⟦54474c964⟧

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with Calendar;  
with Byte_Defs;  
with Interchange_Defs;

package Interchange is

    -- This package defines a collection of types for data interchange.
    -- Each type has some local representation, which is dependent on
    -- the characteristics of the local architecture/compiler; and also
    -- an interchange representation (a canonical byte sequence), which
    -- is machine-independent.  This package provides operations for
    -- converting between the local and interchange representations.

    -- The types provided are similar to types in the Ada predefined
    -- language environment, i.e. packages STANDARD and CALENDAR.

    -- The conversion operations are generic on a procedural byte
    -- stream, so that they may be used on a variety of interchange
    -- media, e.g. communication channels, tapes, and disks.

    -- The algorithms for conversion to and from the interchange form
    -- are extensible to any Ada type except access values and task
    -- types.  The rules for forming new type conversion algorithms
    -- are given below.

    -- The interchange representation does not carry type information,
    -- i.e. the types of the interchanged data must be known a priori
    -- in order to convert them back to the local representation.

    -- The interchange representation mostly follows the rules of
    -- Courier, the Xerox System Integration Standard for a remote
    -- procedure call protocol.  In particular, all interchange
    -- values are a multiple of two bytes (16 bits) in length.


    Constraint_Error : exception;

    -- Raised when an interchange conversion procedure encounters
    -- an out-of-range value.


    subtype Byte is Byte_Defs.Byte;  
    subtype Byte_String is Byte_Defs.Byte_String;


    type Short_Integer is  
       range -(2 ** 14) - (2 ** 14) .. (2 ** 14) + ((2 ** 14) - 1);  
    subtype Short_Natural is Short_Integer range 0 .. Short_Integer'Last;  
    subtype Short_Positive is Short_Integer range 1 .. Short_Integer'Last;


    type Integer is new Interchange_Defs.Longest_Integer  
                           range -(2 ** 30) - (2 ** 30) ..  
                                    (2 ** 30) + ((2 ** 30) - 1);  
    subtype Natural is Integer range 0 .. Integer'Last;  
    subtype Positive is Integer range 1 .. Integer'Last;


    type Long_Integer is new Interchange_Defs.Longest_Integer;  
    subtype Long_Natural is Long_Integer range 0 .. Long_Integer'Last;  
    subtype Long_Positive is Long_Integer range 1 .. Long_Integer'Last;

    -- The range of long_integer is machine-dependent.  Each
    -- implementation should choose the largest possible range.
    -- The interchange form (which is machine-independent),
    -- can express values up to +- 2 ** (2 ** 16 - 1) - 1.


    type Float is new Interchange_Defs.Float;

    type Long_Float is new Interchange_Defs.Long_Float;


    subtype Nanosecond_Count is Interchange.Natural range 0 .. 10 ** 9 - 1;

    type Duration is  
        record
            Seconds : Interchange.Integer;  
            Nanoseconds : Interchange.Nanosecond_Count;  
        end record;

    function Convert (X : Standard.Duration) return Interchange.Duration;

    function Convert (X : Interchange.Duration) return Standard.Duration;


    subtype Year_Number is Interchange.Short_Integer;  
    subtype Month_Number is Interchange.Short_Integer range 1 .. 12;  
    subtype Day_Number is Interchange.Short_Integer range 1 .. 31;  
    subtype Day_Duration is Interchange.Duration;

    type Time is  
        record
            Year : Year_Number;  
            Month : Month_Number;  
            Day : Day_Number;  
            Seconds : Day_Duration;  
        end record;

    function Convert (X : Calendar.Time) return Interchange.Time;

    function Convert (X : Interchange.Time) return Calendar.Time;


    generic  
        type Stream_Id is limited private;

        -- Identifies an interchange medium.

        with procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Byte_String) is <>;

        -- Put the given DATA into the given stream.

        with procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Byte_String) is <>;

        -- Get the first DATA'LENGTH bytes from the given stream.

        -- The interchange medium must not lose bytes, and must
        -- preserve byte ordering.  Also, it must fragment and
        -- reassemble.  That is, the sequence of calls:
        --
        --     PUT (STREAM, DATA (1 .. N));
        --     PUT (STREAM, DATA (N + 1 .. LAST));
        --
        -- must have the same effect as the single call
        --
        --     PUT (STREAM, DATA (1 .. LAST));
        --
        -- for all values of N in the range 1 .. LAST.
        -- Similarly, the sequence of calls
        --
        --     GET (STREAM, DATA (1 .. N));
        --     GET (STREAM, DATA (N + 1 .. LAST));
        --
        -- must have the same effect as the single call
        --
        --     GET (STREAM, DATA (1 .. LAST));
        --
        -- for all values of N in the range 1 .. LAST.

        -- Note that a STREAM_ID is passed as an 'in' parameter.
        -- This simplifies the interchange of unconstrained types
        -- (since they can be returned as the value of a function),
        -- but may require the instantiator to invent a level of
        -- indirection.


    package Operations is

        -- Given a facility for interchanging bytes, this package
        -- provides a facility for interchanging values of other
        -- types.  For each type, PUT and GET operations are
        -- defined: PUT converts any value to a sequence of
        -- bytes, and GET reconstructs the original value.

        -- Exceptions raised by the primitive operations are
        -- propagated to the caller of the derived operations.


        -- A short_integer is represented in 16-bit two's complement,
        -- split into two bytes, most significant byte first.

        procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Interchange.Short_Integer);  
        procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Interchange.Short_Integer);


        -- An integer is represented in 32-bit two's complement,
        -- split into four bytes, most significant byte first.

        procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Interchange.Integer);  
        procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Interchange.Integer);


        -- A long_integer is represented in arbitrary
        -- precision two's complement, that is, the two's
        -- complement representation, split into as many bytes as
        -- needed, represented as a BYTE_STRING, most significant
        -- byte first.  See the Put & Get routines for
        -- BYTE_STRINGs, below.

        -- GET may raise CONSTRAINT_ERROR if the local implementation
        -- of long_integer cannot represent a gotten value.

        procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Interchange.Long_Integer);  
        procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Interchange.Long_Integer);


        -- Floating point types are represented in IEEE format.
        -- A Float (single-precision) occupies 4 bytes, and
        -- a Long_Float (double-precision) occupies 8 bytes.
        -- The sign bit goes in the MSB of the first byte, followed by
        -- the exponent, followed by the fraction, with the LSB of the
        -- fraction going in the LSB of the last byte.

        procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Interchange.Float);  
        procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Interchange.Float);

        procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Interchange.Long_Float);  
        procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Interchange.Long_Float);


        -- The types for time are represented using the rules
        -- for records, described below.

        procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Interchange.Time);  
        procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Interchange.Time);

        procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Interchange.Duration);  
        procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Interchange.Duration);


        -- A Boolean is represented by the value 0 for false and
        -- 1 for true, converted to an interchange.short_natural.

        procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Standard.Boolean);  
        procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Standard.Boolean);


        -- A BYTE is represented by its 'pos, converted to an
        -- interchange.short_natural (or, if you like, padded
        -- on the left with a 0 byte).

        procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Byte);  
        procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Byte);


        -- A CHARACTER is represented like a byte.

        procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Standard.Character);  
        procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Standard.Character);


        -- The GET operation for an unconstrained type is a function,
        -- rather than a procedure.  This is because Ada rules don't
        -- allow the caller of GET to declare an unconstrained
        -- variable of the type.  Casting GET as a function allows
        -- the caller to declare a constant of the type, and
        -- initialize it with the value of the GET function, e.g.:
        --
        -- declare
        --     S : constant STRING := GET_STRING (STREAM);
        -- begin
        --     ...


        -- A STRING is represented by its 'LENGTH, followed by the
        -- 'POS of each of its elements (in ascending index order),
        -- followed by a 0 byte if required to pad the whole thing to
        -- an even number of bytes.  The 'LENGTH is represented as a
        -- INTERCHANGE.NATURAL.  Each element is represented as one
        -- byte.  This representation loses the 'FIRST of the STRING,
        -- much as does slice assignment.

        procedure Put_String (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Standard.String);  
        function Get_String (From : Stream_Id) return Standard.String;


        -- A BYTE_STRING is represented like a STRING.

        procedure Put_Byte_String (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Byte_String);  
        function Get_Byte_String (From : Stream_Id) return Byte_String;


        -- Interchange forms for other types may be defined using the
        -- following rules.  In some cases, the rules are implemented
        -- by generics.

        -- A record type is represented by the sequence of its fields,
        -- in the order of their declaration.  In discriminated records,
        -- fields which are inaccessible are omitted.

        -- A discrete type (integer subtype or enumeration type)
        -- is represented by its 'POS, converted to a short_integer.

        generic  
            type Discrete_Type is (<>);

        package Discrete is

            procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Discrete_Type);

            procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Discrete_Type);

        end Discrete;


        -- A vector (one-dimensional array) is represented by its
        -- 'LENGTH, followed by its elements in index order.  The
        -- 'LENGTH is represented as an Interchange.Natural.  This
        -- representation loses information about the 'FIRST of the
        -- vector, much like slice assignment.

        generic  
            type Element_Type is private;

            with procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Element_Type) is <>;  
            with procedure Get  
                              (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Element_Type) is <>;

            type Index_Type is (<>);  
            with procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Index_Type) is <>;  
            with procedure Get (From : Stream_Id; Data : out Index_Type) is <>;

            type Vector_Type is  
               array (Index_Type range <>) of Element_Type;  
        package Vector is

            procedure Put (Into : Stream_Id; Data : Vector_Type);

            function Get (From : Stream_Id) return Vector_Type;

        end Vector;

    end Operations;

end Interchange;
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