) s (cmr10.329) @sf 44 c 18 r (it) s 18 r (do) s 1 r (es) s 18 r (not) s 224 2012 p (mean) s 23 r (that) s 23 r (the) s 22 r (administrators) s 23 r (of) s 23 r (those) s 22 r (sites) s 23 r (will) s 23 r (ha) s 118 c -2 r 101 c 22 r (the) s 23 r (same) s 22 r (securit) s 121 c 224 2068 p (concerns.) s 20 r (What) s 13 r (is) s 13 r (standard) s 13 r 112 c 1 r (olicy) s 13 r (at) s 13 r (one) s 13 r (site) s 13 r (ma) s 121 c 12 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 13 r (an) s 13 r (un) s (think) s -3 r (able) s 12 r (risk) s 13 r (at) s 224 2124 p (another,) s 13 r (dep) s 1 r (ending) s 12 r (up) s 1 r (on) s 12 r (the) s 12 r (nature) s 12 r (of) s 11 r (the) s 12 r 119 c (ork) s 11 r 98 c 1 r (eing) s 12 r (done,) s 12 r (the) s 12 r (information) s 224 2181 p (stored) s 14 r (on) s 14 r (the) s 13 r (computer,) s 14 r (and) s 14 r (the) s 14 r (users) s 13 r (of) s 14 r (the) s 14 r (system.) s 19 r (It) s 14 r (also) s 14 r (means) s 14 r (that) s 13 r (the) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 224 2237 p (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 20 r (system) s 19 r (do) s 2 r (es) s 19 r (not) s 20 r (need) s 19 r (to) s 20 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 20 r (run) s 20 r (as) s 19 r 97 c 20 r (privileged) s 19 r (user,) s 21 r (and) s 20 r (it) s 19 r (is) s 20 r (less) s 224 2294 p (lik) s (ely) s 14 r (to) s 15 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 16 r 98 c 1 r 111 c 1 r (ob) s (y-trapp) s (ed) s 15 r 98 c 121 c 14 r 97 c 15 r 118 c -1 r (andal.) s 960 2577 p 55 c @eop 6 @bop0 (cmss10.329) @sf [<07803E0007C03E0007C07E000EC077000EC077000EE077001EE0E7801E60E7801E60E7801C70E3803C71E3C03C71C3C03C31 C3C07839C1E0783BC1E0783B81E0781B81E0F01F80F0F01F80F0F01F00F0> 32 20 -1 0 31.060] 119 @dc [<E0606030301878787878> 8 10 -3 6 12.626] 44 @dc [<07C7800FF7801FFF803E1F80780F80780780F00780F00780F00780F00780F00780F00780F00780F807807807807C07803E1F 801FFF800FF78007C780000780000780000780000780000780000780000780000780000780000780000780000780> 24 32 -2 0 23.484] 100 @dc (cmbx10.329) @sf [<3FF9FFC03FF9FFC007C03E0007C03E0007C03E0007C03E0007C03E0007C03E0007C03E0007C03E0007C03E0007C03E0007C0 3E0007C03E0007C03E0007C03E0007C03E0007C03E00FFFFFE00FFFFFE0007C1FE0007C0000007C0000007C0000007C03800 07C07C0007C07C0003E07C0001E07C0000F81C00007FF800000FE000> 32 32 0 0 29.040] 12 @dc [<FFE0FFE01F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00 1F001F001F001F001F00FF00FF00> 16 32 -2 0 14.520] 108 @dc [<FFE000FFE0001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F1F801F7FE01FC1F81F80FC1F007C1F007E1F003E1F00 3F1F003F1F003F1F003F1F003F1F003F1F003E1F007E1F007E1F80FC1FE1F8FF7FF0FF1FC0> 24 29 -2 9 29.040] 112 @dc [<0030018000007803C000007803C000007803C00000FC07E00000FC07E00001F60FB00001F60F300001F60F300003E31E1800 03E31E180007C1BE0C0007C1BC0C0007C1BC0C000F80F806000F80F806001F00F803001F00F00300FFE7FE1FE0FFE7FE1FE0> 40 20 -1 0 37.751] 119 @dc (cmss10.329) @sf [<7C00007E00007F000007800003800001C00001C00001C00000E00000E00001F00001F00003B00003B80003B800073800073C 000F1C000F1C000E1E001E1E001E0F003C0F003C0F007C0780780780780780F003C0F003C0> 24 29 -1 9 20.959] 121 @dc [<F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F1E000F7F800FFFC00FC3E00F81F00F00F00F00F00F007 80F00780F00780F00780F00780F00780F00F80F00F00F81F00FC3E00FFFE00F7FC00F1F000> 24 29 -3 9 23.484] 112 @dc [<FFC0FFC0FFC0> 16 3 -1 -9 15.151] 45 @dc (cmr10.329) @sf [<7FFFFFE0FFFFFFF00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FFFFFFF07FFFFFE0> 32 12 -3 -5 35.353] 61 @dc (cmti10.329) @sf [<030000030000030000010000010000E18700718E001C9C0006B00001E00001E0000358000E4E001C63803861C00020000020 00003000003000003000> 24 20 -8 -14 23.232] 42 @dc 6 @bop1 (cmr10.329) @sf 224 307 p (common) s 21 r (commands) s 21 r 40 c (cmss10.329) @sf 97 c (wk,) s 21 r (sed) s (cmr10.329) @sf 44 c 22 r (etc.\),) s 23 r (and) s 21 r (when) s 21 r (necessary) s -3 r 44 c 21 r (small,) s 23 r (hea) s -1 r (vily-) s 224 364 p (commen) s (ted) s 14 r 67 c 15 r (programs.) s (cmbx12.300) @sf 224 483 p (2.2) s 56 r (Structure) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 224 569 p (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 14 r (is) s 14 r (structured) s 13 r (as) s 14 r 97 c 14 r (dozen) s 13 r (sub-programs) s 14 r (in) s 118 c -2 r (ok) s -1 r (ed) s 13 r 98 c 121 c 12 r 97 c 14 r (shell) s 14 r (script.) s 19 r (That) s 224 626 p (top-lev) s (el) s 15 r (script) s 17 r (collects) s 17 r (an) s -1 r 121 c 16 r (output) s 16 r (from) s 17 r (the) s 16 r (subprograms) s 17 r (and) s 17 r (either) s 16 r (mails) s 224 682 p (the) s 13 r (information) s 12 r (to) s 13 r (the) s 13 r (lo) s 1 r (cal) s 13 r (administrator) s 12 r (or) s 13 r (else) s 12 r (logs) s 13 r (it) s 13 r (to) s 12 r 97 c 13 r (\014le.) s 19 r 65 c 13 r (separate) s 224 738 p (program) s 16 r (that) s 15 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r (ks) s 14 r (for) s 15 r (SUID) s 16 r (\014les) s 15 r (is) s 16 r (usually) s 15 r (run) s 16 r (indep) s 1 r (enden) s (tly) s 14 r 98 c 1 r (ecause) s 16 r (of) s 224 795 p (the) s 15 r (amoun) s 116 c 15 r (of) s 15 r (time) s 15 r (required) s 16 r (for) s 15 r (it) s 15 r (to) s 16 r (searc) s -1 r 104 c 15 r (through) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (\014lesystems.) s 21 r (All) s 15 r (of) s 224 851 p (the) s 16 r (to) s 2 r (ols) s 16 r (except) s 16 r (the) s 16 r (SUID) s 16 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r 107 c -2 r (er) s 16 r (are) s 16 r (not) s 16 r (mean) s 116 c 15 r (to) s 16 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 16 r (run) s 16 r (as) s 17 r (user) s 16 r (ro) s 1 r (ot) s 16 r (or) s 224 908 p (an) s 121 c 14 r (other) s 15 r (privileged) s 15 r (accoun) s (t.) s 295 964 p (Please) s 10 r (note) s 10 r (that) s 10 r (the) s 11 r (descriptions) s 10 r (of) s 10 r (the) s 10 r (to) s 1 r (ols) s 11 r (pro) s -1 r (vided) s 10 r (here) s 10 r (do) s 10 r (not) s 10 r (con) s (tain) s 224 1021 p (an) s 121 c 10 r (detailed) s 12 r (explanation) s 12 r (of) s 11 r (wh) s 121 c 10 r (the) s 12 r (to) s 1 r (ols) s 12 r 99 c -1 r (hec) s -1 r 107 c 11 r (what) s 11 r (they) s 12 r (do.) s 19 r (In) s 11 r (most) s 12 r (cases,) s 224 1077 p (the) s 11 r (reason) s 12 r (is) s 11 r (ob) s (vious) s 10 r (to) s 11 r (an) s 121 c -2 r (one) s 11 r (familiar) s 11 r (with) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 11 r (Unix) s (cmr10.329) @sf 46 c 19 r (In) s 11 r (those) s 11 r (cases) s 12 r (where) s 11 r (it) s 11 r (is) s 224 1134 p (not) s 13 r (ob) s (vious,) s 12 r (the) s 13 r (bibliographic) s 13 r (material) s 13 r (at) s 13 r (the) s 12 r (end) s 13 r (of) s 13 r (this) s 13 r (pap) s 1 r (er) s 13 r (ma) s 121 c 12 r (pro) s (vide) s 224 1190 p (adequate) s 21 r (explanations.) s 35 r 87 c -2 r 101 c 19 r (ap) s 1 r (ologize) s 21 r (if) s 20 r (the) s 20 r (reasons) s 21 r (are) s 20 r (not) s 21 r (explained) s 20 r (to) s 224 1247 p 121 c (our) s 19 r (satisfaction,) s 20 r (but) s 20 r 119 c 101 c 19 r (do) s 19 r (not) s 20 r (wish) s 20 r (to) s 19 r (pro) s (vide) s 19 r (detailed) s 20 r (information) s 19 r (for) s 224 1303 p 112 c 1 r (oten) s (tial) s 14 r (system) s 15 r (crac) s 107 c -1 r (ers) s 14 r (who) s 15 r (migh) s 116 c 14 r (ha) s 118 c -1 r 101 c 14 r (our) s 15 r (system.) s 295 1359 p (These) s 15 r (are) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (individual) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (programs) s 16 r (that) s 15 r (comprise) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 15 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 58 c (cmbx10.329) @sf 247 1450 p (dir.c) s -1 r (hec) s -1 r (k,) s 13 r (\014le.c) s (hk) s (cmr10.329) @sf 11 r (These) s 13 r 116 c 119 c -2 r 111 c 12 r (programs) s 12 r 99 c (hec) s -1 r 107 c 11 r 97 c 13 r (list) s 12 r (of) s 13 r (directories) s 12 r (and) s 13 r (\014les) s 338 1507 p (\(resp) s 1 r (ectiv) s (ely\)) s 14 r (listed) s 15 r (in) s 14 r 97 c 15 r (con\014guration) s 15 r (\014le) s 15 r (to) s 15 r (ensure) s 15 r (that) s 15 r (they) s 14 r (are) s 15 r (not) s 338 1563 p 119 c (orld-writable.) s 17 r 84 c (ypically) s -4 r 44 c 11 r (the) s 11 r (\014les) s 11 r 99 c (hec) s -2 r 107 c -1 r (ed) s 10 r 119 c (ould) s 10 r (include) s (cmti10.329) @sf 11 r (/etc/p) s -2 r (asswd,) s 338 1620 p (/.pr) s -2 r (o\014le,) s 13 r (/etc/r) s -1 r 99 c (cmr10.329) @sf 44 c 12 r (and) s 12 r (other) s 12 r 107 c (ey) s 11 r (\014les;) s 13 r (directories) s 12 r (migh) s -1 r 116 c 12 r (include) s (cmti10.329) @sf 12 r (/,) s 14 r (/bin,) s 338 1676 p (/usr/adm,) s 16 r (/etc) s (cmr10.329) @sf 15 r (and) s 15 r (other) s 16 r (critical) s 15 r (directories.) s (cmbx10.329) @sf 247 1766 p (pass.c) s -1 r (hk) s (cmr10.329) @sf 19 r (This) s 20 r (program) s 19 r (searc) s (hes) s 19 r (for) s 19 r (and) s 20 r (detects) s 20 r 112 c 1 r 111 c 1 r (or) s 20 r (passw) s (ord) s 18 r 99 c (hoices.) s 338 1822 p (This) s 22 r (includes) s 23 r (passw) s (ords) s 21 r (iden) s (tical) s 21 r (to) s 23 r (the) s 22 r (login) s 23 r (or) s 22 r (user) s 23 r (name,) s 24 r (some) s 338 1878 p (common) s 22 r 119 c -1 r (ords,) s 23 r (etc.) s 40 r (This) s 22 r (uses) s 21 r (the) s 22 r (standard) s 22 r (library) s 22 r (crypt) s 21 r (routine,) s 338 1935 p (although) s 16 r (the) s 16 r (system) s 16 r (administrator) s 16 r (can) s 16 r (link) s 16 r (in) s 16 r 97 c 16 r (faster) s 16 r 118 c (ersion,) s 15 r (if) s 16 r (one) s 338 1991 p (is) s 15 r 97 c 118 c -3 r (ailable) s 14 r (lo) s 2 r (cally) s -3 r 46 c (cmbx10.329) @sf 247 2081 p (group.c) s -1 r (hk,) s 11 r (passwd.c) s (hk) s (cmr10.329) @sf 9 r (These) s 10 r 116 c 119 c -2 r 111 c 9 r (to) s 2 r (ols) s 10 r 99 c -1 r (hec) s -1 r 107 c 9 r (the) s 10 r (passw) s (ord) s 9 r (\014le) s 10 r 40 c (cmti10.329) @sf (/etc/p) s -1 r (asswd) s (cmr10.329) @sf 338 2137 p (and) s (cmss10.329) @sf 12 r (yppasswd) s (cmr10.329) @sf 11 r (output,) s 13 r (if) s 12 r (applicable\)) s 12 r (and) s 11 r (group) s 12 r (\014le) s 12 r 40 c (cmti10.329) @sf 12 r (/etc/gr) s -2 r (oup) s (cmr10.329) @sf 11 r (and) s (cmss10.329) @sf 12 r (yp-) s 338 2194 p (group) s (cmr10.329) @sf 16 r (output,) s 16 r (if) s 17 r (applicable\)) s 16 r (for) s 16 r 97 c 16 r 118 c -1 r (ariet) s -2 r 121 c 16 r (of) s 16 r (problems) s 16 r (including) s 16 r (blank) s 338 2250 p (lines,) s 24 r 110 c (ull) s 21 r (passw) s (ords,) s 23 r (non-standard) s 23 r (\014eld) s 22 r (en) s (tries,) s 23 r (non-ro) s 1 r (ot) s 23 r (accoun) s (ts) s 338 2307 p (with) s 15 r (uid=0,) s 15 r (and) s 15 r (other) s 15 r (common) s 16 r (problems.) s (cmbx10.329) @sf 247 2396 p (cron.c) s -1 r (hk,) s 12 r (rc.c) s -1 r (hk) s (cmr10.329) @sf 10 r (These) s 11 r (programs) s 11 r (ensure) s 11 r (that) s 11 r (none) s 10 r (of) s 11 r (the) s 11 r (\014les) s 11 r (or) s 11 r (programs) s 338 2452 p (that) s 19 r (are) s 19 r (run) s 20 r 98 c -1 r 121 c (cmss10.329) @sf 19 r (cron) s (cmr10.329) @sf 19 r (or) s 19 r (that) s 20 r (are) s 19 r (referenced) s 19 r (in) s 19 r (the) s (cmti10.329) @sf 20 r (/etc/r) s -2 r (c*) s (cmr10.329) @sf 19 r (\014les) s 19 r (are) s 960 2577 p 54 c @eop 5 @bop0 [ 329 ] /cmsy10.329 @newfont (cmsy10.329) @sf [<03C00FF01FF83FFC7FFE7FFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7FFE7FFE3FFC1FF80FF003C0> 16 18 -3 -2 22.727] 15 @dc 5 @bop1 (cmr10.329) @sf 338 307 p (to) s 16 r (that) s 17 r (of) s 16 r 97 c 17 r (regular) s 16 r (user.) s 25 r (As) s 16 r 97 c 17 r (result,) s 17 r (this) s 16 r (lessens) s 17 r (the) s 16 r (temptation) s 17 r (for) s 338 364 p (an) s 18 r (in) s (truder) s 17 r (to) s 19 r (mo) s 1 r (dify) s 18 r (the) s 18 r (co) s 2 r (de) s 18 r (in) s 18 r (an) s 19 r (attempt) s 18 r (to) s 18 r (mak) s 101 c 18 r (surreptitious) s 338 420 p 99 c (hanges) s 14 r (to) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (system.) s (cmsy10.329) @sf 292 514 p 15 c (cmr10.329) @sf 23 r (While) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 11 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 11 r (should) s 12 r (notify) s 11 r (the) s 11 r (administrator) s 11 r (that) s 11 r (there) s 11 r (ma) s 121 c 10 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 12 r 97 c 11 r 119 c -1 r (eak-) s 338 570 p (ness,) s 17 r (it) s 17 r (do) s 1 r (es) s 17 r (not) s 16 r (describ) s 2 r 101 c 16 r (wh) s 121 c 16 r (this) s 17 r (is) s 16 r 97 c 17 r (problem) s 17 r (or) s 17 r (ho) s -1 r 119 c 16 r (to) s 17 r (exploit) s 17 r (it.) s 338 627 p (Suc) s 104 c 15 r (descriptions) s 16 r (should) s 16 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 16 r (found) s 16 r (in) s 16 r (alternativ) s 101 c 15 r (sources) s 16 r (that) s 16 r (are) s 16 r (not) s 338 683 p (em) s 98 c (edded) s 20 r (in) s 20 r (the) s 21 r (program.) s 35 r (Th) s (us,) s 21 r 97 c 20 r (determined) s 20 r (attac) s 107 c -1 r (er) s 19 r (migh) s 116 c 19 r (run) s 338 740 p (the) s 17 r (program,) s 17 r (migh) s 116 c 16 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 17 r (able) s 17 r (to) s 17 r (read) s 17 r (the) s 17 r (output,) s 17 r (but) s 17 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 17 r (una) s 119 c -1 r (are) s 16 r (of) s 17 r 97 c 338 796 p (metho) s 1 r 100 c 15 r (to) s 15 r (exploit) s 16 r (an) s -1 r (ything) s 14 r (that) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 16 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 15 r (rep) s 1 r (orts) s 15 r (it) s 15 r (has) s 15 r (found.) s (cmsy10.329) @sf 292 890 p 15 c (cmcsc10.329) @sf 23 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 13 r (should) s 12 r (not) s 12 r (include) s 13 r (an) s 121 c 11 r (to) s 1 r (ols) s 13 r (whose) s 12 r (use) s 13 r 98 c -1 r 121 c 12 r (determined) s 12 r (attac) s 107 c -1 r (ers,) s 338 946 p (either) s 17 r (standalone) s 18 r (or) s 18 r (as) s 17 r (part) s 18 r (of) s 17 r (the) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 18 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 18 r (system,) s 18 r 119 c (ould) s 16 r (giv) s 101 c 16 r (them) s 18 r 97 c (cmti10.329) @sf 338 1003 p (signi\014c) s -2 r (ant) s (cmr10.329) @sf 12 r (adv) s -2 r (an) s -1 r (tage) s 11 r (at) s 12 r (\014nding) s 13 r 97 c 12 r 119 c 97 c -1 r 121 c 11 r (to) s 12 r (break) s 12 r (in) s (to) s 11 r (the) s 13 r (system) s 12 r 98 c 1 r (ey) s (ond) s 338 1059 p (what) s 17 r (they) s 17 r (migh) s 116 c 16 r (already) s 18 r (ha) s -1 r 118 c -1 r 101 c 17 r (in) s 17 r (their) s 17 r 112 c 1 r (ossession.) s 27 r (Th) s (us,) s 17 r 97 c 17 r (passw) s (ord) s 338 1116 p 99 c (hec) s -2 r (king) s 16 r (to) s 2 r (ol,) s 17 r (as) s 17 r 119 c (as) s 16 r (previously) s 17 r (describ) s 1 r (ed,) s 18 r (is) s 17 r (included,) s 18 r (but) s 17 r (the) s 17 r (algo-) s 338 1172 p (rithm) s 16 r (utilized) s 16 r (is) s 16 r (simply) s 16 r (what) s 15 r (is) s 16 r (already) s 16 r (presen) s 116 c 15 r (in) s 16 r (the) s 16 r (system) s 16 r (library) s 338 1229 p (of) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (target) s 15 r (system.) s (cmsy10.329) @sf 292 1323 p 15 c (cmcsc10.329) @sf 23 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 20 r (should) s 21 r (consist) s 20 r (of) s 21 r (to) s 1 r (ols) s 20 r (and) s 21 r (metho) s 1 r (ds) s 20 r (that) s 21 r (are) s 20 r (simple) s 20 r (to) s 21 r (read,) s 338 1379 p (understand,) s 19 r (and) s 18 r (to) s 19 r (utilize.) s 30 r (By) s 18 r (creating) s 19 r (the) s 18 r (to) s 1 r (ols) s 19 r (in) s 18 r (suc) s 104 c 17 r 97 c 19 r (manner,) s 338 1435 p (an) s 121 c 16 r (system) s 18 r (administrator) s 17 r (can) s 18 r (read) s 17 r (and) s 18 r (understand) s 17 r (the) s 18 r (system.) s 27 r (Not) s 338 1492 p (only) s 16 r (do) s 1 r (es) s 17 r (this) s 16 r (mak) s 101 c 15 r (it) s 16 r (easier) s 17 r (to) s 16 r (mo) s 1 r (dify) s 16 r (the) s 17 r (system) s 16 r (for) s 16 r (particular) s 17 r (site) s 338 1548 p (needs,) s 17 r (but) s 17 r (it) s 17 r (allo) s (ws) s 15 r (reexamination) s 17 r (of) s 17 r (the) s 17 r (co) s 1 r (de) s 17 r (at) s 17 r (an) s 121 c 16 r (time) s 17 r (to) s 17 r (ensure) s 338 1605 p (the) s 15 r (absence) s 15 r (of) s 15 r (an) s 121 c 14 r 84 c -3 r (ro) s 2 r (jan) s 15 r (horse) s 15 r (or) s 15 r (logic) s 15 r 98 c 2 r (om) s -1 r (b.) s (cmsy10.329) @sf 292 1699 p 15 c (cmr10.329) @sf 23 r (The) s 21 r (system) s 21 r (should) s 22 r (not) s 21 r (require) s 21 r 97 c 21 r (securit) s 121 c 20 r (clearance,) s 23 r (exp) s 1 r (ort) s 21 r (license,) s 338 1755 p (execution) s 15 r (of) s 16 r 97 c 16 r (soft) s 119 c -2 r (are) s 15 r (license,) s 16 r (or) s 16 r (other) s 15 r (restriction) s 16 r (on) s 16 r (use.) s 21 r 70 c -2 r (or) s 14 r (maxi-) s 338 1811 p 109 c (um) s 15 r (e\013ectiv) s (eness,) s 15 r (the) s 17 r (system) s 16 r (should) s 17 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 16 r (widely) s 17 r (circulated) s 16 r (and) s 17 r (freely) s 338 1868 p 97 c 118 c -3 r (ailable.) s 22 r 65 c 116 c 15 r (the) s 16 r (same) s 16 r (time,) s 16 r (users) s 16 r (making) s 16 r (site-sp) s 1 r (eci\014c) s 16 r (enhancemen) s (ts) s 338 1924 p (or) s 17 r (including) s 17 r (proprietary) s 18 r (co) s 1 r (de) s 17 r (for) s 18 r (lo) s 1 r (cal) s 17 r (soft) s 119 c -1 r (are) s 16 r (should) s 18 r (not) s 17 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 18 r (forced) s 338 1981 p (to) s 15 r (disclose) s 15 r (their) s 15 r 99 c -1 r (hanges.) s 20 r (Th) s -1 r (us,) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 14 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 15 r (is) s 15 r (built) s 15 r (from) s 15 r (new) s 15 r (co) s 2 r (de) s 14 r (without) s 338 2037 p (licensing) s 19 r (restrictions) s 20 r (or) s 19 r (onerous) s 19 r (\\cop) s (yleft,") s 20 r (and) s 19 r 98 c 1 r (ears) s 20 r (no) s 19 r (restriction) s 338 2094 p (on) s 15 r (distribution) s 14 r (or) s 15 r (use) s 15 r 98 c 1 r (ey) s (ond) s 14 r (prev) s -1 r (en) s -1 r (ting) s 14 r (it) s 15 r (from) s 14 r 98 c 2 r (eing) s 14 r (sold) s 15 r (as) s 15 r 97 c 15 r (com-) s 338 2150 p (mercial) s 15 r (pro) s 1 r (duct.) s (cmsy10.329) @sf 292 2244 p 15 c (cmcsc10.329) @sf 23 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 13 r (should) s 12 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 12 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 12 r (written) s 13 r (to) s 13 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 13 r 112 c 1 r (ortable) s 13 r (to) s 12 r (as) s 13 r (wide) s 13 r 97 c 12 r 118 c -1 r (ariet) s -1 r 121 c 11 r (of) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 13 r (Unix) s (cmr10.329) @sf 338 2300 p (systems) s 15 r (as) s 15 r 112 c 1 r (ossible,) s 16 r (with) s 15 r (little) s 15 r (or) s 15 r (no) s 15 r (mo) s 1 r (di\014cation.) s 295 2394 p (In) s 21 r (order) s 21 r (to) s 22 r (maximize) s 21 r 112 c 2 r (ortabilit) s -1 r 121 c -4 r 44 c 22 r (\015exibilit) s 121 c -4 r 44 c 22 r (and) s 22 r (readabilit) s -1 r 121 c -3 r 44 c 22 r (the) s 21 r (pro-) s 224 2451 p (grams) s 16 r (that) s 16 r (mak) s 101 c 14 r (up) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 16 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 16 r (are) s 16 r (written) s 16 r (as) s 16 r (simple) s 15 r (Bourne) s 16 r (shell) s 16 r (scripts) s 16 r (using) s 960 2577 p 53 c @eop 4 @bop0 (cmbx10.432) @sf [<FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF807FFFFFC03FFFFFC01FFFFFC00FFFFFC0070001C0038001C001C001C000E000E0007000E0003C 00E0001E0000000F0000000780000003E0000003F0000001F8000000FC000000FE0000007F0000007F8000003FC000003FC0 00003FE03C003FE07E001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF003FE0FF003FC0FE003FC07C007F803800FF001F03FE000FFFFC0003FF F00000FF8000> 32 39 -3 0 34.370] 50 @dc [<FFFFFFFC0000FFFFFFFF8000FFFFFFFFE00003FC001FF80003FC0003FC0003FC0001FE0003FC00007F0003FC00007F8003FC 00003FC003FC00001FC003FC00001FE003FC00001FE003FC00000FF003FC00000FF003FC00000FF003FC00000FF803FC0000 0FF803FC00000FF803FC00000FF803FC00000FF803FC00000FF803FC00000FF803FC00000FF803FC00000FF803FC00000FF8 03FC00000FF003FC00000FF003FC00000FF003FC00000FF003FC00001FE003FC00001FE003FC00001FC003FC00003FC003FC 00007F8003FC0000FF0003FC0001FE0003FC0007FC0003FC001FF800FFFFFFFFE000FFFFFFFF8000FFFFFFF80000> 48 41 -3 0 52.717] 68 @dc [<C01FF000E0FFFE00F3FFFF00FFE01F80FF0007C0FC0003E0F80003F0F00001F0F00001F0E00001F8E00001F8E00001F86000 01F8000003F8000007F800000FF800007FF00007FFF000FFFFE003FFFFE007FFFFC00FFFFF801FFFFE003FFFFC007FFFE000 7FFE0000FFC00000FF000000FE0000E0FE0000E0FC0000E0FC0001E0FC0001E07C0001E07C0003E03E0007E01F001FE00F80 7FE007FFF9E003FFF0E0007F8060> 32 41 -4 0 38.189] 83 @dc 4 @bop1 (cmr10.329) @sf 224 307 p (cen) s 116 c 17 r 98 c 121 c 17 r (running) s 18 r (this) s 18 r (passw) s (ord) s 17 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 18 r (if) s 18 r (it) s 19 r (con) s -1 r (tin) s -1 r (ually) s 17 r (rep) s 1 r (orts) s 19 r (that) s 18 r (there) s 18 r (are) s 224 364 p (no) s 18 r 119 c (eak) s 17 r (passw) s -1 r (ords) s 17 r (found.) s 28 r (The) s 18 r (administrator) s 18 r (ma) s 121 c 16 r (not) s 18 r (mak) s 101 c 17 r (an) s -1 r 121 c 17 r (e\013ort) s 18 r (to) s 224 420 p (enhance) s 14 r (the) s 14 r (qualit) s 121 c 12 r (or) s 14 r (size) s 14 r (of) s 14 r (the) s 14 r (dictionary) s -3 r 44 c 13 r (or) s 14 r (to) s 14 r (pro) s -1 r (vide) s 13 r (other) s 14 r (trac) s (king) s 13 r (or) s 224 477 p (audit) s 18 r (mec) s -1 r (hanisms) s 17 r (to) s 18 r (observ) s -1 r 101 c 17 r (individuals) s 18 r (who) s 17 r (ma) s 121 c 16 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 17 r (attempting) s 18 r (to) s 17 r (guess) s 224 533 p (passw) s (ords) s 14 r (or) s 15 r (break) s 15 r (in) s (to) s 14 r (accoun) s (ts.) s 295 589 p 70 c -3 r (or) s 17 r (all) s 19 r (of) s 18 r (these) s 19 r (reasons,) s 19 r (suc) s 104 c 17 r 97 c 19 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 18 r (migh) s 116 c 17 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 18 r (considered) s 19 r (to) s 18 r (lessen) s 18 r (the) s 224 646 p 111 c 118 c -1 r (erall) s 17 r (securit) s -1 r 121 c 17 r (of) s 18 r (the) s 18 r (system) s 18 r (rather) s 18 r (than) s 18 r (to) s 18 r (enhance) s 18 r (it.) s 29 r (That) s 18 r (should) s 18 r (not) s 224 702 p (prev) s (en) s -1 r 116 c 11 r (us) s 13 r (from) s 13 r (dev) s (eloping) s 11 r (securit) s 121 c 12 r (to) s 1 r (ols,) s 13 r (ho) s 119 c -1 r (ev) s -1 r (er.) s 18 r (Instead,) s 13 r (the) s 13 r 99 c (hallenge) s 12 r (is) s 224 759 p (to) s 14 r (build) s 14 r (to) s 1 r (ols) s 14 r (that) s 14 r (enhance) s 14 r (securit) s -1 r 121 c 13 r (without) s 14 r 112 c 1 r (osing) s 14 r (to) s 2 r 111 c 13 r (great) s 14 r 97 c 14 r (threat) s 14 r (when) s 224 815 p (emplo) s 121 c -1 r (ed) s 14 r 98 c 121 c 14 r (an) s 15 r (enem) s 121 c -4 r 46 c (cmbx10.432) @sf 224 957 p 50 c 69 r (Design) s 23 r (and) s 23 r (Structure) s (cmbx12.300) @sf 224 1060 p (2.1) s 56 r (Design) s (cmr10.329) @sf 224 1146 p (Although) s 12 r (there) s 12 r (is) s 12 r (no) s 12 r (reasonable) s 12 r 119 c -1 r 97 c -1 r 121 c 11 r (that) s 12 r (all) s 12 r (securit) s 121 c 11 r (problems) s 11 r (can) s 12 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 12 r (solv) s -1 r (ed) s 224 1202 p (on) s 18 r (an) s -1 r 121 c 17 r (arbitrary) s 17 r (system,) s 18 r (administrators) s 18 r (and) s 17 r (systems) s 18 r (programmers) s 17 r (can) s 18 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 224 1259 p (assisted) s 13 r 98 c 121 c 12 r 97 c 14 r (soft) s -1 r 119 c -1 r (are) s 12 r (securit) s 121 c 13 r (to) s 1 r (ol.) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 19 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 14 r (is) s 13 r (an) s 13 r (attempt) s 13 r (to) s 14 r (address) s 13 r (as) s 13 r (man) s 121 c 224 1315 p 112 c 1 r (oten) s (tial) s 16 r (securit) s 121 c 16 r (problems) s 17 r (as) s 17 r 112 c 1 r (ossible) s 17 r (in) s 17 r (an) s 17 r (e\016cien) s (t,) s 16 r 112 c 2 r (ortable,) s 17 r (and) s 17 r (ab) s 1 r 111 c 118 c -1 r 101 c 224 1372 p (all,) s 15 r (in) s 16 r 97 c 15 r (reliable) s 15 r (and) s 15 r (safe) s 16 r 119 c -1 r 97 c -1 r 121 c -4 r 46 c 20 r (The) s 15 r (main) s 15 r (goal) s 15 r (of) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 16 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 15 r (is) s 15 r (one) s 15 r (of) s 16 r (prev) s -1 r (en) s -1 r (tion;) s 224 1428 p (it) s 14 r (tries) s 15 r (to) s 14 r (an) s (ticipate) s 13 r (and) s 14 r (eliminate) s 15 r (securit) s 121 c 13 r (problems) s 14 r 98 c 121 c 13 r (detecting) s 14 r (problems) s 224 1485 p (and) s 22 r (den) s (ying) s 21 r (enemies) s 22 r (an) s 21 r (opp) s 2 r (ortunit) s -1 r 121 c 21 r (to) s 22 r (compromise) s 22 r (securit) s 121 c 21 r (in) s 22 r (the) s 22 r (\014rst) s 224 1541 p (place.) s 295 1598 p (The) s 15 r 112 c 1 r (oten) s (tial) s 14 r (securit) s 121 c 14 r (hazards) s 15 r (that) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 16 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 15 r 99 c (hec) s -2 r (ks) s 15 r (for) s 15 r 119 c (ere) s 14 r (selected) s 15 r (from) s 224 1654 p (readings) s 13 r (of) s 13 r 97 c 13 r 118 c -1 r (ariet) s -2 r 121 c 12 r (of) s 13 r (securit) s 121 c 12 r (pap) s 1 r (ers) s 13 r (and) s 13 r 98 c 2 r 111 c 1 r (oks) s 13 r (\(see) s 13 r (the) s 13 r (references) s 13 r (section) s 224 1711 p (at) s 15 r (the) s 14 r (end) s 15 r (of) s 14 r (the) s 15 r (pap) s 1 r (er\),) s 14 r (from) s 15 r (in) s (terviews) s 13 r (with) s 15 r (exp) s 1 r (erienced) s 14 r (system) s 15 r (adminis-) s 224 1767 p (trators,) s 15 r (and) s 15 r (from) s 16 r (rep) s 1 r (orts) s 15 r (of) s 15 r (actual) s 15 r (system) s 15 r (breakins.) s 295 1823 p 87 c -3 r 101 c 13 r (applied) s 14 r (the) s 14 r (follo) s (wing) s 13 r (imp) s 1 r (ortan) s 116 c 13 r (guiding) s 14 r (principles) s 14 r (to) s 14 r (the) s 14 r (design) s 14 r (and) s 224 1880 p (dev) s (elopmen) s -1 r 116 c 14 r (of) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 15 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 58 c (cmsy10.329) @sf 292 1966 p 15 c (cmcsc10.329) @sf 23 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 15 r (should) s 15 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 15 r (con\014gurable) s 15 r (so) s 15 r (that) s 15 r (new) s 15 r (to) s 2 r (ols) s 15 r (could) s 15 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 15 r (added) s 16 r (or) s 15 r (the) s 338 2023 p (existing) s 21 r (to) s 1 r (ols) s 21 r (altered) s 21 r (to) s 22 r (meet) s 21 r (the) s 21 r (securit) s 121 c 20 r (needs) s 21 r (of) s 21 r (the) s 21 r (installation) s 338 2079 p (on) s 17 r (whic) s -1 r 104 c 16 r (it) s 17 r (is) s 17 r (run.) s 25 r (Since) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 16 r (Unix) s (cmr10.329) @sf 17 r (is) s 17 r (so) s 17 r (dynamic,) s 17 r (it) s 17 r 109 c (ust) s 15 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 16 r 112 c 2 r (ossible) s 16 r (to) s 338 2136 p (incorp) s 1 r (orate) s 12 r 98 c 2 r (oth) s 12 r (new) s 13 r (to) s 1 r (ols) s 12 r (and) s 13 r (metho) s 1 r (ds) s 12 r (in) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 13 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 12 r (as) s 13 r (the) s 12 r (need) s 12 r (for) s 13 r (them) s 338 2192 p 98 c 1 r (ecomes) s 15 r (apparen) s (t.) s (cmsy10.329) @sf 292 2283 p 15 c (cmcsc10.329) @sf 23 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 11 r (should) s 10 r (con) s (tain) s 9 r (no) s 11 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 11 r (that) s 10 r (attempts) s 11 r (to) s 10 r (\014x) s 11 r (an) s 121 c 9 r (securit) s 121 c 9 r (problems) s 338 2340 p (that) s 22 r (are) s 21 r (disco) s 118 c -1 r (ered.) s 39 r (Because) s (cmcsc10.329) @sf 21 r (Cops) s (cmr10.329) @sf 22 r (mak) s (es) s 21 r (no) s 21 r (mo) s 2 r (di\014cations) s 21 r (to) s 22 r (the) s 338 2396 p (system,) s 15 r (it) s 15 r (is) s 15 r (not) s 15 r (required) s 15 r (that) s 15 r (it) s 15 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 15 r (run) s 15 r (with) s 15 r (an) s 121 c 14 r (particular) s 15 r (privilege,) s 338 2452 p (and) s 20 r (man) s -1 r 121 c 19 r (of) s 20 r (the) s 20 r (to) s 2 r (ols) s 20 r (can) s 20 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 20 r (run) s 20 r (with) s 20 r (privilege) s 20 r (less) s 20 r (than) s 20 r (or) s 20 r (equal) s 960 2577 p 52 c @eop 3 @bop0 3 @bop1 (cmr10.329) @sf 224 307 p (that) s 21 r (guides) s 21 r (them) s 21 r (in) s 21 r (the) s 21 r (application) s 21 r (of) s 21 r (securit) s 121 c 20 r (measures) s 21 r (appropriate) s 21 r (for) s 224 364 p (their) s 19 r (en) s (vironmen) s -2 r (t.) s 30 r (Suc) s 104 c 17 r 97 c 19 r (system) s 19 r (needs) s 18 r (to) s 19 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 19 r (con\014gurable) s 19 r (so) s 18 r (it) s 19 r (pro) s (vides) s 224 420 p (the) s 16 r (appropriate) s 16 r (lev) s -1 r (el) s 15 r (of) s 16 r (assistance) s 16 r (based) s 15 r (on) s 16 r (the) s 16 r 112 c 1 r (erceiv) s (ed) s 14 r (need) s 16 r (for) s 16 r (securit) s 121 c 224 477 p (in) s 15 r (that) s 14 r (en) s (vironmen) s -1 r (t.) s 19 r (That) s 14 r (system) s 15 r (should) s 14 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 14 r (comprehensiv) s 101 c 13 r (enough) s 15 r (so) s 14 r (that) s 224 533 p (an) s 15 r (un) s (trained) s 15 r (or) s 15 r (inexp) s 1 r (erienced) s 15 r (administrator) s 16 r (is) s 15 r (able) s 15 r (to) s 16 r (deriv) s -1 r 101 c 15 r 97 c 15 r (high) s 15 r (degree) s 224 589 p (of) s 13 r (con\014dence) s 13 r (that) s 13 r (all) s 12 r (appropriate) s 13 r (features) s 13 r (and) s 13 r 119 c -1 r (eaknesses) s 12 r (are) s 13 r (iden) s (ti\014ed) s 12 r (and) s 224 646 p (addressed.) s 295 702 p (Unfortunately) s -3 r 44 c 11 r (suc) s -1 r 104 c 10 r 97 c 11 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 11 r (ma) s 121 c 10 r (also) s 11 r (presen) s 116 c 9 r 97 c 11 r (danger) s 11 r (to) s 11 r (that) s 11 r (same) s 11 r (system) s 224 759 p (administrator.) s 20 r 70 c -2 r (or) s 14 r (instance,) s 15 r (there) s 15 r (could) s 15 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 15 r 97 c 15 r (danger) s 15 r (if) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (to) s 2 r (ol) s 15 r 119 c -1 r (ere) s 14 r (to) s 15 r (fall) s 224 815 p (in) s (to) s 11 r (the) s 13 r (hands) s 12 r (of) s 13 r 97 c 12 r 112 c 1 r (oten) s (tial) s 11 r (attac) s 107 c -1 r (er.) s 18 r (The) s 13 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 12 r (could) s 13 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 12 r (used) s 13 r (to) s 12 r (analyze) s 13 r (the) s 224 872 p (target) s 15 r (system) s 14 r (or) s 14 r (to) s 15 r (pro) s -1 r (vide) s 14 r (clues) s 14 r (for) s 15 r (metho) s 1 r (ds) s 14 r (of) s 15 r (attac) s -1 r (k.) s 19 r 65 c 15 r (second) s 14 r 112 c 1 r (oten) s (tial) s 224 928 p (danger) s 16 r (is) s 17 r (that) s 16 r (the) s 16 r (to) s 2 r (ol) s 16 r (can) s 16 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 16 r (mo) s 1 r (di\014ed) s 17 r 98 c -1 r 121 c 16 r (an) s 16 r (unfriendly) s 16 r (agen) s 116 c 15 r (so) s 17 r (that) s 16 r (the) s 224 985 p (information) s 20 r (it) s 20 r (rep) s 1 r (orts) s 20 r (and) s 20 r (the) s 20 r (actions) s 19 r (that) s 20 r (it) s 20 r (tak) s (es) s 19 r (serv) s -1 r 101 c 19 r (not) s 20 r (to) s 20 r (enhance) s 224 1041 p (the) s 16 r (securit) s -1 r 121 c 15 r (of) s 16 r (the) s 15 r (system,) s 16 r (but) s 15 r (to) s 16 r 119 c (eak) s -2 r (en) s 15 r (it.) s 21 r 65 c 16 r (third) s 15 r 112 c 2 r (ossibilit) s -1 r 121 c 15 r (is) s 15 r (that) s 16 r (the) s 224 1098 p (to) s 1 r (ol) s 17 r (is) s 16 r (not) s 16 r (comprehensiv) s 101 c 15 r (enough,) s 17 r (or) s 16 r (that) s 16 r 99 c (hanges) s 16 r (in) s 16 r (system) s 16 r (op) s 1 r (eration) s 17 r (are) s 224 1154 p (suc) s 104 c 13 r (that) s 14 r (the) s 14 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 14 r (do) s 2 r (es) s 14 r (not) s 14 r (exp) s 1 r (ose) s 14 r (the) s 14 r (securit) s 121 c 13 r (\015a) s (ws) s 13 r (made) s 14 r (presen) s 116 c 13 r 98 c 121 c 13 r (those) s 224 1210 p 99 c (hanges;) s 13 r (the) s 13 r (securit) s 121 c 13 r (administrator,) s 14 r 98 c -1 r 121 c 13 r (relying) s 13 r (on) s 14 r (the) s 13 r (to) s 2 r (ol,) s 13 r (fails) s 14 r (to) s 13 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 13 r 97 c 119 c -1 r (are) s 224 1267 p (of) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (new) s 16 r (dangers) s 15 r (to) s 15 r (his) s 15 r (or) s 15 r (her) s 15 r (system.) s 295 1323 p 65 c 22 r (go) s 1 r 111 c 2 r 100 c 22 r (example) s 22 r (of) s 23 r (all) s 22 r (three) s 23 r (dangers) s 22 r (migh) s 116 c 21 r 98 c 2 r 101 c 22 r (the) s 22 r (dev) s (elopmen) s -1 r 116 c 21 r (and) s 224 1380 p (use) s 18 r (of) s 17 r 97 c 18 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 17 r (that) s 18 r (examines) s 17 r (passw) s (ords) s 16 r (to) s 18 r (see) s 17 r (if) s 18 r (they) s 17 r (can) s 18 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 17 r (easily) s 18 r (guessed) s 224 1436 p 98 c 121 c 17 r (an) s 17 r (attac) s 107 c -1 r (er.) s 27 r (Suc) s 104 c 16 r 97 c 18 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 18 r (migh) s 116 c 17 r (consist) s 17 r (of) s 18 r 97 c 18 r (fast) s 18 r (implemen) s -1 r (tation) s 17 r (of) s 18 r (the) s 224 1493 p (passw) s (ord) s 11 r (encryption) s 12 r (algorithm) s 12 r (used) s 12 r (on) s 12 r 97 c 12 r (particular) s 12 r (mac) s -1 r (hine.) s 18 r (Pro) s (vided) s 11 r (with) s 224 1549 p (this) s 19 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 19 r 119 c -1 r (ould) s 18 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 19 r 97 c 18 r (dictionary) s 19 r (of) s 19 r 119 c -1 r (ords) s 18 r (that) s 18 r 119 c (ould) s 18 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 19 r (compared) s 18 r (against) s 224 1606 p (user) s 18 r (passw) s (ords.) s 27 r 80 c (assw) s -2 r (ords) s 17 r (that) s 18 r (matc) s 104 c 16 r 97 c 18 r 119 c (ord) s 17 r (in) s 17 r (the) s 18 r (dictionary) s 18 r 119 c (ould) s 17 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 224 1662 p (\015agged) s 15 r (as) s 15 r 119 c (eak) s 14 r (passw) s (ords.) s 295 1719 p (Suc) s -1 r 104 c 19 r 97 c 19 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 20 r 119 c -1 r (ould) s 19 r (enable) s 19 r 97 c 19 r (system) s 20 r (administrator) s 19 r (to) s 19 r (notify) s 20 r (users) s 19 r (with) s 224 1775 p 119 c (eak) s 17 r (passw) s (ords) s 17 r (that) s 18 r (they) s 18 r (should) s 19 r 99 c -1 r (ho) s 1 r (ose) s 18 r 97 c 18 r (passw) s (ord) s 17 r (that) s 18 r (is) s 18 r (more) s 19 r (di\016cult) s 224 1831 p (for) s 15 r (an) s 15 r (attac) s 107 c -1 r (er) s 14 r (to) s 15 r (guess.) s 20 r (Ho) s 119 c -1 r (ev) s -1 r (er,) s 14 r (suc) s 104 c 14 r 97 c 15 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 15 r (is) s 15 r 97 c 16 r (danger) s 15 r (to) s 15 r (the) s 15 r 118 c (ery) s 14 r (same) s 224 1888 p (system) s 15 r (it) s 15 r (is) s 15 r (designed) s 15 r (to) s 16 r (protect) s 15 r (should) s 15 r (it) s 15 r (fall) s 15 r (in) s (to) s 14 r (the) s 15 r (hands) s 15 r (of) s 15 r (an) s 15 r (attac) s 107 c -2 r (er:) s 224 1944 p (the) s 17 r (to) s 1 r (ol) s 17 r (could) s 17 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 17 r (used) s 17 r (to) s 16 r 118 c (ery) s 16 r (rapidly) s 17 r (searc) s -1 r 104 c 16 r (through) s 17 r (the) s 17 r (dictionary) s 16 r (in) s 17 r (an) s 224 2001 p (attempt) s 15 r (to) s 15 r (\014nd) s 16 r 97 c 15 r (passw) s -1 r (ord) s 15 r (that) s 15 r (could) s 15 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 15 r (compromised.) s 295 2057 p 65 c 19 r (second) s 19 r 112 c 2 r (oten) s -1 r (tial) s 19 r (danger) s 19 r (is) s 19 r (that) s 19 r (an) s 20 r (attac) s -1 r 107 c -1 r (er) s 19 r (with) s 19 r (su\016cien) s 116 c 18 r (privilege) s 224 2114 p (migh) s 116 c 10 r (alter) s 12 r (the) s 11 r (encryption) s 11 r (algorithm) s 11 r (or) s 12 r (the) s 11 r (in) s (ternal) s 10 r 119 c (orkings) s 10 r (of) s 11 r (the) s 12 r (program) s 224 2170 p (suc) s 104 c 15 r (that) s 15 r (it) s 16 r 119 c -1 r (ould) s 15 r (app) s 1 r (ear) s 16 r (to) s 16 r (run) s 15 r (correctly) s -3 r 44 c 15 r (but) s 16 r 119 c -1 r (ould) s 15 r (fail) s 16 r (to) s 15 r (matc) s 104 c 15 r (certain) s 224 2227 p (passw) s (ords) s 16 r (or) s 17 r (certain) s 17 r (accoun) s (ts.) s 25 r (This) s 17 r 119 c (ould) s 16 r (allo) s 119 c 16 r 97 c 17 r (determined) s 18 r (attac) s -1 r 107 c -1 r (er) s 16 r (to) s 224 2283 p (plan) s 116 c 13 r (an) s 13 r (accoun) s 116 c 13 r (with) s 13 r 97 c 14 r (kno) s (wn) s 12 r (simple) s 14 r (passw) s (ord) s 12 r (that) s 14 r 119 c (ould) s 12 r (not) s 14 r 98 c 1 r 101 c 14 r (detected) s 224 2340 p 98 c 121 c 13 r (the) s 13 r (program.) s 20 r (Alternativ) s (ely) s -4 r 44 c 13 r (an) s 13 r (attac) s 107 c -1 r (er) s 12 r (migh) s 116 c 13 r (mo) s 1 r (dify) s 14 r (suc) s -1 r 104 c 13 r 97 c 14 r (program) s 13 r (to) s 224 2396 p (send) s 15 r (its) s 15 r (output) s 16 r (to) s 15 r (not) s 15 r (only) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (administrator,) s 15 r (but) s 16 r (to) s 15 r (the) s 15 r (attac) s 107 c -2 r (er) s 14 r (as) s 16 r 119 c -1 r (ell.) s 295 2452 p (The) s 16 r (third) s 17 r (problem) s 17 r (is) s 17 r (that) s 16 r (the) s 17 r (system) s 17 r (administrator) s 16 r (ma) s 121 c 16 r (gro) s 119 c 15 r (compla-) s 960 2577 p 51 c @eop 2 @bop0 [ 300 ] /cmr10.300 @newfont (cmr10.300) @sf [<FFC01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C301E781E781D30FCE0> 16 18 -1 0 16.258] 114 @dc [<03E00C181804300270026000E000E000E000E000FFFEE0066006700E300C18180C3003E0> 16 18 -1 0 18.449] 101 @dc [<07C00C301808300470046000E000E000E000E000E000E00060007030307818780C3007E0> 16 18 -2 0 18.449] 99 @dc [<03F0000E1C00180600300300700380600180E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C06001807003803003001806000E1C 0003F000> 24 18 -1 0 20.755] 111 @dc [<FF9FF01C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801E03801D03001C87 00FC7C00> 24 18 -1 0 23.061] 110 @dc [<7F87F80E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01 C0FFFFC00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E01800E03C00703C003018001C180007E00> 24 29 0 0 23.061] 12 @dc [<07F8001C0E00300300600180C000C0C000C0C000C06001C03003801FFF801FFF001FF80018000030000010000013C0000C30 001C3800181800381C00381C00381C00381C001818001C38800C38C003C4C0000380> 24 28 -1 9 20.755] 103 @dc [<03E3F00E1B800C07801C07801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03 80FC1F80> 24 18 -1 0 23.061] 117 @dc [<1F8700304E80603C40E01C40E01C40E01C40601C00701C00381C000F1C0001FC00001C00001C00301C00781C007838003070 001FC000> 24 18 -2 0 20.755] 97 @dc [<10F8001906001E03001C01801C01C01C00C01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00C01C01C01C01801E03001D86 001C7C001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0000FC0000> 24 29 -1 0 23.061] 98 @dc [<FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00 1C001C001C00FC00> 16 29 -1 0 11.531] 108 @dc [<8FC0D060E010C018C0188018803800F80FF03FE07F80F800E010C010C010403030701F90> 16 18 -1 0 16.373] 115 @dc [<03C00E200C101C101C101C101C101C101C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FFE03C001C000C000C00040004000400 0400> 16 26 -1 0 16.143] 116 @dc [<7FE00E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFE00E000E000E000E000E000E000E0C 061E071E018C00F8> 16 29 0 0 12.684] 102 @dc [<FF80001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001CF8001D06001E03001C01801C01C01C01C01C00E01C00E01C00 E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00C01C01C01C01801E03001D8600FC7C00> 24 26 -1 8 23.061] 112 @dc [<FF8FF8FF801C01C01C001C01C01C001C01C01C001C01C01C001C01C01C001C01C01C001C01C01C001C01C01C001C01C01C00 1C01C01C001C01C01C001C01C01C001C01C01C001E01E01C001D019018001C83883800FC7E07E000> 40 18 -1 0 34.592] 109 @dc [<07C7E00C3700180F00300700700700600700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700600700700700300700180F000C17 0003E700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700003F00> 24 29 -2 0 23.061] 100 @dc [<FF9FF01C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801E03801D03001C87 001C7C001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0000FC0000> 24 29 -1 0 23.061] 104 @dc [<FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FC000000000000000000000000000000 18003C003C001800> 16 29 -1 0 11.531] 105 @dc [<3C0000660000F30000F10000F0800000800000800000400000400000E00000E00000E00001D00001D00003D8000388000388 000704000704000704000E02000E02001C01001C01003C0380FF07E0> 24 26 -1 8 21.908] 121 @dc [<FFE0FFE0> 16 2 0 -8 13.837] 45 @dc [<FF9FE01C0F801C0F001C0E001C1C001C3C001C38001C78001E70001DE0001CE0001C40001C20001C10001C08001C0C001C0F 001C3FC01C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0000FC0000> 24 29 -1 0 21.908] 107 @dc [<60F0F060> 8 4 -4 0 11.531] 46 @dc [<03FFFC00001F8000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F 0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000800F0020800F0020800F0020C00F0020400F0040400F0040 600F00C0700F01C07FFFFFC0> 32 28 -1 0 29.979] 84 @dc [<7FCFF80E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01 C0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00703C00303C001C1C0007FC0> 24 29 0 0 23.061] 13 @dc [<FFF00F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F00 0F000F00FFF0> 16 28 -1 0 14.990] 73 @dc [<804020201010101070F0F060> 8 12 -4 8 11.531] 44 @dc [<00400000E00000E00000E00001D00001D00003D8000388000388000704000704000704000E02000E02001C01001C01003C03 80FF07E0> 24 18 -1 0 21.908] 118 @dc [<FF0FF81E07C0040380060700020E00010E00009C0000F80000780000700000F00001D80001C8000384000702000F03000F03 807F8FF0> 24 18 0 0 21.908] 120 @dc [<001800180000180018000018001800003C003C00003C003C00003C003C00003E007C00007A007A00007A007A00007900FA00 00F100F10000F100F10000F100F10001E081E08001E081E08001E081E08003E043C04003C043C04003C043C04003C0278040 0780278020078027802007801F00200F001F00100F001F00100F001F00101E001E00181F001F003CFFE0FFE0FF> 40 29 -1 1 42.663] 87 @dc [<008020000180300001C0700001C0700003C0680003A0E80003A0E8000720C4000711C4000711C4000E1182000E0B82000E0B 82001C0B01001C0701001C0701803C0F0380FF3FCFE0> 32 18 -1 0 29.979] 119 @dc [ 300 ] /cmcsc10.300 @newfont (cmcsc10.300) @sf [<000FE0000070180001C0060003000100060000800E0000401C00004038000020380000207800002070000020F0000000F000 0000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000700000207800002038000020380000601C0000600E0000E0 060001E0030003E001C0046000701860000FE020> 32 30 -3 1 32.631] 67 @dc [<01F800070E001E07801C03803801C07801E07000E0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F07000E07801E03801 C01C03800C0300070E0001F800> 24 21 -2 0 26.382] 111 @dc [<FF80001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001FFC001C0F001C03801C03C01C03C01C03C01C03 C01C03C01C03801C0F00FFFC00> 24 21 -1 0 23.153] 112 @dc [<8FC0F060C03080108018801800180038007803F01FE03FC07E00E000C000C010C010C030603030F01F10> 16 21 -2 0 19.002] 115 @dc (cmbx10.432) @sf [<7FFFFE7FFFFE7FFFFE00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE 0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00F8FE00FF FE00FFFE0007FE00007E00001E00000E00> 24 39 -5 0 34.370] 49 @dc [<FFFFFCFFFFFCFFFFFC01FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE 0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001 FE0001FE0001FE0001FE0001FE00FFFFFCFFFFFCFFFFFC> 24 41 -2 0 26.068] 73 @dc (cmr8.300) @sf [<7FF007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700FF0007000300> 16 21 -2 0 17.642] 49 @dc (cmr6.300) @sf [<FF800C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C00CC003C000C00> 16 16 -2 0 15.220] 49 @dc [ 270 ] /cmcsc10.270 @newfont (cmcsc10.270) @sf [<003E0000C1800180400300400700200600200E00100E00100E00100E00100E00100E00100E00100E00100E00100E00100E00 100E00100E00100E00100E00100E00100E00100E00100E0038FFE1FF> 24 26 -3 0 30.406] 85 @dc [<FE00203800601000E01001E01001E01003A0100720100E20101E20103C2010382010702010E02011C02013C0201780201700 201E0070FC01FC> 24 19 0 0 22.913] 110 @dc [<FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FF80> 16 19 -1 0 11.291] 105 @dc [<FE0FF03807C00807800C0700040E00021E00011C0001B80000F80000700000E00001E00003D000038800070C000F04000E02 001E0780FF0FE0> 24 19 -1 0 22.913] 120 @dc (cmr9.300) @sf [<FF3FC01C1F001C1E001C1C001C38001C78001C70001CE0001FE0001DC0001C40001C20001C10001C18001C1E001C3F801C00 001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0000FC0000> 24 26 -1 0 20.265] 107 @dc [<03FFE000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C 0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000801C0080801C0080801C0080C01C0180401C0100401C0100701C0700 7FFFFF00> 32 26 -1 0 27.731] 84 @dc [<0F807C003873C300700F0100E00E0080E01E0080E0390000E0788000E0F0800060E0400031C0200013C020000B8010000780 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[<FFF007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700FF0007000300> 16 24 -3 0 19.198] 49 @dc [<1F002180604070607030003800180018001C0F9C185C303C603C601CE01CE01CE01CE018E01860187030303018600780> 16 24 -2 0 19.198] 57 @dc [<078018603030703860186018E01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01C601860183030303018600780> 16 24 -2 0 19.198] 48 @dc 1 @bop1 (cmr17.300) @sf 449 489 p (The) s (cmcsc10.518) @sf 22 r (Cops) s (cmr17.300) @sf 22 r (Securit) s -1 r 121 c 21 r (Chec) s -1 r 107 c -2 r (er) s 20 r (System) s (cmsy10.360) @sf 1493 463 p 3 c (cmr12.300) @sf 439 604 p (Purdue) s 17 r (Univ) s -1 r (ersit) s -1 r 121 c 15 r 84 c -3 r (ec) s -1 r (hnical) s 15 r (Rep) s 1 r (ort) s 17 r (CSD-TR-993) s (cmsl12.300) @sf 818 731 p (Daniel) s 17 r 70 c -4 r (armer) s (cmr12.300) @sf 565 789 p (Computer) s 16 r (Emergency) s 16 r (Resp) s 1 r (onse) s 17 r 84 c -3 r (eam) s 646 847 p (Soft) s -1 r 119 c -1 r (are) s 15 r (Engineering) s 17 r (Institute) s 680 905 p (Carnegie) s 16 r (Mellon) s 16 r (Univ) s (ersit) s -1 r 121 c 683 963 p (Pittsburgh,) s 17 r 80 c -3 r 65 c 15 r (15213-3890) s 809 1021 p (df@sei.cm) s -1 r (u.edu) s (cmsl12.300) @sf 764 1104 p (Eugene) s 16 r (H.) s 16 r (Spa\013ord) s (cmr12.300) @sf 563 1162 p (Soft) s 119 c -1 r (are) s 15 r (Engineering) s 16 r (Researc) s 104 c 15 r (Cen) s (ter) s 606 1220 p (Departmen) s -1 r 116 c 16 r (of) s 16 r (Computer) s 16 r (Sciences) s 776 1278 p (Purdue) s 17 r (Univ) s -1 r (ersit) s -1 r 121 c 585 1336 p 87 c -3 r (est) s 16 r (Lafa) s -1 r 121 c -1 r (ette,) s 15 r (Indiana) s 16 r (47907{1398) s 763 1394 p (spaf@cs.purdue.edu) s 763 1496 p (Septem) s -1 r 98 c 1 r (er) s 16 r (19,) s 16 r (1991) s (cmbx10.300) @sf 880 1705 p (Abstract) s (cmr10.300) @sf 400 1776 p (In) s 15 r (the) s 16 r (past) s 15 r (sev) s (eral) s 15 r 121 c -1 r (ears,) s 15 r (there) s 16 r (ha) s -1 r 118 c -1 r 101 c 15 r 98 c 1 r (een) s 15 r 97 c 16 r (large) s 15 r 110 c (um) s -1 r 98 c (er) s 15 r (of) s 16 r (pub-) s 338 1826 p (lished) s 13 r 119 c (orks) s 12 r (that) s 13 r (ha) s -1 r 118 c -1 r 101 c 12 r (graphically) s 13 r (describ) s 1 r (ed) s 13 r 97 c 13 r (wide) s 13 r 118 c -1 r (ariet) s -1 r 121 c 12 r (of) s 13 r (securit) s 121 c 338 1876 p (problems) s 17 r (particular) s 17 r (to) s (cmcsc10.300) @sf 17 r (Unix) s (cmr10.300) @sf 46 c 28 r (Without) s 17 r (fail,) s 17 r (the) s 17 r (same) s 17 r (problems) s 17 r (ha) s 118 c -1 r 101 c 338 1926 p 98 c 1 r (een) s 10 r (discussed) s 11 r 111 c 118 c -2 r (er) s 10 r (and) s 10 r 111 c 118 c -1 r (er) s 9 r (again,) s 12 r (describing) s 10 r (the) s 10 r (problems) s 11 r (with) s 10 r (SUID) s 338 1975 p (\(set) s 14 r (user) s 14 r (ID\)) s 14 r (programs,) s 15 r (improp) s 1 r (er) s 14 r (\014le) s 14 r 112 c 1 r (ermissions,) s 15 r (and) s 14 r (bad) s 14 r (passw) s (ords) s 338 2025 p (\(to) s 19 r (name) s 18 r 97 c 19 r (few\).) s 34 r (There) s 18 r (are) s 19 r 116 c 119 c -1 r 111 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(ol:) s (cmcsc10.300) @sf 338 2324 p (Cops) s (cmr10.300) @sf 46 c 17 r (\(Computerized) s 9 r (Oracle) s 9 r (and) s 9 r 80 c (assw) s -1 r (ord) s 8 r (System\)) s 10 r (is) s 9 r 97 c 9 r (freely-a) s 118 c -2 r (ailable,) s 224 2364 p 598 2 ru (cmsy6.300) @sf 275 2391 p 3 c (cmr9.300) @sf 304 2407 p (This) s 11 r (pap) s 2 r (er) s 11 r (originally) s 11 r (app) s 1 r (eared) s 11 r (in) s 11 r (the) s 11 r (pro) s 1 r (ceedings) s 11 r (of) s 11 r (the) s 12 r (Summer) s 11 r (Usenix) s 11 r (Conference,) s 224 2452 p (1990,) s 13 r (Anaheim) s 13 r (CA.) s (cmr10.329) @sf 960 2577 p 49 c @eop @end