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.\" @(#)pathto.an	1.19 2/19/89 21:19:11
.TH PATHTO X_MAN1_EXT_X "1 February 1988" "Local"
.SH NAME
pathto, uupath, optto \- calculate mail paths
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B pathto
.RB " [ " \-tdnsv " ] "
.IR address " ..."
.br
.B optto
.RB " [ " \-tdnsv " ] "
.IR address " ..."
.br
.B uupath
.RB " [ " \-tsv " ] "
[
.IR sitename | domain | path
]
.IR " ..."
.br
.SH DESCRIPTION
These commands query the mail routing databases to
determine which paths will be used in sending mail to
the specified hosts or addresses.
.PP
The
.IR pathto (X_MAN1_EXT_X)
command takes the address of a user and determines the path that
.IR smail (X_MAN8_EXT_X)
would use for delivery.
For historical reasons, the resulting path is rewritten as a
UUCP-style
.RI `!' -path
by default,
even though this form may not be used by smail for delivery.
The leading sitename in the path is the site towards which
.IR smail (X_MAN8_EXT_X)
will make a delivery.
The leading sitename may be followed by a route to the target
of the address if the leading sitename and target are different.
The remainder of the argument, if anything, is added on to the end.
This command advises you on how
.IR smail (X_MAN8_EXT_X)
will handle an address but does not give the actual
address that
.IR smail (X_MAN8_EXT_X)
will use, unless the
.B \-n
option given.
.PP
The
.IR optto (X_MAN1_EXT_X)
command takes the address of a user and attempts to find the best route
to that user.
For historical reasons, the resulting path is rewritten as a
UUCP-style
.I `!'-route
by default.
The
.IR optto (X_MAN1_EXT_X)
command does not try to optimize beyond
a host to which it does not
know any route.
Rapid delivery need not mean minimal hop count or minimal distance.
If an address is an RFC822
.IR route-addr ,
(i.e., 
.IR @hosta,@hostb:user@hostc )
or a UUCP-style
.RI `!' -path ,
.IR optto (X_MAN1_EXT_X)
will compute paths to each of the
hosts in the address
and will output the address
requiring the lowest hop count.
.PP
The
.IR uupath (X_MAN1_EXT_X)
command attempts to compute paths from your machine to other machines.
If the argument is the name of a site such as
.I nsavax,
or
.I nsavax.nsa.gov,
or if it is the name of a domain such as
.I .nsa.gov,
then the
.IR uupath (X_MAN1_EXT_X)
program will try to produce a path to that site or domain.
If the argument is a
.RI `!' -path ,
then
.I uupath
computes a route to the first site, and appends the
remainder of the path onto it.
For historical reasons, the
resultant string will be
.I ``%s'',
if the host is the local host.
.PP
It is important to note that
.I uupath
arguments relate to
.IR sitenames ,
while the
.I pathto
and
.I optto
arguments relate to
.IR "addresses of users" .
The command:
.RS

uupath namei

.RE
will compute a path to the SITE named
.I namei,
while the commands:
.RS

pathto namei

optto namei

.RE
will ``compute a path'' to the USER named
.I namei
on the local machine.
.SH OPTIONS
All three commands take hosts
and addresses from the arguments,
or from standard input if none are
given as arguments.
The following options are recognized:
.TP
.B \-s
If
.I smart-host
routing is enabled in the
.I smail
routing databases,
then
.B \-s
will cause smart-host routing used as a last resort
in computing paths.
By default, smart-host
routing is not taken into account by these commands.
A smart-host router will
route an address to a remote host
that supposedly has a larger or more up-to-date routing
database than the local host.
.TP
.B \-d
By default,
.I pathto
and
.I optto
do not examine what will happen when mail is actually
delivered to the final user(s).
If the final users are on the local system, then
.B \-d
will apply any aliasing, forwarding or mailing lists
expansions.
The order and number of arguments will not necessarily correspond to the
order and number of output address when this option is used.
.TP
.B \-n
.I uupath
will always produce a pure UUCP path,
and by default so will
will
.I pathto
and
.IR optto ,
in the interest of backward compatibility.
The
.B \-n
flag
will generate
other addressing forms if they
would actually be used by
.I smail
for delivery.
.TP
.B \-t
Announce the name of the transport that would be used in delivering to
an address, if the transport is known.  Local addresses that are not
resolved using the
.B \-d
flag will not produce a tranport because the specific local transport
cannot determined without applying the directors.
.TP
.B \-v
Be verbose, announcing each important state of address resolution as
it occurs.  The verbose messages are written to standard error.
.SH EXAMPLES
The following examples assume the following
routing configuration will be used
to compute path information:
.IP a. 4n
a list of known local host names:
.IR amdahl ,
.I uts.amdahl.com
and
.IR amdahl.com .
.IP b. 4n
a
.IR pathalias (X_MAN8_EXT_X)
database containing the lines:

.in +.5i
.ta 1.5i
.nf
\&.nsa.gov	namei!nsavax!%s
amdahl	%s
glotz	namei!glotz!%s
kgbvax	name!walldrug!kgbvax!%s
namei	namei!%s
nsavax	namei!glotz!nsavax!%s
.fi
.in -.5i
.DT

where each path will use
.I UUX
for delivery.
.IP c. 4n
a known network connection to the host
.IR eek ,
which is also known as
.IR eek.uts.amdahl.com .
.IP d. 4n
domains of the form
.I [number.number.number.number]
are recognized as internet
numbers to be delivered using TCP/IP.
.IP e. 4n
the path
.I namei!glotz!nsavax
is used as a smart-host path
for addresses the localhost cannot route.
.PP
The following commands, in italic, will
produce the corresponding output:

.RS +.5i
$
.I "uupath nsavax mit-prep uts.amdahl.com"
.br
namei!glotz!nsavax
.br
uupath: no route found to mit-prep
.br
%s

$
.I "uupath \-s mit-prep!rms"
.br
namei!glotz!nsavax!mit-prep!rms

$
.I "pathto @eek.uts.amdahl.com:rms@prep.ai.mit.edu"
.br
eek!prep.ai.mit.edu!rms

$
.I "pathto \-n @[192.2.12.3]:rms@prep.ai.mit.edu"
.br
@[192.2.12.3]:rms@prep.ai.mit.edu

$
.I "pathto brown@nsavax"
.br
namei!glotz!nsavax!brown

$
.I "optto namei!amdahl!namei!glotz!kgbvax!nsavax!root"
.br
namei!glotz!nsavax!root

$
.I "optto amdahl!namei!erehwon!walldrug!glotz!nsavax!root"
.br
namei!erehwon!walldrug!glotz!nsavax!root
.br

.RS -.5i
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
An error message will be written to standard error
if there is a syntax error in an address,
or if no path can be found for an address
and smart-host routing is not being used.
In case of such errors,
these programs return an appropriate
exit code from
the file
.IR /usr/include/sysexits.h ;
e.g.,
.I EX_DATAERR
or
.IR EX_NOHOST .
.SH FILES
.TP 2.5i
.I "X_LIB_DIR_X/paths"
Standard ascii path database.
.TP 2.5i
.I "X_LIB_DIR_X/routers"
Smail routing configuration.
.SH SEE ALSO
.IR smail (X_MAN8_EXT_X),
.IR smail (X_MAN5_EXT_X),
.IR pathalias (X_MAN8_EXT_X)
and
.IR pathalias (X_MAN5_EXT_X).
.SH BUGS
Your local site does not always know a correct path to every site.
.PP
Routing is only as good as your routing information.
Smail cannot compensate for out-of-date or poorly syncronized
databases.
.SH COPYRIGHT
Copyright(C)1987, 1988 Ronald S. Karr and Landon Curt Noll
.br
See a file COPYING,
distributed with the source code,
or type
.I "smail -bc"
for distribution rights and restrictions
associated with this software.
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