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└─⟦8527c1e9b⟧ Bits:30000544 8mm tape, Rational 1000, Arrival backup of disks in PAM's R1000 └─ ⟦5a81ac88f⟧ »Space Info Vol 1« └─⟦203fa24b2⟧ └─⟦this⟧
Rational Environment Release Information D_10_20_2 Release \f Copyright 1990 by Rational February 1990 (Software Release D_10_20_2) EXABYTE is a registered trademark of EXABYTE Corporation. Rational and R1000 are registered trademarks and Rational Environment is a trademark of Rational. Sony is a registered trademark of Sony Corporation of America. Sun Workstation is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. \f Rational 3320 Scott Boulevard Santa Clara, California 95054-3197 \f D_10_20_2 Release 1. Overview The purpose of the D_10_20_2 release of the Rational Environment is to support a variety of new system configurations and upgrades. Specifically, D_10_20_2 supports the following configurations of the R1000: * The Series 200 (Models 10, 20, and 40) * The Series 300 System (300S) * The Series 300 Coprocessor (300C) served by the Sun Workstation Note that D_10_20_2 does not support (and will not be installed on) the Series 100 configuration. D_10_20_2 supports two kinds of tape drive: * The 9-track tape drive, which is standard on the Series 200 and an optional upgrade to the Series 300S. * The 8-mm cartridge tape drive, which is standard on the Series 300S and 300C and an optional upgrade to the Series 200. The 8-mm cartridge tape drive makes unattended system backups possible by enabling a full system backup to be put onto a single tape. Consequently, the operator is free to leave after initiating the backup request and mounting the tape cartridge. (In contrast, backups taken on a 9-track tape drive require the operator's presence for the duration to mount additional tapes.) No change has been made to the way backups are initiated-the command interface remains the same and minimal changes appear in the tape-mount request. Note that D_10_20_2 supports systems that have either one or both kinds of tape drive. D_10_20_2 also supports the optional expansion of memory from 32 megabytes to 64 megabytes to improve system performance. This upgrade applies to Series 200, 300S, and 300C systems. 2. Configurations The various possible combinations of configurations and upgrades supported by D_10_20_2 are shown in Table 1 (the unsupported Series 100 is included for comparison): Table 1 Configurations and Upgrades Supported by D_10_20_2 R 2/16/90 1\f Rational Environment Release Information -------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | 8-mm |9-Track|32-Mb | 64-Mb| | | Tape | Tape |Memory| Memory| | | Drive | Drive | | | -------------------------------------- | | | | | | |Series |N/A |Standar|Standa| N/A | |100 | |d | rd | | -------------------------------------- | | | | | | |Series |Upgrade|Standar|Standa| Upgrad| |200 | |d | rd | | -------------------------------------- | | | | | | |Series |Standar|Upgrade|Standa| Upgrad| |300S |d | | rd | | -------------------------------------- | | | | | | |Series |Standar|N/A |Standa| Upgrad| |300C |d | | rd | | -------------------------------------- 3. Compatibility D_10_20_2 is compatible with all production versions of Rational layered software products. Any software that can run on the D_10_20_0 version of the Environment will run unmodified on D_10_20_2. No upgrades of other layered products are included in the D_10_20_2 release. 3.1. Compatible Layered Products Design Facility: 2167 6_0_7 Design Facility: 2167A 6_2_4 Documentation Tools 10_2_9 Design Tools 10_2_9 CDF: 1750A 3_0_1 or later CDF: 68K OS2000 4_1_3 or later CDF: 68K Bare 3_0_1 or later Mail 10_0_0 or later Target Builder 9_4_4 or later RXI 10_2 or later 2 2/16/90 R\f D_10_20_2 Release 4. Upgrade Impact The D_10_20_2 release can upgrade existing Series 200 and Series 300S machines. With the following exceptions, the D_10_20_2 release removes no functionality and has no impact on user-written applications: * D_10_20_2 installs a new implementation of !Commands.Abbreviations.Do_Backup, which overwrites the existing Do_Backup'Body. Because the existing Do_Backup'Body may contain user customizations, its contents are saved as a text file whose name is of the form !Commands.Abbreviations.Do_Backup_Vnn, where nn is the unit's default version number. The customizations then can be transferred to the new implementation. See Sections 6.1 and 7.1 for more information about the new Do_Backup'Body. * D_10_20_2 also installs a new implementation of !Machine.Initialize, which overwrites the existing Initialize'Body. Because the existing Initialize'Body may contain user customizations, its contents are saved as a text file whose name is of the form !Machine.Initialize_Vnn, where nn is the unit's default version number. The customizations then can be transferred to the new implementation. The new implementation contains changes that facilitate the installation of new releases. * On R1000s running the D_11_1_3 release before upgrade, the D_10_20_2 release removes the features (such as CMVC access control) that were introduced as part of D_11_1_3. R 2/16/90 3\f Rational Environment Release Information 5. Known Problems 5.1. Lost Tape-Drive Allocation In D_10_20_0, the tape drive remains allocated to a given session until it is reallocated to another session. This behavior allows you to perform consecutive tape operations without having to respond to intervening tape-mount requests. In D_10_20_2, this behavior remains the same for systems that have only one tape drive; however, on systems with more than one tape drive, a mount request is issued every time you open a tape, even if the desired drive was already allocated to your session. This is because the tape-mount operation doesn't know whether to reopen the allocated drive or to allocate and open the other drive. The additional mount requests will be most noticeable with commands like Tape.Rewind and Tape.Unload (for example, when you rewind or unload a tape after reading it). Furthermore, because each mount request causes the tape to be rewound, consecutive uses of the Tape.Display_Tape command must always assume that the current tape position is at the beginning of the tape. The next Environment release will allow tape-drive allocations to be retained even on machines with multiple tape drives. 5.2. Unexpected Exception During Backup Some Series 300C machines use disks that have very large formatted capacities. On these machines, backups may fail to complete because of a variety of unexpected exceptions. This problem occurs on Series 300C machines for which one or more disks has a formatted capacity greater than 655,776 disk blocks. This problem is caused by an insufficient job page limit and can be corrected by setting the job page limit to 16000 or higher. The following steps provide a workaround to backup failures that occurred because the default job page limit was insufficient: 1. Use the Operator.Disk_Space command to verify that the Series 300C has at least one disk with capacity greater than 655,776 disk blocks. (If no disk is larger than this, exceptions raised by backup have a different cause. In this case, call the Rational Customer Support Response Center.) 2. Modify !Commands.Abbreviations.Do_Backup'Body by inserting the following statement immediately preceding the call to Backup (the instantiated generic): System_Utilities.Set_Page_Limit (16000); 4 2/16/90 R\f D_10_20_2 Release 6. New Features Several new features have been added in D_10_20_2. A generic procedure has been added to package System_Backup. The purpose of this generic procedure is to support the enhancements made to procedure !Commands.Abbreviations.Do_Backup, which are described in Section 7. Because the Do_Backup command provides a standard instantiation for the generic procedure, customers do not have to instantiate it themselves. However, if desired, customers can change the standard instantiation to tailor certain aspects of backup operation. R 2/16/90 5\f Rational Environment Release Information Other new features include commands for managing the authorization of Rational products that are now purchased on a per-session basis. Under per-session pricing, a customer purchases a specific number of concurrent usages that are authorized for a given Rational product. For example, by purchasing the Rational Environment under per-session pricing, a customer obtains a total number of concurrent logins that are authorized on their R1000s. Two new procedures, Give_Up_Tokens and Accept_Tokens, enable such a customer to distribute authorized usages of various products among multiple R1000s. These usages may be distributed only among the R1000s that reside within a given site, where the notion of a site is defined in the Rational Price Guide. It is important to note that, by definition, the R1000s in a given site must be on the same support contract. Thus, if a customer has three R1000s at a single site, and has purchased a total of 15 concurrent logins for the Environment, then that customer can use the new procedures to distribute the logins on those three machines (for example, to authorize 7 logins on one R1000 and 4 logins each on the others). However, if the same customer purchases an additional R1000 and places it on a separate support contract (thereby defining a different site for that R1000), none of the original 15 logins will be transferable to the new machine. 6.1. Generic Procedure System_Backup.Backup_Generic generic with procedure Backup_Starting (Is_Full : Boolean); with procedure Backup_Finishing (Was_Successful : Boolean); procedure Backup_Generic (Variety : Kind; Wait_Until : String); Provides a more complete form of the System_Backup.Backup procedure. The Backup_Generic procedure itself is not used interactively; rather, it is instantiated and called with the !Commands.Abbreviations.Do_Backup procedure. The !Commands.Abbreviations.Do_Backup procedure passes parameters to the Backup_Generic procedure to specify the kind of backup to be performed (full, primary, or secondary), as well as the time at which the backup is to begin. The backup tape can be mounted at any time after the !Commands.Abbreviations.Do_Backup procedure is entered and before the backup is scheduled to begin. The Backup_Generic procedure provides formal procedures (Backup_Starting and Backup_Finishing) through which various system characteristics are set for the duration of the backup and then restored afterward. Backup_Starting executes just before the actual backup is scheduled to begin and Backup_Finishing executes immediately after the backup finishes. As instantiated in the 6 2/16/90 R\f D_10_20_2 Release standard !Commands.Abbreviations.Do_Backup procedure, the Backup_Starting formal procedure broadcasts a message to all users informing them that a backup is beginning, saves the current memory scheduler and snapshot settings, and then turns off memory scheduling and snapshot warnings. The Backup_Finishing formal procedure restores memory scheduling and snapshot warnings according to the saved settings. The system manager can edit the body of !Commands.Abbreviations.Do_Backup to change the effect of these two formal procedures. One possibility is to use Backup_Finishing to send mail when the backup has completed. Another possibility is to use Backup_Starting and Backup_Finishing to turn off the disk collection daemon for the duration of the backup. Doing so will prevent disk collection from interfering with the backup. However, turning off disk collection is recommended only for backups made on the 8-mm cartridge tape drive because such backups require significantly less time than those made on 9-track tape drives. In any case, turning off disk collection is not recommended if the disks are very full. 6.2. !Commands.System_Maintenance.Revn.Accept_Tokens procedure Accept_Tokens (Donations : Positive; Resulting_Count : Positive; Code : String := ">>Give_Up_Tokens Result<<"; Product : String := "Logins"; Response : String := "<PROFILE>"); Completes the transfer of authorized usages for the specified product from one R1000 to another. When a customer purchases a Rational product on a per-session basis, the customer obtains a specific number of authorized usages for that product. Each authorized usage is represented internally as a token. These tokens represent the rights of individual users to use a particular product; the number of tokens on a given R1000 determines the number of users that can use that product concurrently. The Give_Up_Tokens and Accept_Tokens procedures allow the customer to distribute tokens (product usages) among multiple R1000s within the same site. By default, the Give_Up_Tokens and Accept_Tokens procedures transfer tokens that represent authorized logins to the Rational Environment. The transfer of tokens between machines is initiated by the Give_Up_Tokens procedure on the donating machine. Among other things, the Give_Up_Tokens procedure displays a call to the Accept_Tokens procedure in which specific parameter values are filled in: R 2/16/90 7\f Rational Environment Release Information * The values of the Donations and Resulting_Count parameters reflect the input that was given to the Give_Up_Tokens procedure. (These parameter values specify the number of transferred tokens and the total number of tokens on the receiving machine, respectively.) * The value of the Code parameter is a unique authorization code valid only for the current day. Without this code, the transfer cannot be completed. The displayed call to Accept_Tokens must then be copied to the receiving R1000 and executed there. (Alternatively, the call can be executed remotely using the Remote.Run procedure.) As a result, the new number of authorized tokens is recorded in the receiving machine's error log, and the new tokens are made available immediately. Restrictions: * The Accept_Tokens procedure must be run on the same day as the Give_Up_Tokens procedure. * The donating and receiving machines must reside within a single site. 8 2/16/90 R\f D_10_20_2 Release 6.3. !Commands.System_Maintenance.Revn.Give_Up_Tokens procedure Give_Up_Tokens (Donations : Positive; Remote_Machine_Id : Long_Integer; Resulting_Remote_Count : Positive; Product : String := "Logins"; Response : String := "<PROFILE>"); Initiates a transfer of authorized usages for the specified product from one R1000 to another. When a customer purchases a Rational product on a per-session basis, the customer obtains a specific number of authorized usages for that product. Each authorized usage is represented internally as a token. These tokens represent the rights of individual users to use a particular product; the number of tokens on a given R1000 determines the number of users that can use that product concurrently. The Give_Up_Tokens and Accept_Tokens procedures allow the customer to distribute tokens (product usages) among multiple R1000s within the same site. By default, the Give_Up_Tokens and Accept_Tokens procedures transfer tokens that represent authorized logins to the Rational Environment. The Donations parameter specifies the number of authorized tokens to be transferred from the current machine. The Remote_Machine_Id parameter specifies the R1000 that is to receive the transferred tokens. For verification, the Resulting_Remote_Count parameter must specify the number of authorized tokens that will exist on the receiving R1000 as a result of the transfer. The Give_Up_Tokens command displays a call to the Accept_Tokens procedure with the appropriate parameter values filled in. The transfer is completed when the Accept_Tokens call is copied to the receiving R1000 and executed there. In addition to displaying the required call to the Accept_Tokens procedure, the Give_Up_Tokens procedure records the initiated transfer in the donating R1000's error log. Restrictions: * This command requires operator capability. * The Give_Up_Tokens procedure fails if the transfer would leave the donating machine with fewer authorized tokens than are currently in use. * The same machine may not both give up and accept tokens in the same day. * The donating and receiving machines must reside within a single site. R 2/16/90 9\f Rational Environment Release Information Example Assume that you have two R1000s at your site and a total of 10 authorized logins that are currently distributed so that each R1000 has 5. Assume further that you want to transfer 3 logins from one machine to the other, resulting in 8 logins on the other machine. The Give_Up_Tokens procedure initiates the transfer: Give_Up_Tokens (Donations => 3, Remote_Machine_Id => destination_machine_id, Resulting_Remote_Count => 8); 10 2/16/90 R\f D_10_20_2 Release As a result, this procedure displays the Accept_Tokens procedure with specific parameter values in the current output window. This display includes the authorization code to complete the transfer: Accept_Tokens (Donations => 3, Resulting_Count => 8, Code => "a_unique_authorization_code"); To complete the transfer, you now need to copy the displayed Accept_Tokens procedure into a file, archive it to the destination machine, and enter it in a Command window there. (Alternatively, the call to Accept_Tokens can be executed remotely using the Remote.Run procedure.) 7. Changes from D_10_20_0 7.1. System Backup Changes A number of Environment commands are available for initiating backups. Most users use one of the standard backup procedures in !Commands.Abbreviations: Do_Backup, Full_Backup, Primary_Backup, or Secondary_Backup. The Do_Backup procedure initiates the kind of backup specified by the Variety parameter and delays the backup until the time specified by the Starting_At parameter. In addition, Do_Backup adjusts certain system settings for the duration of the backup. The other three backup procedures are specialized forms of Do_Backup, each initiating a specific kind of backup (full, primary, or secondary). The specifications for all backup commands remain as they are in D_10_20_0, so operators will continue to initiate backups the same way. However, the implementation of backup operations has been enhanced in the present release. Note that the changes described below for the Do_Backup procedure apply to the specialized backup commands as well, because each of these commands calls Do_Backup. 7.1.1. Improved Do_Backup Implementation The procedure !Commands.Abbreviations.Do_Backup has been enhanced to take advantage of the new generic procedure !Commands.System_Backup.Backup_Generic. In particular, Do_Backup'Body has been rewritten to instantiate the formal procedures associated with the generic as follows: * The Backup_Starting formal procedure, which executes as the backup begins, broadcasts a message announcing the backup to all users, saves the current memory scheduler and snapshot settings, and turns off memory scheduling and snapshot warnings. R 2/16/90 11\f Rational Environment Release Information * The Backup_Finishing formal procedure, which executes as the backup ends, restores memory scheduling and snapshots using the saved settings. The system manager can edit Do_Backup'Body to further customize system settings for the duration of backups. 12 2/16/90 R\f D_10_20_2 Release 7.1.2. Support for 8-Millimeter Cartridge Tape Drive All backup operations (including those in package System_Backup) have been enhanced to take backups on the 8-mm cartridge tape drive as well as on the 9-track tape drive. Each backup taken on the 8-mm cartridge tape drive requires only a single tape cartridge, in contrast to the multiple tape reels required for backups taken on a 9-track tape drive. Consequently, the 8-mm cartridge tape drive permits unattended backups because the operator can leave after entering the Do_Backup command and mounting the tape. Unattended backups also take significantly less time because the time spent changing tapes is eliminated. For example, a backup that takes 8 hours to complete on a 9-track tape drive may take as little as 4 hours on an 8-mm cartridge tape drive. When the 8-mm cartridge tape drive is used, slight differences appear in the backup tape-mount request. In particular, the tape-mount request no longer prompts for a separate "blue tape"; instead, a backup index is appended to the data on the single 8-mm tape. (However, during a backup restoration, the tape-mount request still prompts for a "blue tape" to indicate when the sole backup tape cartridge is to be mounted.) Progress messages are displayed in the current output window; these messages appear as the backup starts and finishes each disk volume. 7.1.3. Guidelines for Choosing Tape Size To ensure unattended backups when using the 8-mm cartridge tape drive, it is recommended that you choose a single tape large enough to hold the entire backup. Guidelines for choosing the appropriate tape size are given in Table 2. To use this table, you need to know the total number of disk blocks that are used on your machine. You can obtain this information using the Operator.Disk_Space command. Note that a tape larger than the minimum can always be used. Tape sizes are given in several ways, depending on the brand of tape. EXABYTE tapes are identified by their length in meters. Sony tapes are identified by their cartridge type, which correlates to minutes of playing time (for example, P6-15MP and P5-15MP indicate 15-minute tapes). P6 mode tapes, which are used in the United States, have a smaller capacity in megabytes than P5 mode tapes, which are used (at least) in Europe. Both P5 and P6 tapes are listed in the table. R 2/16/90 13\f Rational Environment Release Information Table 2 Minimum 8-mm Cartridge Tape Size for Full Backups ---------------------------------------- | | | |Total Number| | |of |Recommended Minimum Tape | |Disk Blocks |Size | |Used | | ---------------------------------------- | | | | 0-235,500|Sony P6-15MP Video 8 | | |Sony P5-15MP Video 8 | | |EXABYTE 8MM Data Cartridge | | |15 m | ---------------------------------------- | | | |235,501-471,|Sony P6-30MP Video 8 | | 500|Sony P5-30MP Video 8 | | |EXABYTE 8MM Data Cartridge | | |54 m | ---------------------------------------- | | | |471,501-943,|Sony P6-60MP Video 8 | | 500|Sony P5-60MP Video 8 | | |EXABYTE 8MM Data Cartridge | | |54 m | ---------------------------------------- | | | | 943,501-1,|Sony P6-90MP Video 8 | | 415,000|Sony P5-60MP Video 8 | | |EXABYTE 8MM Data Cartridge | | |112 m | ---------------------------------------- | | | |1,415,001-1,|Sony P6-120MP Video 8 | | 887,000|Sony P5-90MP Video 8 | | |EXABYTE 8MM Data Cartridge | | |112 m | ---------------------------------------- | | | |1,887,001 or|May require multiple | | greater|cartridges for backup | ---------------------------------------- As the table indicates, machines with greater than 1,887,001 used disk blocks may require multiple tapes for backups. However, because the estimates in the table are conservative, it may in fact be possible to put an entire backup for such a machine on a single 120-minute (or 112-meter) tape. As an example, assume that Operator.Disk_Space produces the following display: 14 2/16/90 R\f D_10_20_2 Release Volume Capacity Available Used % Free ====== ======== ========= ======= ====== 1 625482 257433 368049 41 2 655776 255030 400746 38 3 655776 247569 408207 37 4 655776 220230 435546 33 Total 2592810 980262 1612548 37 This machine has a total of 1,612,548 used disk blocks. Therefore, this machine requires a tape such as a Sony P6-120MP tape for a single-tape backup. R 2/16/90 15\f Rational Environment Release Information 7.1.4. Backups on Systems with Two Tape Drives Series 200 and Series 300S machines can optionally have both a 9-track tape drive and an 8-mm cartridge tape drive. When two kinds of tape drive are available, the system manager must decide which tape drive to use for system backups. It is important to make this decision early for two reasons: * It is recommended that the tape drive used for backups should be made the default tape drive (drive number 0). Doing so simplifies the operator's response to the backup tape-mount request, so that only a carriage return is needed for the On which drive? prompt. (See Section 7.2.1.) * Incremental backups (primary and secondary) must be made on the same kind of tape drive as the full backup on which they are based. Full and incremental backups made on different kinds of tape drive are incompatible and cannot be restored together. Thus, if you make a full backup on an 8-mm cartridge tape drive, you must make all subsequent primary backups on that tape drive. If you want to switch to the 9-track tape drive, you must wait until the next scheduled full backup. 7.1.5. Restoring Backups Backups taken on 9-track tape drives span multiple tapes, including one or more tapes containing the data and one tape (often called the "blue tape") containing the backup index. During restoration of such a backup, the tape-mount request prompts you for the blue tape first so that the backup index can be read first. The tape-mount request then prompts you for the remaining tapes in order. Backups taken on 8-mm cartridge tape drives usually require only one tape, in which case the backup index is written after the data on a single tape. When, during restoration, you are prompted for a blue tape, you need to mount the sole tape cartridge. The restoration operation skips through this tape until the backup index is found. After reading the backup index, the restoration operation automatically returns to the beginning of the tape to read the data. On very large systems, a backup taken on an 8-mm cartridge tape drive may require multiple tapes. The backup operation writes to these tapes as if they were logically a single tape-that is, the backup index is written immediately following the data. Consequently, restoration of multitape backups is a two-pass process. The tape-mount request first prompts you to mount each tape in sequence so that the tapes can be skipped through until the backup index is found. Then the tape-mount request prompts you to mount the sequence again so that the tapes can be read and the data restored. 16 2/16/90 R\f D_10_20_2 Release During restoration on an 8-mm cartridge tape drive, progress messages appear on the operator's console. These messages report when the backup index has been located and when it is being processed; subsequent messages report when the backup data has been located and when it is being processed. R 2/16/90 17\f Rational Environment Release Information 7.1.6. Bug Fixes Pertaining to Backup The new implementation of Do_Backup corrects several bugs from D_10_20_0. In particular, the time specified by the Starting_At parameter is now absolute rather than relative to the time at which the tape is mounted. Consequently, the actual backup now begins at the Starting_At time no matter when the tape is mounted (as long as it is mounted before the backup is scheduled to start). Furthermore, because of the new Backup_Starting formal procedure, the message announcing the backup is now displayed when the actual backup begins rather than at the time the Do_Backup command is executed. Another important bug fix is that secondary backups now work correctly. Secondary backups are based on primary (or other secondary) backups, just as primary backups are based on full backups. In previous releases, secondary backups didn't work. 7.2. General Tape-Related Changes Environment tape interfaces now accommodate the 8-mm cartridge tape drive in addition to the 9-track tape drive. 7.2.1. Default Tape Drive Many prompts and commands require that you specify a tape drive using its logical tape-drive number. The default value for these prompts and commands is always drive number 0. Therefore, by convention, the tape drive whose number is 0 is the default drive. When a machine has both an 8-mm cartridge tape drive and a 9-track tape drive, the system manager must decide which drive is to serve as the default. The default drive is then assigned drive number 0, and the remaining drive can be assigned a drive number from 1 through 3. The default drive should be the tape drive that will be used for system backups. Logical tape-drive numbers are assigned using the IOP ENVIROMENT menu during the boot process. The initial assignments are usually set by Rational technical representatives, although system managers can change the assignments during subsequent system boot processes. System managers who want to do this should contact their Rational technical representatives for assistance. 7.2.2. Package Tape Many commands in package Tape have a Drive parameter through which the user may specify the tape-drive number for the desired drive. On machines with only one tape drive, these parameters accept only the value 0; on machines with multiple drives, this parameter accepts any number that has been assigned to a drive. 18 2/16/90 R\f D_10_20_2 Release 7.2.3. Tape-Mount Requests Commands that require tape operations initiate a tape-mount request on the operations console. Such commands include Tape.Read, Tape.Write, Archive.Save, and Archive.Restore. When these commands are entered on R1000s that have two tape drives, the resulting tape-mount request contains certain prompts and fields that don't appear on machines with only one tape drive. In particular, the tape-mount request on a two-drive machine displays: R 2/16/90 19\f Rational Environment Release Information * The On which drive? prompt asking you to specify the logical number of the tape drive on which the tape operation is to take place. (Note that in previous releases, this prompt appeared on machines with one tape drive, as well.) * A Kind of Drive field along with the label information that is displayed about the mounted tape. The kind of drive is given as 8mm for 8-mm cartridge tape drives and 9_TRACK for 9-track tape drives. For example, assume that a Series 200 has been upgraded so that it has an 8-mm cartridge tape drive as well as a 9-track tape drive, and that the 8-mm cartridge tape drive is tape drive 0 (the default) while the 9-track tape drive is tape drive 3. The following is an excerpt from a tape-mount request in which the default tape drive is specified: Please Load Tape (Kind of Tape => CHAINED_ANSI, Direction => WRITING, Volume Set Name => BACKUP, 07-NOV-89 16:47:23 3) Is Tape mounted and ready to read labels? yes On which drive? [ 0] Info on mounted tape is (Kind of Drive => 8MM, Kind of Tape => UNLABELED_TAPE, Writeable => TRUE) OK to overwrite volume? [YES] What should the volume id handling mode be? [AUTO_GENERATE] Volume id of tape is now: 007100 In contrast, the following excerpt is from a tape-mount request in which the nondefault drive 3 is specified: Please Load Tape (Kind of Tape => CHAINED_ANSI, Direction => WRITING, Volume Set Name => BACKUP, 07-NOV-89 16:47:23 3) Is Tape mounted and ready to read labels? yes On which drive? [ 0] 3 Info on mounted tape is (Kind of Drive => 9_TRACK, Kind of Tape => UNLABELED_TAPE, Writeable => TRUE) OK to overwrite volume? [YES] What should the volume id handling mode be? [AUTO_GENERATE] Volume id of tape is now: 007100 . 20 2/16/90 R\f D_10_20_2 Release 7.2.4. Package Archive The Archive.Save and Archive.Restore commands can write the Data and Index files to either of two types of devices-namely, a tape or an Environment library. The Device parameter determines which type of device is to be used. The default value for this parameter ("MACHINE.DEVICES.TAPE_0") is a special value that causes a tape-mount request to appear on the operations console. Any other string is interpreted as the name of an Environment library. Note that in the present release, you cannot use the Device parameter to specify a particular tape drive. Instead, the choice of tape drive must be made as part of the tape-mount request (see Section 7.2.3, above). Thus, the special value "MACHINE.DEVICES.TAPE_0" is appropriate for any tape operation, even when a tape drive with a number other than 0 is to be used. If you specify a string such as "Machine.Devices.Tape_3", a library named Machine.Devices.Tape_3 is created in the current context and used as the device. It is anticipated that in a future release the Device parameter will accept naming expressions that reference specific tape drives. 7.2.5. User-Written Applications User-written applications written against Device_Independent_Io must be instructed to open specific devices for reading or writing. When such applications are to perform tape operations, they must be passed naming expressions that reference a particular tape drive by its logical number. For example, the name "!Machine.Devices.Tape_0" references the default tape drive; the name "!Machine.Devices.Tape_3" references tape drive number 3. (These names are not to be confused with the special value used in the Archive commands; see Section 7.2.4, above.) The drive that is specified to the application must also be specified during the subsequent tape-mount request. Note that applications written against Tape_Tools do not require names that reference specific tape drives; instead, the drive to be used is specified during the tape-mount request. When writing tape-related applications, bear in mind that tape marks written on 8-mm cartridge tapes occupy much more space than tape marks written on 9-track tapes. In particular, each tape mark written on an 8-mm cartridge tape occupies 2 megabytes of space. Thus, when an application writes tape marks between files, writing a large number of small files can easily exhaust the space on a single tape. 7.2.6. Tape-Related Messages in the Error Log In !Machine.Error_Logs.Log@, log entries pertaining to tape operations now reflect the type of drive. When the type of drive is 9 track, the entry also reports the density. Following are R 2/16/90 21\f Rational Environment Release Information examples of messages reporting each kind of tape drive and density: 13:34:33 --- Tape_Handling Tape_Mounted Volume_Id=TEST1 , Type_Of_Drive=9Track, Density=PE_1600CPI 13:34:33 --- Tape_Handling Tape_Mounted Volume_Id=TEST2 , Type_Of_Drive=9Track, Density=GCR_6250CPI 12:37:05 --- Tape_Handling Tape_Mounted Volume_Id=012601, Type_Of_Drive=8mm 22 2/16/90 R\f D_10_20_2 Release 7.2.7. DFS Backup Backups of the Diagnostic File System (DFS) can be made on the 8-mm cartridge tape drive. If the DFS backup is to be made on a tape drive other than the default drive 0, the nondefault drive number must be specified. For example, to specify drive number 3, append /unit=3 to the backup command: CLI> backup/unit=3 Omitting the drive number causes the DFS backup to be taken on drive 0: CLI> backup 7.3. Changes Pertaining to Login Limits The number of permitted concurrent logins (sessions) for each Series 300S and 300C is set at the factory. If a user attempts to log in after the maximum number has been reached, the following message will appear: Login denied - resource restriction An existing session will have to be logged out before that user can log in. 7.4. Changes Pertaining to EEDB The special character "$" can now be used as an argument to EEDB commands to reference the currently running release. 8. Documentation No new documentation is issued with the D_10_20_2 release. The existing online and hard-copy documentation for package System_Backup has no reference entry for the generic procedure Backup_Generic. (The existing documentation is found in Rev. 3.0 of the System Management Utilities (SMU) book of the Rational Environment Reference Manual.) Until the SMU book is updated, this release note serves as documentation for System_Backup.Backup_Generic. 9. Training No new training is issued with the D_10_20_2 release. R 2/16/90 23\f D_10_20_2 Release Contents 1. Overview 1 2. Configurations 1 3. Compatibility 2 3.1. Compatible Layered Products 2 4. Upgrade Impact 3 5. Known Problems 4 5.1. Lost Tape-Drive Allocation 4 5.2. Unexpected Exception During Backup 4 6. New Features 5 6.1. Generic Procedure System_Backup.Backup_Generic 6 6.2. !Commands.System_Maintenance.Revn.Accept_Tokens 7 6.3. !Commands.System_Maintenance.Revn.Give_Up_Tokens 9 7. Changes from D_10_20_0 11 7.1. System Backup Changes 11 7.1.1. Improved Do_Backup Implementation 11 7.1.2. Support for 8-Millimeter Cartridge Tape Drive 13 7.1.3. Guidelines for Choosing Tape Size 13 7.1.4. Backups on Systems with Two Tape Drives 16 7.1.5. Restoring Backups 16 7.1.6. Bug Fixes Pertaining to Backup 18 7.2. General Tape-Related Changes 18 7.2.1. Default Tape Drive 18 7.2.2. Package Tape 18 7.2.3. Tape-Mount Requests 19 7.2.4. Package Archive 21 7.2.5. User-Written Applications 21 7.2.6. Tape-Related Messages in the Error Log 21 7.2.7. DFS Backup 23 7.3. Changes Pertaining to Login Limits 23 7.4. Changes Pertaining to EEDB 23 8. Documentation 23 9. Training 23 R 2/16/90 iii\f Rational Environment Release Information iv 2/16/90 R