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This is a copy of one node from the Info file gcc.info-2.
For full information on installing and porting GCC, refer to the
GCC manual:

  Info file   gcc.info
  TeX output  gcc.dvi
  TeX source  gcc.texinfo

Installing GNU CC
*****************

Here is the procedure for installing GNU CC on a Unix system.

* Menu:

* VMS Install::   See below for installation on VMS.

  1. Edit `Makefile'.  If you are using HPUX, or any form of system
     V, you must make a few changes described in comments at the
     beginning of the file.  Genix requires changes also.

  2. On a Sequent system, go to the Berkeley universe.

  3. Choose configuration files.  The easy way to do this is to run
     the command file `config.gcc' with a single argument, which is
     the name of the machine (and operating system, in some cases).

     Here is a list of the possible arguments:

    `vax'
          Vaxes running BSD.

    `vms'
          Vaxes running VMS.

    `vax-sysv'
          Vaxes running system V.

    `i386-sysv'
          Intel 386 PCs running system V.

    `i386-sysv-gas'
          Intel 386 PCs running system V, using the GNU assembler and
          GNU linker.

    `sequent-i386'
          Sequent with Intel 386 processors.

    `sun2'
          Sun 2 running system version 2 or 3.

    `sun3'
          Sun 3 running system version 2 or 3, with 68881.

          Note there we do not provide a configuration file to use an
          FPA by default because programs that establish signal
          handlers for floating point traps inherently cannot work
          with the FPA.

    `sun3-nfp'
          Sun 3 running system version 2 or 3, without 68881.

    `sun4'
          Sun 4 running system version 2 or 3.

    `sun2-os4'
          Sun 2 running system version 4.

    `sun3-os4'
          Sun 3 running system version 4, with 68881.

    `sun3-nfp-os4'
          Sun 3 running system version 4, without 68881.

    `sun4-os4'
          Sun 4 running system version 4.

    `sun386'
          Sun 386 (``roadrunner'').

    `alliant'
          Alliant FX/8 computer.  Currently, there are bugs in the
          support for floating point.  Also note that Alliant's
          version of dbx does not manage to work with the output from
          GNU CC.

    `mips'
          Some variant of MIPS computer (but not the one from DEC). 
          Note that this machine description was written for GNU CC
          version 1.32 and may require some updating to work with the
          current version.

    `convex-c1'
          Convex C1 computer.

    `convex-c2'
          Convex C2 computer.

    `hp9k320'
          HP 9000 series 300 using HPUX assembler.  Note there is no
          support in GNU CC for HP's debugger; thus, `-g' is not
          available in this configuration.

    `hp9k320g'
          HP 9000 series 300 using GNU assembler, linker and debugger.
          This requires the HP-adapt package, which is available
          along with the GNU linker as part of the ``binutils''
          distribution.  This is on the GNU CC distribution tape.

    `isi68'
          ISI 68000 or 68020 system.

    `news800'
          Sony NEWS 68020 system.

    `next'
          NeXT system.

    `altos'
          Altos 3068.  Note that you must use the GNU assembler,
          linker and debugger, with COFF-encapsulation.  Also, you
          must fix a kernel bug.  Details in the file `ALTOS-README'.

    `3b1'
          AT&T 3b1, a.k.a. 7300 PC.  Note that the current version of
          GNU CC cannot be compiled with the Unix compiler on this
          machine, due to bugs in the Unix comiler.  GNU CC does work
          correctly, however, if you can compile it with older
          version of GNU CC or cross-compile it.

    `sequent-ns32k'
          Sequent containing ns32000 processors.

    `encore'
          Encore ns32000 system.

    `genix'
          National Semiconductor ns32000 system.

    `88000'
          Motorola 88000 processor.  This port is not finished.

     Here we spell out what files need to be set up:

        * Make a symbolic link named `config.h' to the top-level
          config file for the machine you are using (*note
          Config::.).  This file is responsible for defining
          information about the host machine.  It includes `tm.h'.

          The file is located in the subdirectory `config'.  Its name
          should be `xm-MACHINE.h', with these exceptions:

         `xm-vms.h'
               for vaxen running VMS.

         `xm-vaxv.h'
               for vaxen running system V.

         `xm-i386v.h'
               for Intel 80386's running system V.

         `xm-sunos4.h'
               for Suns (model 2, 3 or 4) running *operating system*
               version 4.  (Use `xm-m68k.h' or `xm-sparc.h' for
               version 3.)

         `xm-sun386i.h'
               for Sun roadrunner running any version of the
               operating system.

         `xm-hp9k320.h'
               for the HP 9000 series 300.

         `xm-genix.h'
               for the ns32000 running Genix

          If your system does not support symbolic links, you might
          want to set up `config.h' to contain a `#include' command
          which refers to the appropriate file.

        * Make a symbolic link named `tm.h' to the
          machine-description macro file for your machine.  It should
          be in the subdirectory `config' and its name should be
          `tm-MACHINE.h'.

          If your system is a 68000, don't use the file `tm-m68k.h'
          directly.  Instead, use one of these files:

         `tm-sun3.h'
               for Sun 3 machines with 68881.

         `tm-sun3-nfp.h'
               for Sun 3 machines with no hardware floating point.

         `tm-sun2.h'
               for Sun 2 machines.

         `tm-3b1.h'
               for AT&T 3b1 (aka 7300 Unix PC).

         `tm-isi68.h'
               for Integrated Solutions systems.  This file assumes
               you use the GNU assembler.

         `tm-news800.h'
               for SONY News systems.

         `tm-hp9k320.h'
               for HPUX systems, if you are using GNU CC with the
               system's assembler and linker.

         `tm-hp9k320g.h'
               for HPUX systems, if you are using the GNU assembler,
               linker and other utilities.  Not all of the pieces of
               GNU software needed for this mode of operation are as
               yet in distribution; full instructions will appear
               here in the future.

          For the vax, use `tm-vax.h' on BSD Unix, `tm-vaxv.h' on
          system V, or `tm-vms.h' on VMS.

          For the Motorola 88000, use `tm-m88k.h'.  The support for
          the 88000 has a few unfinished spots because there was no
          way to run the output.  Bugs are suspected in handling of
          branch-tables and in the function prologue and epilogue.

          For the 80386, don't use `tm-i386.h' directly.  Use
          `tm-i386v.h' if the target machine is running system V,
          `tm-i386gas.h' if it is running system V but you are using
          the GNU assembler and linker, `tm-seq386.h' for a Sequent
          386 system, or `tm-compaq.h' for a Compaq, or
          `tm-sun386i.h' for a Sun 386 system.

          For the 32000, use `tm-sequent.h' if you are using a
          Sequent machine, or `tm-encore.h' for an Encore machine, or
          `tm-genix.h' if you are using Genix version 3; otherwise,
          perhaps `tm-ns32k.h' will work for you.

          Note that Genix has bugs in `alloca' and `malloc'; you must
          get the compiled versions of these from GNU Emacs and edit
          GNU CC's `Makefile' to use them.

          Note that Encore systems are supported only under BSD.

          For Sparc (Sun 4) machines, use `tm-sparc.h' with operating
          system version 4, and `tm-sun4os3.h' with system version 3.

        * Make a symbolic link named `md' to the machine description
          pattern file.  It should be in the `config' subdirectory
          and its name should be `MACHINE.md'; but MACHINE is often
          not the same as the name used in the `tm.h' file because
          the `md' files are more general.

        * Make a symbolic link named `aux-output.c' to the output
          subroutine file for your machine.  It should be in the
          `config' subdirectory and its name should be `out-MACHINE.c'.

  4. Make sure the Bison parser generator is installed.  (This is
     unnecessary if the Bison output files `c-parse.tab.c' and
     `cexp.c' are more recent than `c-parse.y' and `cexp.y' and you
     do not plan to change the `.y' files.)

     Bison versions older that Sept 8, 1988 will produce incorrect
     output for `c-parse.tab.c'.

  5. If you are using a Sun, make sure the environment variable
     `FLOAT_OPTION' is not set.  If this option were set to `f68881'
     when `gnulib' is compiled, the resulting code would demand to be
     linked with a special startup file and will not link properly
     without special pains.

  6. Build the compiler.  Just type `make' in the compiler directory.

     Ignore any warnings you may see about ``statement not reached''
     in the `insn-emit.c'; they are normal.  Any other compilation
     errors may represent bugs in the port to your machine or
     operating system, and should be investigated and reported (*note
     Bugs::.).

  7. Optionally, install the library functions for 64-bit integer
     arithmetic.  You do this with the command `make gnulib2'.  In
     the future this will happen automatically; for now, it is
     optional, until we are sure it works on all machines.

  8. If you are using COFF-encapsulation, you must convert `gnulib'
     to a GNU-format library at this point.  See the file
     `README-ENCAP' in the directory containing the GNU binary file
     utilities, for directions.

  9. Move the first-stage object files and executables into a
     subdirectory with this command:

          make stage1

     The files are moved into a subdirectory named `stage1'.  Once
     installation is complete, you may wish to delete these files
     with `rm -r stage1'.

 10. Recompile the compiler with itself, with this command:

          make CC=stage1/gcc CFLAGS="-g -O -Bstage1/"

     On a 68000 or 68020 system lacking floating point hardware,
     unless you have selected a `tm.h' file that expects by default
     that there is no such hardware, do this instead:

          make CC=stage1/gcc CFLAGS="-g -O -Bstage1/ -msoft-float"

 11. If you wish to test the compiler by compiling it with itself one
     more time, do this (in C shell):

          make stage2
          make CC=stage2/gcc CFLAGS="-g -O -Bstage2/"
          foreach file (*.o)
          cmp $file stage2/$file
          end

     Aside from the `-B' option, the options should be the same as
     when you made stage 2.

     The `foreach' command (written in C shell) will notify you if
     any of these stage 3 object files differs from those of stage 2.
     On BSD systems, any difference, no matter how innocuous,
     indicates that the stage 2 compiler has compiled GNU CC
     incorrectly, and is therefore a potentially serious bug which
     you should investigate and report (*note Bugs::.).

     On systems that use COFF object files, bytes 5 to 8 will always
     be different, since it is a timestamp.  On these systems, you
     can do the comparison as follows (in Bourne shell):

          for file in *.o; do
          echo $file
          tail +10 $file > foo1
          tail +10 stage2/$file > foo2
          cmp foo1 foo2
          done

 12. Install the compiler driver, the compiler's passes and run-time
     support.  You can use the following command:

          make install

     This copies the files `cc1', `cpp' and `gnulib' to files
     `gcc-cc1', `gcc-cpp' and `gcc-gnulib' in directory
     `/usr/local/lib', which is where the compiler driver program
     looks for them.  It also copies the driver program `gcc' into
     the directory `/usr/local/bin', so that it appears in typical
     execution search paths.

     *Warning: there is a bug in `alloca' in the Sun library.  To
     avoid this bug, install the binaries of GNU CC that were
     compiled by GNU CC.  They use `alloca' as a built-in function
     and never the one in the library.*

     *Warning: the GNU CPP may not work for `ioctl.h', `ttychars.h'
     and other system header files unless the `-traditional' option
     is used.*  The bug is in the header files: at least on some
     machines, they rely on behavior that is incompatible with ANSI
     C.  This behavior consists of substituting for macro argument
     names when they appear inside of character constants.  The
     `-traditional' option tells GNU CC to behave the way these
     headers expect.

     Because of this problem, you might prefer to configure GNU CC to
     use the system's own C preprocessor.  To do so, make the file
     `/usr/local/lib/gcc-cpp' a link to `/lib/cpp'.

     Alternatively, on Sun systems and 4.3BSD at least, you can
     correct the include files by running the shell script
     `fixincludes'.  This installs modified, corrected copies of the
     files `ioctl.h', `ttychars.h' and many others, in a special
     directory where only GNU CC will normally look for them.  This
     script will work on various systems because it chooses the files
     by searching all the system headers for the problem cases that
     we know about.

If you cannot install the compiler's passes and run-time support in
`/usr/local/lib', you can alternatively use the `-B' option to
specify a prefix by which they may be found.  The compiler
concatenates the prefix with the names  `cpp', `cc1' and `gnulib'. 
Thus, you can put the files in a directory `/usr/foo/gcc' and specify
`-B/usr/foo/gcc/' when you run GNU CC.

Also, you can specify an alternative default directory for these
files by setting the Make variable `libdir' when you make GNU CC.


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File: gcc.info,  Node: VMS Install,  Prev: Installation,  Up: Installation

Installing GNU CC on VMS
========================

The VMS version of GNU CC is distributed in a backup saveset
containing both source code and precompiled binaries.

Sometimes the binaries will be from an older version that the
sources, because we don't always have time to update them.  In this
case, you should use the binaries you get to recompile the sources. 
If you must recompile, here is how:

  1. Copy the file `tm-vms.h' to `tm.h', `xm-vms.h' to `config.h',
     `vax.md' to `md.' and `output-vax.c' to `aux-output.c'.

  2. Type `@make' to do recompile everything.

     If you are compiling with a version of GCC older than 1.33,
     specify `/DEFINE=("inline=")' as an option in all the
     compilations.  This requires editing all the `gcc' commands in
     `make-cc1.com'.  (The older versions had problems supporting
     `inline'.)  Once you have a working 1.33 or newer GCC, you can
     change this file back.

To install the `GCC' command so you can use the compiler easily, in
the same manner as you use the VMS C compiler, you must install the
VMS CLD file for GNU CC as follows:

  1. Define the VMS logical names `GNU_CC' and `GNU_CC_INCLUDE' to
     point to the directories where the GNU CC executables
     (`gcc-cpp', `gcc-cc1', etc.) and the C include files are kept. 
     This should be done with the commands:

          $ assign /super /system disk:[gcc] gnu_cc
          $ assign /super /system disk:[gcc.include] gnu_cc_include

     with the appropriate disk and directory names.  These commands
     can be placed in your system startup file so they will be
     executed whenever the machine is rebooted.

  2. Install the `GCC' command with the command line:

          $ set command /table=sys$library:dcltables gnu_cc:gcc

  3. To install the help file, do the following:

          $ lib/help sys$library:helplib.hlb gcc.hlp

     Now you can invoke the compiler with a command like `gcc
     /verbose file.c', which is equivalent to the command `gcc -v -c
     file.c' in Unix.

There is a known problem on VMS: `const' global variables don't work
compatibly with the VMS C compiler; we don't know a way to get them
to the linker properly.

Note that GNU CC on VMS does not generate debugging information to
describe the program's symbols.  It is not straightforward to
implement this, and we have no time to spend on it, but we might
consent to install a very modular implementation if you write it. 
You will probably have to modify GAS as well as GNU CC.
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